汽车车身油漆色差匹配与目视色差控制

汽车车身油漆色差匹配与目视色差控制 技 师 答 辩 论 文 钻石银色差问题分析与调整 工种: 汽车涂装生产线工 姓名: 申报等级:技师 工作单位: 培训单位: 日期: 2013.年11月 日 fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui 车身油漆色差匹配目视色差控制 内容摘要及关键词 内容摘要:通过对颜色、目视和色差仪的基本介绍，了解色差测量的原理;在介绍车身油漆颜色匹配控制的同时，重点阐述在XX车制造系统中，当漆后车身颜色(出现色差)匹配过程中，色差仪测量数据不能满足调整需要时，XX目视色差控制方法对钻石银色相调整的作用。 关键词:颜色、色差仪，漆后车身、颜色匹配、Willing booth、目视色差评判。 前言 随着汽车市场的发展，乘用车进入家庭的不断普及，用户对于所购买车辆要求也在不断提高。以前，顾客挑选汽车主要是看性能，只要性能好，其他都是次要的。而 - - 1 - - 随着汽车性能的提高以及品质的增加，外观日渐成为顾客挑选汽车的首选要素;而车身颜色的匹配问题逐渐突显出来～ 现在车身各部位大量使用不同厂家生产的外协件时，底材和不同，对涂装厂油漆颜色的控制提出了更高的要求。所以根据多年的色差考核，在本文中以钻石银色差匹配为例，通过介绍油漆色差仪器数据问题和XX独特的目视检查色差控制方法。对色差问题进行分析，查找原因，调整油漆色相，改进钻石银色差匹配问题。 一、颜色基本原理 颜色是一种通过观察者的眼睛所捕获的光线刺激(波长、强度等等)，并在头脑中形成的解释。 色彩的3种特质: 1、色相(Hue):是区分不同彩色的视觉属性，它取决于光源的光谱组成以及物体表面对各种波长可见光的反射比例，是表示物体的颜色质的方面的特性，色相就是物体呈现各种颜色的特性。 2、明度(Lighting):是人眼对物体明亮程度的感觉，明度不仅取决定物体照明程度，而且取决于物体表面的反射系数。如果我们看到的光线来源于光源，那么明度决定了光源的强度。如果我们看到的是来源于物体表面反射的光线，那么明度决定于照明的光源的强度和物体表面的反射系数。 3、彩度(Chroma)通俗意义上来讲，就是颜色的鲜艳程度。是指色彩的纯度，通常以某彩色的的同色名纯色所占的比例，来分辨彩度的高低，纯色比例高为彩度高，纯色比例低为彩度低，在色彩鲜艳状况下，我们通常很容易感觉高彩度，但有时不易作出正确的判断，因为容易受到明度得影响， 二、色差测量原理 色差仪的设计是借助了现在比较流行的Lab色彩模型的原理(见图一 LAB色彩模型)，而在(CIELAB)Lab色彩模型中，L*为明度，+L*为白色方向，-L*为黑色方向。a*、b*为色度坐标，其中+a*为红色方向，-a*为绿色方向，+b*为黄色方向，-b*为蓝色方向，中心为无色或在实际工作中标定色板标准数值。L*、a*、b*是受到孟塞尔颜色系统的强烈影响，可用简单公式从 XYZ 计算出来。 fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui 图一 LAB色彩模型 如CIELAB色度空间中的两个色度值(L*样品数值，a*样品数值，b*样品数值)和(L*标准数值，a*标准数值，b*标准数值)之间的色差?Eab*(平均值)由以下公式计算决定的。 Eab*=[(?L*)2+(?a*)2+(?b*)2]1/2 ? 其中:?L*=L*样品数值-L*标准数值(明度差异)，?a*=a*样品数值-a*标准数值 (红/绿差异)，?b*=b*样品数值-b*标准数值(黄/蓝差异) ?L*为正值，样品颜色偏亮。?L*为负值，样品颜色偏暗。 ?a*为正值，样品颜色偏红。?a*为负值，样品颜色偏绿。 ?b*为正值，样品颜色偏黄。?b*为负值，样品颜色偏蓝。 ?Eab*平均值评价色差，?Eab*值越小表示色差越小，?Eab*值越大表示色差越大。 色差的数值是通过色差仪进行数据的采集技术得出的，基本油漆工厂(大部分汽车厂都是利用色差仪对颜色进行考核)，针对出现的色差问题，也主要是根据色差仪数据进行调整的。 三、XX漆后车身色差目视考核法 1、色差目视检查等级评判 XX汽车色差控制系统采用的色差目视考核方法，是XX公司在长期工作中，发现色 - - 3 - - 差仪测量数据不能满足色差控制后，通过大量人员、标准光源、数据积累、试验，最 后归纳出目视色差考核，在标准光源下，借鉴色差仪角度，进行评判的5个等级(见 图二 单色项评判等级和图三 双色项评判等级)评判方法。 图二 单色项评判等级 fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui 图三 双色项评判等级 图二、三缩写和定义: OK : 放行(合格) C.OK: 有条件放行(有条件合格) N.OK: 不放行(不合格) 2.