动词的过去式和过去分词
英语动词过去式规则变化
[1] e结尾的情况:
e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile--smiled; hope--hoped. ie结尾动词,直接加d: died; tied.
[2] 双辅音结尾的情况:
两个辅音字母(consonant)结尾的, 直接加ed: helped; learned. [3]两个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:
两个元音(vowels :a ,e, i, o, u)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词,直接加ed: rained; heated. [4] 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况:
一个元音(vowel)加一个辅音字母结尾的动词:
(1) 对单音节(one-syllable)单词,双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.
如. stopped; planned;
(2) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第一个音节处,不双写加ed. 如: visited(重读在vis前); offered(重读在of前);
(3) 对双音节(two-syllable)单词,如果重读在第二个音节处,双写词尾辅音字母加ed.
如: preferred(重读在fer前); admitted(重读在mit前); referred; deferred; [5] y结尾的情况:
元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed.
辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried; studied.
读法:
[6]在清辅音后读作[t]。如:asked, helped, watched, stopped [7]在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如:enjoyed, studied, moved, called [8]在t / d后读作[id]。如:wanted, needed
构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式) work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
(4)、重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音)结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词,见不规则表
不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳
不规则动词过去式和过去分词 (2006年最新创作,极品珍藏,初三 )
A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.
cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read
读音 /e/
lie---lied---lied 说谎 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋 lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是, :t,
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told
3. 动词原形中i为a, „ sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat 4. 动词原形中i为o, „ win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined 5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood
6. 动词原形中的ay为ai,„ say----said----said pay----paid----paid 7. a)动词原形中的d为t,„ send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , „ smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost c ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, „ learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 读音/e/
d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung ----hung
C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become
D. 原形,过去式, 和 过去分词完全不同
1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式,改成u变成过去分词(
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式,在原形词尾加n变成过去分词(
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似) 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,故把它们分为一类(
a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式,在词尾加n变成过去分词(
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written
(双写t )
ride----rode----ridden (双写d )
b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词( speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken
c ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词(
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten (双写t,加en ) d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen
take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (双写d ) E. 没有过去分词的动词
can ----- could , may---- might , shall---- should, will ---- would , 其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did-----
done
draw-----drew----- drawn, :, go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不规则动词的过去式 (初二)
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,
如下:
1. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。过去分词不变(如:
become—became, come—came
2(把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,
3(把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote 4(动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5(动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7(改动词原形中的aw ,ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed) 8(动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9(动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10(以ought和aught结尾,且读音是, :t,的过去式。如: bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught 11(以ould结尾且读音为,ud,的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12(在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hear,hi ,—heard,h :d,, say,sei,—said,sed,,
mean,mi:n,—meant,ment,, dream—dreamt ,dremt,
13(动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read,red,,set—set
14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15(不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell, feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have ,has— had,hide—hid, hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may— might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke, wear—wore
元音:a e i o u