中国航母舰长人选

中国航母舰长人选 近期，中国首艘航母瓦良格的改装进入尾声，媒体对其即将试航的报道纷纷出现。与此同时，关于中国首艘航母的舰长人选，也进入了媒体和网民的猜测和热烈讨论之中。那么航母舰长应该具有怎样的能力,中国航母方面的人才储备工作又是如何进行的,网易军事将予以独家解读。 航母舰长选拔仅次于核潜艇艇长。美军更明确要求航母舰长必须是舰载机飞行员出身，且具备飞行和操舰经验。 航母舰长选拔要求仅次于核潜艇艇长 航空母舰是当代最大型，也是最复杂的船舶，在大型的航空母舰上的人员超过5000人，各种管线长度超过十万公里，一条十万吨级航母造价相当于数十条三十万吨级油轮。同时航空母舰也是各国海上力量的支柱，担当着海军远洋打击能力的基石，是特混舰队作战的总核心。因为航空母舰的复杂和重要，所以航空母舰的指挥人员选择，都是精挑细选，科学搭配出来的超强班子，在舰长人选选择上要求仅次于长期在封闭空间内领导艇员的核潜艇艇长，可以说每一个航空母舰舰长都是海军部队真正的精英。 美军航母舰长须有舰机两方面经验 以美国海军为例，航空母舰上是三名上校级军官——舰长、飞行联队长和医务长。刨去特殊的医务长，舰长和飞行联队长都必须是舰载机飞行员出身，有着丰富的飞行经验，对于航空作战也有深刻的理解。 航空母舰的体型巨大，所以舰长的操舰经验是需要有大型船舶驾驶经验，同时航空母舰的本质是移动的海上基地，舰长最好要有航空兵场站管理经验。所以美国海军的航母舰长要同时满足3个基本条件:一是必须是海军飞行员或海军空勤军官出身，并有一定的在航空母舰上起降飞行经验和飞行时间;二是被选为航空母舰舰长候选人必须在两栖攻击舰或两栖运输船或货船等大型辅助船上任过舰(船)长，具有操舰、防空、反舰和反潜及管理等方面的知识;三是担任航空母舰舰长前还必须完成两年的课程并考试合格，包括基本军事科目、航空基础理论、海上求生与自救等，要具备相当的战略素养和国际法知识。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 美国“里根”号航母的舰长克拉弗特上校就是一个典型例子。他在海军战斗机飞行中队飞行达3700小时，在航母上的起降次数超过1000次。 航母舰长挑选严格程度远超普通舰艇 航空母舰舰长和驱逐舰舰长虽然一样都是上校军衔，但是挑选严格程度远远超过水面战斗舰艇部队，在担任舰长之前，在上校级别职位上已经有相当丰富履历才能被挑选为航母舰长，很多舰长都是担任过两栖攻击舰舰长以及航母舰载机联队舰长这样的上校级别主官职务。航母一般都设有作战、航空、航海、武器、轮机、医务、供应、安全和飞机中级维修等10个部门。每个部门配部门长和部门长助理各1人，下设若干分队。各部门中，以作战、航空和飞机中级维修这3个部门最为重要。目前来说只有担任过飞行中队长或航母舰载机联队长职务的优秀指挥军官，才有资格成为航母舰长候选人。 以美国“里根”号核动力航母舰长克拉弗特上校为例，他当过战斗机飞行员、飞行中队长、航母大副，参加过美国军方的多次重大军事行动。他在海军战斗机飞行中队飞行达3700小时，在航母上的起降次数超过1000次，获得过海军金质飞行奖章，具有哈佛大学政治科学研究生学位。克拉弗特上校于1992年被调到美太平洋总部，2005年11月17日，被任命为“里根”号航母舰长。 英国现在选拔的航母舰长缺乏技术背景，这也为后来带来的诸多问题埋下伏笔。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 英国航母舰长多从驱逐舰舰长中产生 其他国家航空母舰规模小，结构简单。以英国为例，航空母舰舰长主要从有直升机驾驶经验的驱逐舰舰长中产生。这也是英美两国的区别，美国复杂舰艇的舰长基本从体现该舰特点的部门中产生，而英国各种舰艇的舰长都是来自航海部门，比如美国航母舰长必须来自舰载机飞行员，驱逐舰舰长大部分来自枪炮长，核潜艇舰长一定要从轮机长中选拔，而英国无论航母驱逐舰还是核潜艇，一律都是来自航海长路线。 英国航母舰长选拔方式问题多 这就是美国的工程师传统与英国的海洋传统之间的区别了，英式主要来自于蒸汽动力出现以前的风帆船队的经验，对于越来越复杂的近现代军舰则现出了严重的不适应性，除了一部分炮术专家进入舰长行列以外，大部分舰长都缺乏技术背景，导致舰艇维护工作不利，同时这些航海专家进入高级将领行列后对于技术缺乏认识导致海军技术发展出现了严重问题，甚至出现了认为训练高于仪器用被淘汰的指挥仪重新取代高精度指挥仪的笑话，而这个问题到现在也一直没有解决，英国的高级军官缺乏技术背景使得海军的建造和维护工作出现大量问题，谢菲尔德号的沉没就是痼疾的重要体现;美国一贯重视工程师培训，五星上将尼米兹就是著名的柴油机工程师，是20年代世界上最高水准的柴油机专家之一，美国陆军的西点军校也是世界排名前列的著名工科大学，只有基于严谨的工科教育，才能真正操作好现代化的复杂武器。 