色差目视检查方法要求 2.1、首先目视检查需要人员专业;在人员选择上是有严格规定，由于部分人的辨色能力缺陷，目视检查人员还要进行严格的(Farnsworth100 hue)色块辨色能力测试(见图四 色块图)，测试眼睛辨色能力是否正常。完成测试后合格人员，才能进行色差评定等级和色差评定培训，通过色差专家对被评定人进行长期的色差匹配报告 - - 5 - - 数据积累，确认被评定人是否可以进行色差考核。如果目视者连续工作，色差目视的准确度会逐渐下降。因此，在工作中需要适当的休息，恢复人眼对色差的敏感度。 图四 色块图 2.2、在标准光源的选择上;目视考核要求在Willing(人造标准光源)光源下进行，使用Willing公司照明亮度1000流明的颜色对比白炽灯，避免光反射对颜色匹配的影响。 2.3、检查位置的要求;要求专业目视检查员要在Willing booth专用考核间内，人员 ?,30?,-20?三个标准角度转换，保证所站三个位置处于平行，先确严格按照位置0 定垂直0?，再确定其它两个角度位置。灯光位置随着所看部位不同，进行调整。只有每一步骤达到标准要求才能对车身的机盖、左前翼子板、左后翼子板、软鼻子、左前保险杠、左后保险杠进行色差匹配做出客观评判(见图五 色差目视位置)。 图五 色差目视位置 同时考核员要根据色差评判目视匹配5个等级，对所看部位结果在记录单上填写，如fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui C.OK或N.OK需要通知相关部门根据目视结果进行颜色调整。 四、漆后车身色差匹配问题分析控制 1、色差仪与目视结果的矛盾 在工作中发现针对一些浅色或新颜色匹配放行时，色差仪检测数据很微小，不需要调整，但站在用户的角度实际观察，却有较明显的色差现象出现。按照传统的方法，目视只能发现有无色差，无法对油漆色相进行判定与调整。2013年7月19日XX钻石银颜色批次试板检查阶段，根据色差仪测量数据与目视结果OK放行。在之后的生产中，喷涂成车后，色差仪检测数据均显示正常，但在匹配时左前翼子板与保险杠出现了明显的目视差异。如果调整就要有色相调整方向和程度的问题，而色差仪所检测数据在 却不能准确做出油漆色相改进方向的指导。 这个时候， 2、钻石银在生产中的色差匹配问题 2013年8月22日WSA在线检验反映钻石银成车目视有明显色差问题，色差仪测量数据显示没有较大偏差，显示正常(见图六 色差仪测量数据)，无法进行调整。这样通过Willing booth目视评判，色差目视结果却显示保险杠明项超差;(见图七 XX目视报告)，数据与目视报告间存在差异，目视报告给我们指出了明度、绿项色差超差较大问题。 - - 7 - - 图六 色差仪测量数据 图七 XX目视报告 3、钻石银油漆色差仪测量数据分析。 对2013年所有XX钻石银考核数据记录进行对比分析过程中，发现色差仪测量的数据在位置、人员的不同时，或角度多变，不平整的车身部位(如前后翼子板)，检测结果会出现偏差。所以针对钻石银色差问题车辆，跟踪测量色差问题车前后10辆时，按照同一部位，同一方向，同一角度，同一人员方法进行跟踪测量(见图八 前后20辆车跟踪测量数据)。证明10辆车保险杠测量数据与问题车辆保险杠测量数据基本一至，数据显示没有色差问题。综上所述色差仪测量数据因为钻石银的双色相属性，无法对色差问题进行色相调整。 色差问题跟踪测量示意图 10.930.910.910.90.90.880.880.870.860.860.830.830.830.820.820.820.820.810.810.80.79 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1辆2辆3辆4辆5辆6辆7辆8辆9辆10辆11辆12辆13辆14辆15辆16辆17辆18辆19辆20辆-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.22-0.22-0.23-0.24-0.25-0.28-0.28-0.28-0.3-0.3-0.3-0.31-0.4 前保险杠明暗标准值前翼子板明暗 图八 前后20辆车跟踪测量数据 fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui 4、钻石银油漆保险杠色差原因分析 首先根据XX目视色差评判结果，要求外协厂家进行切片测量漆膜厚度，因为材料遮盖力不足会影响颜色的明暗。所以漆厚是否在总差值49μm-69μm公差范围，就是分析色差明暗问题的重要条件。但根据切片测量报告，证明保险杠漆膜厚度没有超出公差范围问题，不会对明暗、绿项影响。(见图九 保险杠切片膜厚记录) 图九 保险杠切片膜厚记录 5按色差报告对色相调整 对于钻石银出现的目视色差问题(见图六 XX目视报告)，根据XX色差目视报告指出明度、绿项按XX目视检查，超出色差等级标准。要求外协厂家油漆供应商，对钻石银这一漆色在下一批次漆色调整时，加黑，降绿项进行微调试验。