元音音素和辅音音素2

元音音素和辅音音素2 元音音素和辅音音素: 单元音(12个): 长元音:[i:][ɑ:][?:][u:][?:] 短元音:[?][e][æ][^][?][?][?] 双元音(8个):[a?][e?][??][??][??][a?][e?][??] 清辅音(11个):[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][ts][t?][tr][h] 浊辅音(15个):[b][d][g][v][z][ð][?][dz][d?][dr][l][r][m][n][?] 半元音(2个):[w][j] 国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系 —从音标到字母和字母组合 单元音: [i:]: ? e: he she me we ? ea: tea eat meat ? ee: see tree see ? ei: receive ? ey: key ? i: police policeman policewoman machine ? eo: people ? ie: piece field believe thief [?]: ? a: orange cabbage ? ay: Sunday holiday ? e: begin English pretty cinema ? ey: monkey ? i: it is in big ? y: city very sorry ? u: busy ? ui: build building ? ai: captain [e]: ? a: any many anyone ? ai: said ? ay: says ? e: pen bed yes egg desk ? ea: bread head breakfast ? u: bury [æ]: a: bag am and at sad [ɑ:]: ? a: class banana father after ? al: half palm ? ar: car far park arm star ? au: aunt laugh ? ear: heart [^]: ? o: come none love other ? oo: blood flood ? ou: touch country enough young ? u: bus sun but cut up us [?:]: ? ear: learn earth early heard ? er: her term ? ir: first girl bird skirt sir third ? or: work word world ? ur: nurse turn hurt Thursday ? yr: myrtle ? our: journalist journal [?]: ? a:along about banana Canana China ? e:student open children different ? i:holiday April ? o:today welcome police ? u:minus autumn ? er:father mother brother sister ? or:doctor forget mirror ? ar:sugar ? re:metre tired fire ? ou:delicious previous ? ur:surprise Saturday ? our:colour ? ure:picture pleasure ? oar:cupboard ? yr:martyr satyr [u:]: ? ew: flew grew review Jew ? o: do to who ? oo: too zoo food pool boot school ? ou: soup group through ? u: blue glue June ? ui: fruit juice ? oe: shoe [u]: ? o: woman wolf ? oo: book look good foot ? oul: could would should ? u: put sugar full push [?]: ?([w])a: want wash watch what ?o: hot on not sorry ?ou: cough ?au: Australia [?:]: ?(w)a: water ?al: all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall ?([w])ar: warm quarter ?au: August autumn daughter ?aw: draw saw law ?oor: door floor ?ore: more before ?or: or for short sport ?ou: bought brought thought ?our: four your ?awe: awe awed aweless ?oar: board blackboard cardboard ?o: story 双元音: [a?]: ?i: time like nice fine five ?y: my by why ?i(g): sign high light right ?ie: die lie tie [e?]: ?a:name cake game face ?ai:rain train wait ?ay: day may okay play today ?ei: veil vein ?ei(gh): eight eighteen eighty ?ey: they ?ea: great break [??]: ?e: zero cereal serious ?ea: real really idea cereal ?ere: here ?ear:ear dear hear near clear ?eer: beer deer pioneer [??]: ?o: go no nose home ?ow: show know yellow window ?oa: goat boat ?ou: shoulder though ?oe: woe [??]: ?ure:sure ?oor:poor ?our:tour [a?]: ? ou: out about house blouse ? ow: how now cow [e?]: ? air: air hair chair ? are: care hare parent ? ear: pear wear bear ?ere: there where ?eir: their theirs ?a: Mary [??]: ? oi: oil toilet boil soil ? oy: boy toy employee 辅音: 清辅成对辅音: [p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[ð] [?]-[ ?] [ts]-[dz] [t?]-[ d?] [tr]-[dr] 清音浊化:清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如:sport[sp?:t]，student[‘stju:d?nt]， sky[ska?], street[stri:t]。 但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读清辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如:hostess[‘h??st?s]。 [p]:?p:pen map help cheap pencil paper ?pp:apple happy appear [b]:?b:bag by bed boy bus blue ?bb:rabbit cabbage [t]:?t:ten time not get table ?tt:bottle bottom little pretty ?ed:watched washed cooked helped danced [d]:?d:desk door day dog ?dd:add daddy middle ?ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried [k]:?c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc ?cc: occasion according occupy acclaim ?ch:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach ?k:book bike cake kite Kate look ?ck:black duck clock jacket cock ?q:Iraq coq ?que:unique technique [g]:?g:go girl big get ?gg:egg bigger biggest ?gu:guess ?gue:dialogue ?gh:ghyll ghost [f]:?f:five fish fine family fifteen ?ph:photo phone elephant photograph ?gh:laugh enough ?ff:off coffee [v]:?v:very five have ?f:of [s]:?c:nice city cycle ?s:sit six some bus use us desk books ?ss:miss class glass grass ?sc:science scene ?ps:psalm psywar [z]:?s:is his please music lose husband apples ?es:leaves thieves knives wives ?z:zoo zero ?zz:buzz [θ]:th:threethankmonththin [ð]:?th:this the with than ?the:breathe soythe [?]:?sh:she shoe short shop wash ?s:sure Asia ?c: special sufficient delicious ?t:station national patient ?ss:Russia profession ?ch:machine [?]:?s:usually television pleasure ?z:seizure ?ge:garage [ts]:?ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats ?t’s:Let’s ?tes:kites gates dates ?zz:pizza [dz]:?ds:beds birds hands friends ?des:decides [t?]:?ch:chair much lunch China ?tch:watch ?t: picture question [d?]:?g(e):age page huge orange ?g:gentle gentleman general ?dge:bridge porridge judge ?j:jump jacket just June Jim ?ch:sandwich [tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth [dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children 单个辅音: [h]:?h:he her have hand head hair ?(w)h:who whom whose [l]:?l:let look please lake people ?ll:tell full till bell ?(t)l(e):whistle [r]:?r:red right three ?rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot ?(w)r:write wrong [m]:?m:man meat meet time ?mm:common communicate ?m(b):climb lamb ?m(n):autumn [n]:?n:name nice nine near under ?(k)n:know knife ?nn:Ann ?(m)n:mnemonics [?]:?ng:sing long young morning ?n(k):thank think ink pink ?n(g):English [w]:?w:we window work walk ?w(h):what why where white [j]:?y:yes you year yellow ?j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap ?i:onion review million billion brilliant behaviour ?e:Europe 国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系 —从字母和字母组合到音标 ?.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音 a在重读开音节中读[e?]:name cake game face a在重读闭音节中读[æ]:bag am and at sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]:class fast grasp ask father after dance graph a在[w]后读[?]或[?:]:want what water[w?:t?] a在ny前读[e]:any many a弱读时读[?]:along about banana Canana China a在非重读音节中读[?]:orange cabbage a读[e?]:Mary ai读[e?]:rain train wait ai读[?]:captain ai读[e]:said ay读[e?]:day may okay play today ay弱读读[?]:Sunday holiday ay读[e]:says air读[e?]:air hair chair al在多数辅音字母前读[?:](f,m除外):all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall al还读[?:l](特别当后面不是k,f,m时):also salt al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]:half palm ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]::car far park arm star ar在[w]后读[?:]:warm quarter ar弱读读[?]:sugar are读[e?]:care hare parent ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]:class glass grass pass au在重读音节中读[?:]:August autumn daughter au读[?]:Australia au还读作[ɑ:]:aunt laugh aw在重读音节中读[?:]:draw saw law awe读[?:]:awe awed aweless ?. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音 e在重读开音节中读[i:]:he she me we e在重读闭音节中读[e]:pen bed yes egg desk e在非重读音节中读[?]:begin English pretty cinema e弱读读[?]:student open children different e读[??]:zero cereal serious e读[j]:Europe ea在重读音节中读[i:]:tea eat meat ea读[e]:bread head breakfast ea读[e?]:great break ea读[??]:real really idea cereal ear读[?:]:learn earth early heard ear读[e?]:pear wear bear ear读[??]:ear dear hear near clear ear读[ɑ:]:heart ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]([t]除外):watched washed cooked helped danced ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外):played cleaned climbed answered arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried ed在[t][d]后读[?d]:wanted needed ee在重读音节中读[i:]:see tree see eer读[??]:beer deer pioneer ei读[i:]:receive ei读[e?]:veil vein ei在gh前读[e?]:eight eighteen eighty eir读[e?]:their theirs eo读[i:]:people er在重读闭音节中读[?:]:her term er在非重读音节中读[?]:father mother brother sister ere读[??]:here ere读[e?]:there where es在浊辅音([?][?][ d?]除外)及元音后，es发[z]:leaves thieves knives wives potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories es在[s][z][?][?][t?][d?]后读[?z]:buses blouses dishes garages watches oranges ew读[ju:]:new newspaper review ew在l,r,j后读[u:]:flew grew Jew ex读[eks]:exercise exit ex读[?ks]:excle expensive extinct ex读[?gz]:exam examination exactly ey读[i:]:key ey读[?]:monkey valley ey读[e?]:they ?. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音 i在重读开音节中读[a?]:time like rice i在重读闭音节中读[?]:big six sit i读[i:]:police policeman policewoman machine i弱读读[?]:holiday April i在非重读音节中读[?]:taxi i读[j]:onion review million billion brilliant behaviour i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]:dialogue quiet pioneer i在g前读[a?]:sign high light right i在nd前读[a?]:find behind i在ld前读[a?]:child i在re前读[a?]:fire tired retire ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]:piece field believe thief ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]:lie die ir在重读音节中读[?:]:bird girl first ?.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音 o在重读开音节中读[??]:go no nose home o在辅音字母st,ld前读[??]:post old o在重读闭音节中读[?]:hot on not sorry o读[?:]:story o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]:come none love other o读[u:]:do to who o在w后读[?]:woman wolf o在非重读音节中读[?]:today policeman oa在重读音节中读[??]:boat coat oar读[?:]:board blackboard cardboard oar读[?]:cupboard oe读[??]:woe oe读[u:]:shoe oi读[??]:oil toilet boil soil oo一般读[u:]:too zoo food pool boot school oo在d,k和少数t前读[?]:book look good foot oo读[^]:blood flood oor读[?:]:door floor oor读[??]:poor or在重读音节中读[?:]:or for short sport or在[w]后读[?:]:work word world or读[?]:doctor forget mirror ore读[?:]:more before ou在多数情况下读[a?]:out about house blouse ou在ght前读[?:]:bought brought thought ou读[^]:touch country enough young ou读[u:]:soup group through ou读[??]:shoulder though ou读[?]:cough ou读[?]:delicious previous oul读[?]:could would should our读[?:]:four your our读[?:]:journalist journal our读[?]:colour our读[??]:tour our读[a??]:our hour ow读[a?]:how now cow ow读[??]:show know yellow window owe或ower读[a??]:towel flower oy读[??]:boy toy employee ?. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音 u在重读开音节中读[ju:]:student Tuesday u在重读闭音节中读[^]:bus sun but cut up us u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]:June fluency February Sue u在重读闭音节中还读[?]:put sugar full push u在非重读音节中读[?]:minus autumn u读[?]:busy minute u读[e]:bury ui读[ju:]或[j??,ju: ?]:suit suicide l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[??,u: ?]:sluise fruit juice fluid ruin ui读[?]:build building ur在重读音节中读[?:]:nurse turn hurt Thursday ur读[?]:surprise Saturday ure读[??]:sure ure在非重读音节中读[?]:picture pleasure ure在重读音节中读[j??]:cure ?.