探讨林下中草药种植的管理技术[权威资料]

探讨林下中草药种植的管理技术[权威资料] 探讨林下中草药种植的管理技术 摘 要:当前，在我国林权改革的大环境下，林下经济也成了关键性的发展问。同时随着人们生活水平的提高，对于养生保健品的食疗需求呈现白热化趋向，中草药市场销售额的日益增长，为林下中草药的大规模化生产提供了强大动力，使得进行大面积的人工栽培繁育中草药已成为主流方向。因此林下中草药种植业迅速发展，有着强大的需求市场和广阔的发展前景。本文重点探讨有关林下中草药种植的管理技术的存在问题和解决方法。 关键词:林下经济;中草药种植;管理技术 1 林下中草药种植的管理技术的目的与意义 林下套种中草药是指依靠林地的土地资源和林荫的空间，在林冠下开展农业和林业的一种高效的复合经营模式，对于有效地充分利用林地资源，实现效益最大化，促进林下经济的发展具有重大而深远的意义。林下套种中草药解决了退耕还林造成的药林争地的问题，将药林资源进行优化配置上，依靠科学技术让药林资源共享优势，有效效益的长短结合，实现林下经济的可持续发展。是否正确探索并应用林下种植中草药的管理技术关乎到种植户能否科学地得到增收，关乎到林下经济能否切实实现长远持久的效益。只有因地制宜地开展林下中草药种植，才能高效深入地推进林下经济的真正发展。 2 林下中草药种植的管理技术的存在问题 2.1 不结合实际，盲目跟风 很多地区在发展林下套种中草药技术时，往往不去分析当地的优劣特点，只是盲目效仿其他地区的栽培类别和方法，甚至有许多林农或企业由于对中草药的产业发展规律、市场效益动向没有把握，很容易产生看到某种中药材价格上涨收益上升就一股脑都去种植的 错误行为。很多中草药资源非常丰富、品种非常优良的地 区，未能得到合理的开发利用，地区优势根本得不到发挥。 往往一些短时期内收益很高的中药材在当地生长不好或者不 能适应，使得市场收益受到影响，林下经济不能得到持续发 展。 2.2 缺乏技术性，粗放经营 尽管各个地区在近些年林 下套种中草药的实践中对某些品种积累了丰富的生产经验， 但是作为一种刚起步的新兴技术，对大多数品种的种植栽培 技术尚不够成熟，仍处在探索和研究阶段。一方面，有些生 产由于缺乏新技术新方法，栽培模式不够纯熟，在发展生产 的过程中往往参 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kn6JSs6I+c5L2c54mp55qE55eF6Jmr5a6z6K+G5Yir5LiO6Ziy5rK7J+iUrOiPnOS9nOeJqeeahOeXheiZq+Wus+ivhuWIq+S4jumYsuayu2QCEA9kFgJmDxUEAAx6Z256MjAxNDAyODAh5o6i6K6o5Zut5p6X57u/5YyW5bel56iL55qE566h55CGIeaOouiuqOWbreael+e7v+WMluW3peeoi+eahOeuoeeQhmQCEQ9kFgJmDxUEAAx6Z256MjAxNDAyODEz5Zut5p6X5YW75oqk566h55CG5Y+K55eF6Jmr5a6z6Ziy5rK75oqA5pyv55qE5o6i6K6oM+Wbr沾筇镌耘嗟姆绞浇,泄芾恚,械纳踔 链址啪,,,硪环矫妫,行?蒲屑际跹现赝牙胧导剩,,, 貌坏娇萍己芎玫闹С抛饔谩,ㄒ导际跣缘娜笔В,堑贾铝窒 绿字种胁菀?,降貌坏搅己梅?沟闹匾,侍庵,弧, 2.3 制度不健全，监管不严 首先，中药材生产质量管 理规范缺少可操作性强的培训教程和实施指导，导致很多采 用林下套种中草药模式的地区没有进行规范化种植。其次， 硬性的指标要求不够详细严格，使得农药残留和有效含量等 重要指标由于各种中草药质量的参差不齐和要求的不严格而 达不到标准。