2013.年9月4日调整后喷涂实验件，在Willing booth色差间再次进行目视检查评判。结果显示，色差仪测量数据黑项数值增加，目视全部OK(见图十 两辆试验车色差仪数据及目视报告)。这样在新批次中按照如上调整后色相喷涂，解决了钻石银色差匹配问题。 - - 9 - - 图十 两辆试验车色差仪数据及目视报告 fast boat. "Moon Pro Power pole and offshore to quickly open bow. See trailing people around the Lake called "shake up, us a lift boat!......" Shen Yuezhen stood in the bow, holding a small pistol, briskly humming "Bella Ciao". Person she wanted to send guns to the Jiangsu Taihu anti-Japanese volunteer station, look for a long time never met comrade ... ... (13) Qian Guibao intensive care wounded soldiers during the war, Zhu Xi Yao bang Tao Yuan San Min, based in this village, where good mass base. In May 1939, Zhu Xi transfer 9 wounded guerrilla, Yao bang due to injury. Qian Guibao, consciously take on the task of caring for the wounded villagers, they are wounded daily diet, taken care of. A few days later, 3 injured from wounds, medical treatment failed, died. Qian Guibao, arranged to buy the coffin, washing the bodies, buried on the spot. After 10 days, the remaining number of wounded was ordered to transfer to other places. Qian Guibao, villagers ' enthusiasm to take care of the wounded, reflect the people's support of anti-Japanese patriotism. (14) mountain Bao Dai Xiuchang, eager to help the underground resistance movement in May 1939, the party member Zhuang Shaozhen according to instructions, came to the Tomb area car dam the resistance movement. He organized the Wujiang administrative team, run evening classes, to introduce youth to turn, the army's case against Japan, revolutionary Outlook on life education; by teaching the Feng Yang, the nation, said song, the sword marches such as songs and organize cultural tours and other activities, mobilize the masses, unite against Japan. Scope of activities in the joy Temple works, Miao and Hui 六、结语 综上所述，在对钻石银色差问题进行色相调整时，色差仪测量数据，却不能对问题颜色进行色相调整。所以XX目视色差匹配方法，在钻石银匹配色差问题调整过程中，直接指导色相的调整。有了颜色色相的方向，才能根据色相查找具体的问题。同时XX目视色差匹配的控制方法更接近用户的要求，满足目视匹配放行的需要。为漆后车身、外饰件的色差控制，提供了一个新的、科学的控制方法，为今后不同颜色的色差控制工作拓宽了思路。 参考文献: 作者:廖海进 中国高等院校设计类专业教材:色彩构成 时间2010年3月1日 - - 11 - -