自动档汽车档位介绍和驾驶知识

自动档汽车档位介绍和驾驶知识 自档汽档位介和知动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动一、自汽的档位 一般来,自档汽的自速器的档位分动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动P、R、N、D、2 (或S)、L(或1)等。下面分动动动动动动动介如下: P (Parking) 停档,或称泊档:动动动动动动动动动 P用作停之用,它是利用机械装置去汽的部分,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 使汽不能移。机运只要档杆在行位置上,自动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 速器汽就很容易地行走。而停放,档杆必扳入动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动P 位,从而通速器内部动动动动动动的停制装置将出住,并拉手制,防止汽移。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 当汽需要在一固定位置上停留一段,或在停靠之动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 后离前,拉好手制及将杆推动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动“P”的位置上。要注意的是:动动一定要在完全停止才可使用动动动动动P档,要不然自速器的机械部分会受到动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动坏。当你停不用,档位在此,此于机械抱死状, 可以防止溜。另外,自速上装置空档启,使得汽动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动“只能在P”或“N”档才能启机,以避免在其他档位上启使汽突然前。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 R (Reverse)倒档: R是倒使用。自速器汽不像手速器汽那能使动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 用半,故在倒要特注意加速踏板的控制。通常要动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 按下杆上的保按,才可将杆移至动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动“R”档。要注意的是:当尚动动动未完全停定,不可以动动动动动动动动动动“行至强R”档,否速器会受到重坏。动动动动动动动动动动动动 N (Neutral)空档: N 位是指空档,可在起或拖和停，如灯,,用此档位。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动防止在斜坡上溜,当挂空档一定要着刹。将杆 置于“N”档上,机与速器之的力已切断分离。如短动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 停留可将杆置于此档并拉出手制杆,右脚可移离刹踏动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 板稍作休息。在等待信号或堵常常将档杆保持在动动动动动动动动动动动D 位,同下制。若动动动动动动动动动很短,做是允的,但若停止最好入动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动N 位,并拉手制。因档动动动动动动动动动杆在行位置上,自速器汽一般都有微弱的行,住动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制等于动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动行制止,使得速器油温升高,油液容易强 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。尤其在空器工作、机怠速高的情况下更不利。有 些了油,在高速行或下坡将档杆扳到动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动N 位滑行,很容易坏动动动动动动动速器,因速器出速很高,而机却在怠速运,油动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动供油不足,滑状况化,易坏速器。 D (Drive)前档,也称档:动动动动动动动动动 D动动动动动动个档位下速箱会在1,超速档，相当于1,4档,根据速度和油情况自切,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动“档位用在一般道路行。由于各国型有不同的,所以D”档一般包括从1档至高档或者2档至高档,并会因速及荷的化而自档。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动将杆放置在动动动动动“D”档上,者控制速快慢只要控制好油踏动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动板就可以了。正常行将档杆放在动动动动动动动动D 位,汽可在动动动1,4 档(或3 档)之自档。动动动动动动D 位是最常用的行位置。需要掌握的是:由于自速器是根据油大小与动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动速高低来确定档位的,所以加速踏板操作不同,档的速也不相同。动动动动动动动动动动动如果起迅速将加速踏板下,升档,加速能力步强动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,到一定速后,再将加速踏板很快松,汽就能立即升档,机噪声小,舒适性好。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动D 位的另一个特点是制低档,便于高速超,在强动动动动动D 位行中迅速将加速踏板到底,接通动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动强制低档就能自减档,汽很快加速,超之后松加速踏板又可自升档。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 S或2 (Second Gear) 2档: 2档低速前档,也示限制档,此档,启用动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动1档,启后,速箱就在动动动动动动动动2档上,用于湿滑路面起,或者慢速前作限制档使用。在上很大的斜坡步动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,或者在比斜的坡度上启,可以用此档起前。把档位步 挂在里,可以限制汽的档位自的只在低档位，相当动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 于手档汽的一档和二档,上切,以保汽得最大前力。将杆放置在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动2档位,汽会由动动动1档起,当速度增加会自步动动动动动2档。2档可以用作上、下斜坡之用,此档段的好是当上斜或落斜,会定地保持在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动1档或2档位置,不会因上斜的荷或动动动动速的不平衡、令速器不停地档。在落斜坡,利用机低动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 速的阻力作制,也不会令子越行越快动动动动动动动动动动动动(另个一动S档表示的意思是Sport模式,介如下动动动)。 