在刘华清的积极主导下，中国在1987年开设了首期飞行员舰长班。20多年过去了，当时的明星学员李晓岩和柏耀平已成为最热门的航母舰长人选。 刘华清时期组建飞行员舰长班 中国航空母舰试航在即，航母首任舰长的人选也是网友关注的焦点。由于是第一艘航空母舰，所以其指挥员级别应该较高，舰长应该是大校军衔，正师职干部，必须精通飞行和舰艇指挥。 1987年3月31日，刘华清上将提交了关于海军核心装备——航空母舰和核动力潜艇——的发展规划纲要，在此基础上，为了给航空母舰储备足够的人才，于1987年5月在广州舰艇学院组建了“飞行员舰长班”，从海军航空兵部队抽调优秀人才学习水面舰艇指挥专业，为未来航空母舰准备初期的指挥人才。这个班共招收10名优秀飞行员，最后有9人毕业，目前大部分在正副师职指挥员岗位上。其中的佼佼者李晓岩和柏耀平被认为是航母舰长最有力的竞争者。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 李晓岩和柏耀平是最热门人选 李晓岩，1961年7月出生于吉林长春，1979年7月，选飞进入空军第二航空预备学校，1980年9月，进入空军第八飞行学院 ，1982年9月，取得飞行专业大学专科学历，分配至海军航空兵某师，先后任飞行教官，飞行中队长 至1987年，飞行时数600小时，获得三级飞行员证书，立三等功两次。1987年9月考入海军广州舰艇学院飞行员舰长班，1991年1月毕业，获得舰艇指挥专业本科学历和工学学士学位。2000年9月，任167号“深圳”驱逐舰舰长，2004年7月，出任南海舰队驱逐舰第九支队参谋长。 柏耀平，1962年生于安徽淮南，1980年7月招飞入伍，经飞行学院系统培训后，被分配到海军航空兵某部任歼击机飞行员。1987年9月考取海军第一期“飞行员舰长班”，由飞行员改学水面舰艇指挥专业。毕业后，历任海军542舰副舰长、舰长，海军37572部队参谋长，任海军东海舰队某驱逐舰支队舰长，现任大连海军舰艇学院副院长。 葫芦岛舰载机训练基地的卫星图。在葫芦岛舰载机训练基地的飞行指挥员因为学习了航母作战的系统知识和操作，也让他们具备了入选中国航母舰长的可能。 飞行员舰长综合能力有欠缺 虽然看起来这个飞行员舰长班跟美国的舰长选拔类似，但是也存在着自身的大量问题，在入学后，这些飞行员都放弃了飞行专业，也就是说他们已经二十几年基本没有从事过飞行工作，特别是最近十年来的舰载机岸上设施训练他们也没有参与，而且他们入学之前基本都是普通飞行员，缺乏指挥经历特别是场站管理经历，如果后面中国首艘航空母舰的舰长从他们中产生，那么管理航空母舰这样具有高度综合性的舰艇对他们来说，仍是一个很大的挑战。 另一批可能的航母舰长人选 另外目前来看，中国还有一批正在葫芦岛舰载机训练基地接受培训的主要中高级飞行指挥员。这一批飞行员在乌克兰的尼特卡系统开始接受了航空母舰航空系统培训，同时在国内组织场站建设、新飞行员训练以及飞行团队组织，本身对于航空母舰的作战、航空、武器部门有深刻的掌握，也熟悉大型飞行场站的管理。相比李晓岩和柏耀平这批最早的飞行员舰长，他们缺乏航海、轮机管理经验，但是我们可以通过加强航海和轮机等部门管理人员配置来着手，使得他们可以放手管理航空作战，因此其实他们中也有可能产生出中国的首艘航母人选。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of 中国未来的航母舰长人选 在航母舰长人选的持续培训上，中国也已经启动了相关。据解放军报报道，自2008年9月开始，海军大连舰艇学院将对接收的首批50名海军舰载机飞行学员进行入学教育，这一批学员将独立于原有的海军航空兵部队教学模式，直接针对舰载机部队进行培训，在学习飞行技术的同时还将学习一些舰艇部队的基础课程，中国更远未来的航空母舰舰长应该是从他们中产生。 尽管中国在24年前就开始了航母舰长的人才储备工作，但由于航母人员训练和培养所牵涉面甚广，最早一批培养出来的飞行员舰长在培训时以及之后在海军水面舰艇的服役中，没有经历过航母舰长成长所需要经历的一些必要阶段，他们的综合能力仍有欠缺。 