印度贸易赤字原因分析

印度贸易赤字原因 1. 印度出现贸易赤字的原因为:(1)印度独立后一直奉行严格的保护主义政策，经济发展 缓慢。(2)印度和所有发展中国家一样都会面临资金缺口、技术缺口和管理经验缺口， 必须从国外引入大量资本帮助本国经济增长。(3)进出口商品结构不合理也是造成贸易 逆差现象的一个重要原因。同大多数发展中国家一样，印度的出口产品中劳动密集型产 品所占的比重最大，其次为初级产品，然而资本或技术密集型产品进口所占的比重则较 小。而在进口产品中，劳动密集型产品所占的比重最小不足20%，初级产品和资本或技 术密集型产品所占的比系都比较高。石油类产品仍然足印度的主要进口产品。(4)印 度对进口石油的依赖是造成贸易赤字的一个非常重要原因，近年来随着石油价格的攀 升，和对石油需求量的不断增加使得政府对石油的财政补贴日益剧增，根据相关数据显 示，印度贸易逆差有一大半是石油逆差。 1. The reasons for India’s trade deficit: (1) India's has been followed strict protectionist policies after its independence, and the development of its economic is very slow. (2)As the same with all developing coutries,India would face the gap of funding and technology and management experiences,so it must introduce large capital to help its economic growth from abroad. (3)The unreasonable structure of import and export commodities is also the very important reason. The labor-intensive products occupy the largest proportion of its export products, the primary products follow it.However the import of capital and technology-intensive products hold the smaller proportion. But in the imported products,labor-intensive products hold the proportion less than 20%, primary products and capital or technology-intensive products’ proportion is higher. Petroleum products is still the main products of its imported. (4) Seriously rely on on imported oil is a very important reason which cause the trade deficit. Recently years, with the rising oil prices and the increasing of oil demand,the government’s subsidies has been growing.According to the relevant data,more than half of trade deficit is due to oil deficit.. 2. 虽然一直持续出现贸易赤字，但近年来印度贸易赤字有所下降。从独立起，直到1991 年进行了比较全面的经济改革以后，印度逐步扩大了对外开放，对外贸易获得了一定发 展，自20世纪90年代以来，印度的对外贸易发展迅速，贸易规模不断扩大，特别是在 服务贸易方面得到了迅速发展。印度软件业的飞速发展是有目共睹的，20世纪90年代 以来，印度软件出口一直以超过50%的速度增长，正是由于软件业的迅猛增长，才带动 了整个印度服务贸易，甚至整个对外贸易的快速发展。 2 Although this phenomenon has been appeared continuously,but the trade deficit has decllind in recent years.After the comprehensive economic reform, India has gradually expand opening to the outside world,its international trade gets development since 1990s. India's international trade scale unceasingly expands with a high speed,especially in the trade in services. The rapid development of Indian software is obvious, since the 1990s, the Indian software’s exports with a growth rate more than 50% .It is due to the rapid growth of software, the service trade of the whole India comes to a new situation, even take the benefitsto the international trade. 3. 随着美元流入减少以及外国机构投资者持续购买美元，导致卢比汇率持续下跌。贸易赤 字不断加大 4. 1991年，拉奥政府开始实行经济体制改革和对外开放，在国内取消管制和行政干预， 引进竞争机制，实现经济自由化，1992年8月，印度国会通过了新的外贸法，从根本 上改变了过去对外贸实行严格管制，限制进口和忽视出口的方针。为了推动出口，政府 允许出口生产商免税进口原材料，并按低税率进口生产所需的机器设备。于是从91年 开始，在国内生产总值一定的条件下，进口贸易迅速增长，所以从91至00年贸易赤字 呈扩大趋势。在引进了一定的外资技术后，印度国内的经济有所发展，使得自身的生产 力提高，相较以前更能满足内需，一定程度上减少了进口贸易，所以00年至03年贸易 赤字增长缓慢。03年以后，世界原油价格猛涨，而随着经济发展，印度对原油的需求 增大，因此消费支付增加，且在此期间，印度外境旅游的无形消费增加，同时都导致了 此期间的贸易赤字增加。 3. The reason why the rate of rupee decrease is that the inflow of dollars reduced and Foreign investors keep buying dollars. 4. In 1991, the government begins to implement the economic system reform and opening-up, cancel the administrative intervention, and introducing competition mechanism, to realize the economic liberalisation. In August 1992, Indian congress passed a new trade law, fundamentally changed that the government used to strict control the import and export . In order to promote exports, the government allowed export producers duty-free imports of raw materials, and according to the low rates of imported production equipment needed. So from 1991 on the base of GDP, import trade growing rapidly, so from 91-2000 is expanding trade deficit. introducing a foreign technology, India's domestic economy has great development, and its productivity can meet the demand more than before to a certain extent, reduce import trade, so the 2000-2003 slow growth in the trade deficit. Since 2003, the world oil prices rised rapidly, but along with the economic development, India needs more oil, so the cost increases, and in the circumstances, India during the tourism consumption increase, while invisible have led to the trade deficit increased during this.