S表示运动动动动模式，sport, S表示运动动动动模式，sport,在个档位下速箱可以自由档,但是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 档机会动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动延,使机在高速上保持,使力加 大。当然然个会动动动动动动动动动动动动造成油耗增加。 L (Low) 或1 (First Gear)低速档,也称1档: L档也是低前档,在下动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动山或者下距离的斜坡,把档位 挂在里,可以限制汽的档位自的只在最低档，相当动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 于手档汽的一档,上,可以使得汽在下坡使用动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 机力行制,不必要刹动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动致刹片而生危。动动动速器只能在1档内工作,不能到其他档位。它用在重动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动交通 堵塞的情况和斜度大的斜坡上最能动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动功用。上斜坡或下斜 坡,可动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动充分利用汽机的扭力。 二、S、L 位低档的使用 自速器在动动动动动S 位或L 位上于低档动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动范,可以在坡道等情况下使用。下坡入S 位或L位能充分利用机制,避免制器,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动致制效能下降。但是从D 位入动动S 位或L 位,速不能高于相的升档速,否机会动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动烈强 振动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,使速器油温急上升,甚至会坏速器。另外 在雨天气动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,若路面附着条件差,可以入S 位或L 位,固定在某一低档行,不动动动要使用能自档的位置,以免汽动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动打滑。同必牢,打滑可将档杆推入N 位,切断机的力,以保行动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动安全。 动动动动动动动三、自档汽的使用 1、机在启,自速箱档位也做了限制,是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动厂家 出于安全的考动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动而速箱所做的整。一般只有当速杆于档位P或N的位置,才可以启机。如果速杆在行档位,如动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动D、R等位置,机不能启。动动动动动动动动动一限制的目的是了防止汽与前后的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动物体生碰撞。如果新 手启不了机,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动先一下是不是挂了档。如果不是P或者N档,动动动动先整动动动动动动动动动来,再启子, 2、利用N档启的方法:当你后,不需要倒而动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动直接向 前行,你可以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动先接通源,住刹把档位推到N,再点火,之后挂入D档直接前行,动动可以避免在P档打火后,需要动动R档,使速箱一动动动动动动动动动动动动动动次反向冲:另外的作用就是在行中突然动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动熄火,可以在保安全的情况下迅速将档位推至N档打火再启动动动机, 3、子启要走,只有踏下制踏板,方可将速杆从动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动P档或N档移出,入行动动动动档位。松制踏板,子就可以慢慢行了。之所以要动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动提 前刹,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动目的也是了司机和子的安全。否,机启 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动后,挂上前档,子就会生移,此如果司机反不,很容易生碰撞事故, 4、在行中可以自由地切前档。些档位然限制可以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 达到的最高档位,但是只要档位与速度匹配,就可以自由切动动, 5、行中切不可挂入动动动动动动动N档滑行,因自速箱内需要滑,当行中把档位放在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动N上面油是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动无法正常地供油行滑的,会使速箱内部 件温度升高,造成动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动底坏:另外高速空档滑行也是非常危 的,而且并不省油。低速滑至停止可以动动动动动动动动动动动提前挂入N档,倒没有什影响,动动动动6、在行动动动动动动动动动动动动动程中千万不可推入P档,除非你不想要了。需要动动动动动动动动动动改行方向动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,一定要等停后再做切档位, 7、由于自速箱内有液机动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动构,且液体流有一定的性, 不能猝然就动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动生化,所以最好是在子停后,再挂入倒档。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动未完全停前,禁止把速杆挂入P档。停后,必动动动动动动动动动熄火挂入P档才能抽出动匙。很多人动动动动动动动动动停下来直接推到P档再熄火,拉手刹。动动动动动动动动动动动心的人会操作,熄火后一般因路面不平会前后小小动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动挪一下,而P档速箱有个动动动动动动动动咬合装置是和速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动咬住的,的挪会速造成一点冲:正 确的做法是:入停位置后,住刹将动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动排档杆拉到N档,拉起手刹,松脚动动刹然后熄火,最后再将排档杆推入P档:当然也是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动属于速箱精益求精的保,8、停必使用手刹,否会动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动破坏自速箱的止机构。