但时间让中国海军在航母人才的培养上有了一个学习和完善过程。海军在后面不仅加强了地面设施建设——包括葫芦岛舰载机训练基地等等，也加强了人才的系统培养——08年开设舰载机飞行学员班，毫无疑问这将让以后的航母人才在能力上更加全面。 中国航母人才的培养经历现在看来，就如同中国当年寻求航母一样曲折。 consciousness of malfeasance at catching good honest, practical action into ideas and County, the County discipline Inspection Commission of the deployment and requirements, adhere to the County and the County discipline Inspection Commission report implementation of clean two responsibilities. 2. clear a gang two accountability responsibilities. Early each year organize conferences, in charge of the leadership, departments, units of the town clean and studied anti-corruption work deployments, according to a gang dual accountability requirements, clear roles and responsibilities for members of the leading body of the Party Committee, put a gang two accountability targets, develop work plans, organizations honest responsibility, urged the team members to actively fulfil a gang double duty. Urged the first responsibility of grass-roots party branch secretaries to perform duties, efforts to form a team in unison, and the linkage of the work of the Party Committee. 3. pay close attention to the construction of a clean and honest government regulations implemented. Conscientiously implement the responsibility of uncorrupted, really formed by system in politics, according to the rules, effective mechanisms for the management of the system. First, build and improve the conversation reminded party members and cadres education system, auditing system of cadres, 18, for the full implementation of responsibility of uncorrupted to provide favorable institutional safeguards. Second, persist in combining focused inspections and special inspections, paying careful attention to supervision, implementation of the special inspection and the system of democratic appraisal of