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音 b读[b]:bag by bed boy bus blue bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音:debt climb comb bb读[b]:rabbit cabbage c在字母e,i,y前读[s]:nice city cycle c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc c+ia,ie,io时，c读[?]:special sufficient delicious cc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]:occasion according occupy acclaim cc+e,i时，cc读[ks]:accept accident ch读[t?]:chair much lunch China ch读[k]:school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach ch读[?]:machine ch读[d?]:sandwich ck读[k]:black duck clock jacket cock d读[d]:desk door day dog dd读[d]:add daddy middle dge读[d?]:bridge porridge judge dr读[dr]:dress drive hundred children ds读[dz]:beds birds hands friends des读[dz]:decides f读[f]:five fish fine family fifteen f读[v]:of ff读[f]:off coffee ften读[f?n]:often g读[g]:go girl big get g在e前读[d?]:age page huge orange g读[d?]:gentle gentleman general gg读[g]:egg bigger biggest ge读[?]:garage gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音:right eight straight bought daughter gh读[f]:laugh enough gh在词首时，读[g]:ghyll ghost gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声:sign phlegm gu在词首读[g]:guess gu在词中读[gw]:language gue在词尾读[g]:dialogue h读[h]:he her have hand head hair h不发音:hour wh读[w]:what why where white wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose gh在词首时，h不发音:ghyll ghost j读[d?]:jump jacket just June Jim j读[j]:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap k读[k]:book bike cake kite Kate look kn在词首时，k不发音:know knife l读[l]:let look please lake people ll读[l]:tell full till bell m读[m]:man meat meet time mb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声:climb comb mm读[m]:common mn在词首读[n]:mnemonics mn在词中时，读[mn]:columnist mn在词尾时，n常无声:autumn column n读[n]:name nice nine near under n在[k][g]前读[?]:pink English n在k后读[n]:know knife n在m后读[n]:mnemonics nn读[n]:Ann ng在词尾读[?]:sing long young morning ng在词中读[?g]:English finger nk读[?k]:thank think ink pink p读[p]:pen map help cheap pencil paper pp读[p]:apple happy appear ph读[f]:photo phone elephant photograph ps在词首时，p常不发音:psalm psywar q读[k]:Iraq coq qu在词首读[kw]:queen quick que在词尾读[k]:unique technique r读[r]:red right three rr读[r]:sorry worry hurry carry carrot wr读[r]:write wrong s在词首读[s]:sit six some s在清辅音后读[s]:books likes s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]:apples windows s读[z](尤其是在两个元音字母之间):his is please music 元音字母+s+无音e:?n.,adj.读[s]:base use ?v.读[z]:lose use 词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]:desk husband s读[?]:sure Asia s读[?]:usually television pleasure sion读[??n]:television decision sten读[s?n]:listen stle读[stl]:whistle sure读[??]:pleasure sc+i,e,y读[s]:science scene scythe sc+a,o,u读[sk]:scarf score scud ss读[s]:miss class glass grass ss读[?]:Russia profession ssion读[??n]:expression sh读[?]:she shoe short shop wash t读[t]:ten time not get table t读[t?]:picture question tch读[t?]:watch t+ia,ie时，t读[?]:martial patient sten,ften,stle中，t无声:listen often whistle tes读[ts]:kites gates dates tt读[t]:bottle bottom little pretty tion读[??n]:station national patient [s]+tion时读[t??n]:question th读[θ]:three thank month thin th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[ð]:this the with than 词尾the读[ð]:breathe soythe 词尾ther读[ð?]:father mother brother sister tr读[tr]:tree trip try true truth ts读[ts]:shirts hurts coats costs goats t’s读[ts]:Let’s ture读[t??]:picture v读[v]:very five have w读[w]:we window work walk w不发音:two wh读[w]:what why where white wh在o前读[h]:who whom whose wr在词首读[r]，w无声:write wrong x读[ks]:box six excuse next x读[gz]:exam exact example y在重读开音节中读[a?]:my by why y在重读闭音节中读[?]:city very sorry y在词首读[j]:yes you year yellow yr读[?:]:myrtle yr读[a??]:martyr satyr yre读[?]:tyre byre z读[z]:zoo zero z读[?]:seizure zz读[z]:buzz zz读[ts]:pizza