P档和N档的区动动在于,P档速箱内有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动咬合,它不用于停,而且会帮 助动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制,在停后一定要将档位推到P档,切不挂在N档动动动动动动动动依靠手刹来制动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动:特在有坡度的地方停更是如此, 9、等灯,到底使用用动动动动动动动动动动动N档是动动D档,可以根据自己动动动动动动动动动动动,停住刹挂在D动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动子也没有害,因速箱内扭力器有一附有向 离合器的反动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,其作用是放大来自机曲的扭力,在 机怠速下它是不会的,只有待机速上升它才会起作用。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动所以住刹等灯也动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动没有系的,挂到N拉手刹也无妨。一般来,如果停动动动动动动在半分以上你就挂入动动动动动动动N拉手刹,如果停很短那就着刹等就好了。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 动动动动动动动动四、自档汽行技巧 一般正常行下自档的档动动动动动动动动动动动区在2000 2500动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动之。若你重油,速箱会自延档机,以得 动动动动动动动动动的大功率出,一般会在3000动动动动动动动动动动动以后才会升档,全的情况下会到速达到动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动区才升入下一档，置基本就代替了S档的作用,。相反若你油速动动动动动动箱会最早在速动动2000 到就升入下一档,以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动达到配合者意和油的目的。 自档一下松一下可以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动提前升档是正确的，但也要 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动好、松的机,,但是在牲加速的情况下达到相 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动油的目的,并不能使加速更快。当速上升到档区后, 你只要动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动收油,自速箱会自作出升档的指令,而在 你收油的瞬动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动机速会下降一些,正好于升档的比接, 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动再加油前行,你会得整个档程更加平,乘坐也更加舒适。* 需要注意的是:动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动提前升档后,再油不可度数大,否 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动速箱会者需要急加速,而当前档位力出无法足 要求而自动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动降档,又回到低档位上造成跳档:点友可 以在操作中动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动几次掌握好自己速箱的控制尺度。 1/2档，限制档,两个起作用的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动候,那就是在上坡和下坡的候。先来上坡,如果坡度很大,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动甚至可以挂入2或者1来完成爬坡后再挂入行档正常动动动动行。下坡的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动候,限制档就是作助制来使用,大 家都知道手档在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动山区行,下坡、大坡，当然下小坡 就没有必要操作了,可以挂在低档位作动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助制,而自档在D档是动动动动没有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助制作用的,它只会越滑越快。在个候就可以挂 入限制档,利用限制档位上升来用机作刹的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动助制,以减 刹动动动动动动动动片的工作力。 限制档有也可以作动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动制降档使用,就是你需要大强强扭 力出的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动候,你可以用它把档位控制在低档位上来 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动,或者是超,你可以直接把档位拉下来。不自速箱 也是会根据你油的度动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动数来决定是否降档的,例如你要超 前面的慢,你可以动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动先松油再一脚下去,速箱就会自降1档甚至2档来动足你的力要动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动求,完成超后松油,档位又会回到你当 前速度合适的档位,情况下你就动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动没必要使用限制档,光用油来控制就可以了。 动动动动动动动五、自档的注意事 1,只有在P、N两档才可以,从动动动动动动动动动动P档摘出排动动动动动动动动动杆必需住刹。N档启的动动使用是当你后就动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动直接向前行,你可以先接通源 ，不打着机,,住刹把档位拉到动动动动动动动动动动动动动动N,再点火,之后挂入D档直接前行,可动动动以避免在P档打火后,需要动动R档,使速箱一动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动次反向冲:另外的 作用就是在行中突然动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动熄火,可以在保安全的情况下迅速将档位推至N档打火再启动动动机。 2,一般档位在N、D、3动动动动动动动动动动动动切不用按档按,从3往下的限制档上挂必需按档,动动动从低档往高档挂不用按档。动动动动 3,行中切不可挂入动动动动动动动N档滑行,因自速箱内需要滑,当行中把档位放在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动N上面油是动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动无法正常地供油行滑的,会使速箱内部 件温度升高,造成动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动底坏:另外高速是空档滑行也是非常危 动动动动动动动动动动动动的,而且并不省油:低速滑至停止可以提前挂入N档,倒没有什影响动动动动。