同时，尽管相关的认证和监管相对健全， 但是仍然有规定难以得到贯彻，操作规程和检查细则不够规 范，存在系统漏洞。 3 林下中草药种植的管理技术的方法建议 3.1 结合当地实际，因地制宜 每种中草药都具有其独 特的生长环境和生长习性，林下套种中草药管理模式必须做 到具体问题具体分析，切忌跟随市场大流。应该依据各种植 物自身的特质，寻找合理科学的栽培模式。针对即将种植的 品种，所选的林地必须适合它的生长，需要严格考察选地的 土壤条件，包括酸碱性、水肥、紧实度、土层厚度等，同时 透光度、树种、坡度、坡位、坡向、海拔、郁闭度、群落结 构等也是考察时必不可少的关键因素。只有因地制宜，充分 利用好地区独有的优势资源，并加以适度利用开发，才能合 理应用林下套种中草药模式。 3.2 重视技术推广，积累经验 对于林下套种中草药这 样的新兴模式，科研技术是生产发展环节中极为重要的支撑 力量。一方面，政府必须加大政策和技术的支持，推广大规模种植的正确操作流程和注意事项。必须持续加强林农和企业的技术培养，可以与相关的高校或培训机构联合，开设有关林下套种中草药模式方面的课程培训，让林农和企业更好地利用科研成果来支撑发展种植生产。另一方面，企业和林农应该在长期实践的基础上总结经验不断开拓，研究探索新技术新方法以适应大规模种植的需要。只有规范化的种植，才能切实提高技术水平，满足中草药市场的需求，让林农和企业真正实现效益最大化。 3.3 建立健全机制，加强规范 一来，在林下套种中草药模式上，政府应及时提供有关中草药生产质量管理规范的培训指导服务，让林农和企业更好地了解并掌握这一模式的特点，只有深入了解操作流程和存在问题之后，才能制定出具有针对性和适用性的种植方法。二来，各级机关要建立健全认证和监督机构，认真履行好机构的监督职能，制定好对于硬性指标要求定量定性的实施细则。严格有效的监督体制可以使规范化种植得到较好的落实，正确监督林农和企业在林下套种中草药时严格按照操作要求进行种植生产，努力做到合理监督，科学管理。 4 林下中草药种植的管理技术的总结 随着生活水平的提高和生态环境的要求，中草药的需求和林下经济的发展需求与日俱增，这就使得林下中草药种植的新兴模式迅速发展。但是，仍有不结合实际、盲目跟风，缺乏技术性、粗放经营，制度不健全、管理不严等存在问题。林下套种中草药的发展方式既解决林药争地矛盾、实现可持续发展、保护中草药植物资源、促进林木生长等具有重要影响，同时对迎合市场需求、推动经济发展、促进生态续发展具有关键意义。只有通过不断提高林下中草药种植的管理技术以增加中草药植物种类的生长适应力，推广专业技术支持和科研成果探究，完善认证管理监督机制，才能使林 下种植中草药的模式具备可操作性和更加纯熟，从而保证富民增收和经济的持续发展。 参考文献 [1] 赵峰. 林下种植中草药的探讨[J]. 农业与技术，2013，04:79+89. [2] 明凤恩，卢海平. 田林县域林下中草药产业发展现状与对策研究[J]. 产业与科技论坛，2013，11:41-43. [3] 潘启龙，戴海军，王凌晖，谢安德，唐春红，陶大燕，唐文雯，唐红亮. 林下套种中草药的栽培方法与技术[J]. 广东农业科学，2011，21:50-53. [4] 夏天，彭涛，金山. 凌源地区林下种植中药材技术的研究[A]. 辽宁省植物保护学会、辽宁省昆虫学会.辽宁省植物保护学会、辽宁省昆虫学会2011年学术交流研讨会(西安)集[C].辽宁省植物保护学会、辽宁省昆虫学会:，2011:2. [5] 谷风. 规范种植模式 实现多方共赢[N]. 中国食品安全报，2011-06-25A03. 文档资料:探讨林下中草药种植的管理技术 完整下载 完整阅读 全文下载 全文阅读 免费阅读及下载 感谢你的阅读和下载 *资源、信息来源于网络。本文若侵犯了您的权益，请留言或者发站内信息。我将尽快删除。*