4,自档在行中切不可推入动动动动动动动动动动动动P档。在行方动动动动动动动向,D档与R档切一定要动动动动等停后再做操作。动动动动动动动动动动动　 5,行动动动动动动动动动动动――动动动动动排束停:入停位置后,住刹杆拉到N档拉起手――刹松脚刹然后――动―――动动动动排熄火杆推入P档―――动动动拔匙: 6,停，如等灯,,动动动动动动动动动动动动 N或者D都没有,根据自动动动动动动动动动动己即可,如果停在半分以上你就挂入动动动动动动动动动动动N拉手刹吧。 动动动动动动六、自档并非D 档一路到底 自速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动系和手速系是两完全不同的,两者除了 最的工作动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动目的相同之外,其作原理和表方式都不 相同。然自档很,但如果要把自档用得得动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动心手, 也需要一定的技巧。理动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动上,无是手速,是自速,若以 正确的方式操作,会有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动近似的表。感自档的子不如手 档的有力,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动主要是因操作不。 动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动手档的者通常都清楚最佳的档机,用起来比 得心动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动手。可自档的子,人往往不太会用,常常是地用D 档,一路到底。动被动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动是自档汽最正确的方法,然没有,但在找 到松的动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动感之后,又不免得它不味道,似乎在整 体性能表上是稍于手档的。动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动事并非如此,里面存 在着很多使用。如果使用正确的操控方动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动式,自档的汽 也会有凌动动动动动动动动动动动于手档的异表。 自速动动动动动动动动动系的D 档位可以根据速自在动动动动动3-2 (4速或3速自档汽动动动动)或4-3-2 (5 速自动档汽动)档自。的,在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动市区走走停停的情况下,自速箱就会在3-2、2-3 或是档不断地。的加速性动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动取决于机的扭矩表,手档的汽可由主控制在最 大扭矩动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动“动动动动”弱出点档,而自档的子上下档的作当然会者无力感到子表动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的情形在持上下坡的路段更明。 解决的方法之一,在不考耗动动动动动动动动动动动动动动。在油的前提下,平用也用大油起步 多数的自档的速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程序有学功能,如果你油踏板得 深,速动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程序会自改原先档点。比如原来的定是2500 动动动升档的,用大油后会在4000动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动或者以上才升档,出的扭矩比之前就大得多,的力也更。如果你常用大油,自速强动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动程序就会住你的, 自速器的档点就会动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动改出厂兼力性和能性的定, 自高升档点机的速。另外如果你的有运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模式 定的,运动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动模式行,也会有同的效果。 解决的方法之二,摒弃D 档到底的,正确地使用自档,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动改一档到底的。动动动动动动动动动动动多自档型除D 档外,有动动1、2、3 档。市区动动动动动动动速不快,可将档位放在2 档或3 档,山路放在动动动2 档或1 档,你会动动动动动动动动动动动似乎脱胎骨,跑起来不但有力,而且更加快。也有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动人会疑,的操作会不会速系动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动有不良影响,会不会比耗油,答案是不但不会,而且会更有利。因,既然速系动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动有些档位,就表示它各有所司,正确的操作不会造成。同,可避免以高档位拖着行,油动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动耗必然也会低,能减少机碳的象。不拖档的动动动动 动动动动动主很。念手档强 自档子在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动市区行,如果速无法超60 公里/小,就要用低于动动动动动动动D 档的一个档位,动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动可使加速凌,且避免碳的生,当速超60 以后,使用D 档行,不但动动动动动省油,也不会有加速性。在动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动山路行,要依据情况使用2档或1 档,除了可以持动动动动强的扭矩动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动出外,机刹的效果更可以避免度使用脚刹, 能确保行动动动动动动动动动动动动动安全。自档的D 档不具动动动动动动动动动动动动动动机刹的功能,并会随着下坡速的增加不断动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动向高速档位,使速越来越快, 必不停地使用脚刹来控制速,很容易刹因使用动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动 度而动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动生高失效,是非常危的。因此,自档的汽 走下坡路,一定不要用动动动动动动动动动动动D 档行,以防不。即便你自档汽动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动的目的就是了免动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动掉档的麻,也要稍微勤快一点。在低速,入D 档以下的档位,高速再放动动动动动动动动动动心、省事地使用D 档大胆地往前。会有动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动动事半功倍的良好效果。