母乳喂养的好处

母乳喂养的好处 母乳是天然的和最理想的哺育后代的食品。但是，有些做母亲的愿意用牛奶喂养婴儿，而不愿给婴儿喂自己的奶，除了因工作或其它原因外，不了解喂母乳的好处，也是一个原因。用母乳喂养婴儿有哪些好处呢, 1、母乳的营养成分较完备，各种成分的配合比较适当，达到婴儿的需要，尤其对6个月以内的婴儿更为适合。以牛奶和母乳比较，牛奶中蛋白质的含量比母乳高2倍，但母乳中含的多半是容易消化的乳白蛋白，牛奶中含水量的多半是能在婴儿胃里凝成块的不易消化酪蛋白。牛奶中的乳糖含量比母乳少1/3，而且属于甲型乳糖，有促进大肠杆菌生长的作用，容易引起婴铆腹泻。牛奶中含脂肪量与母乳相似，但其脂肪球较大，容易引起消化不良。牛奶中矿物质的含量比母乳的含量多，但正常婴儿体内矿物质储存较多，母乳已能满足需要。维生素的含量牛奶多于母乳，但牛奶在煮沸消毒后，维生素C已有不少被破坏，而母乳内含的维生素不易被破坏。母乳还含有促进脑组织发育的脂及酸，和各类专用霉，有利于营养物质的消化。南京儿童保健研究所对单用母乳养、混合喂养(母乳不足加代乳品)和人工喂养三组婴儿进行比较，母乳喂养组织婴儿身高的增长比其它两组织明，患佝偻病及营养不良性贫血者则明显少于其它两组。 2、母乳的成分能随着发育的需要相应地发生变化。产后1-2天内发泌的乳汁叫初乳，色黄质稀，含有较多的蛋白质和固体在成分，还有轻泻作用，用利于新生儿排出胎粪。随着新手儿生长和发育，母乳逐渐变浓，量也增多，到6个月在右达到最高峰，以满足婴儿需要，这是任何其它乳类所不及的，这也是它独具的特殊优点。 3、母乳含有多量抗体。新生儿能从母乳中获得免疫体，婴儿在6个月内很少得麻疹、小儿麻痹、腮腺炎等传染病。曾观察到母乳喂养的新生儿以胃肠道、呼吸道和耳部的感染抵抗力比喂牛奶的要强些。国外有人统计，在因病、在因病死亡的婴儿中，母乳喂养的只占七分之一，这与母乳中含有多种类型的抗体，能帮助婴儿抵抗多种疾病在关，这种抗体是其它乳品和代用品所没有的。 4、母乳的温度宜于婴儿食用而且清洁、新鲜，随时可食用，被污染的机会较少。 5、在产后哺乳，还可能帮助产妇的子宫收缩，使子宫早日恢复正常。母亲用自己的乳汁喂婴儿，可密切的母子感情，可使小儿获得更多的母爱，也有利于婴儿早期的智力发育，还可帮助尽快减去怀孕期所增加的体重，恢复到正常的状态。自己哺育婴儿还能减少一些经济开支。凡是在分娩后有奶的健康母亲，最好尽量自己哺育婴儿，如果因病(如结核、肝脏疾患等)或某些特殊原因不能坚持长期哺育婴儿者，最好先用母乳哺养婴儿6个月至少哺育3个月后，然后再用其它方法喂养。 母乳喂养的十大好处 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 1、 母乳喂养有利于婴儿健康成长，母乳中特别是初乳，含有婴儿所需要的丰富营养，是任何乳制品不可替代的优质乳，婴儿能吮吸到母乳，对婴儿的健康成长是十分有益的，可谓是百益无害。 2、 母乳喂养有利于产妇恢复身体健康。新妈妈通过生产，使身体、精神都发生了变化，如果产后能采用母乳喂养法，就能帮助产妇的子宫恢复减少阴道流血，预防产妇产后贫血，促进身体康复。同时，还有助于推迟新妈妈再妊期等。 3、 母乳喂养有利于增强婴儿抵抗力、免疫力。有母乳中，尤其是初乳，乳中含有大量的婴儿需要的抗生素，能抗感染。抗病者是其它任何乳制品、食物不可完全具备的，是母乳独有的。因此，婴儿吮吸了母乳，就增强了婴儿的抵抗力、免疫力，让婴儿少生病或不生病。 4、 母乳喂养有利于婴儿消化和健康发育。由于母乳具有多方面的优点，且营养均衡、配比最佳，是其它食品不具有或不完全具有的优点。因此，采用母乳喂养法，它有利于婴儿的消化，有利于促进婴儿健康发育，健康成长。 、 母乳喂养有利于增进母子情感。俗话说，母子连心。新妈妈们通过婴儿吮吸母亲5 乳头的刺激，能增进母亲对婴儿的抚爱、关爱、疼爱之情，婴儿通过吮吸母乳，与母亲有切肤之温暖，切肤之亲近，既感到安全，又感到高兴。因此，母子之间的情感就在这微妙之中不断沟通与递进，不断增进和升华。 6、 母乳喂养经济实惠。母乳不仅对婴儿健康成长有利，对新妈妈恢复身体好，而且比其它喂养品成本低廉，经济实惠。 7、 母乳喂养方便快捷。母乳喂养的好处实在多，不仅经济实惠，而且方便快捷，是名副其实的随吃随有，很方便，很适合婴儿少食多餐的需要。因为婴儿进食不像大人，定时定量，婴儿是喊吃就要吃，慢了就哭闹不止，且无规律，如果使用其它食品喂养，很难满足这些要求和条件，只有母乳喂养主能适应与满足。 8、 母乳干净、安全。母乳无可非议，它是喂养婴儿的最佳食品。它安全、干净、无毒，无任何副作用，是其它任何食品都无可比拟的，它是天下新妈妈与生俱来的为婴儿提供的“安全粮仓”。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 9、 母乳喂养可降低减少婴儿过敏现象。由于母乳干净、安全、无毒，无任何副作用，且拥有天然的抗生素，抗病毒素等，故用母乳喂养，可大大降低和减少婴儿的各种过敏现象的发生。如果使用其它替代品喂养，就难免产生各式各样的过敏现象，导致婴儿吃不香、睡不安、生活不适，影响婴儿健康成长。 10、 母乳喂养可减少女性患卵巢癌、乳腺癌的机率。已有科学家经过调查、统计和分析发现，将母乳喂养和非母乳喂养的新妈妈进得比对，凡使用了母乳喂养的新妈妈患卵巢癌、乳腺癌的机率要大大低于非使用母乳喂养的新妈妈们。艾立老师在多年的实践中，也发现了这一良好现象的存在。 不可拒绝自然分娩三大理由 作者:佚名 发布时间:2012-9-12 来源:本站原创 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 天然分娩是女性的一个正常的生理过程。对身材健康的育龄女性是可以蒙受的。所以有人说。休会过自然分娩的女人才算是一个完全的女人。 1。自然分娩是胎儿通过阴道娩出的过程。是人体的一种自然的生理现象。分娩的阵痛是女性所承受的最大苦楚。自古到今。健康女性都英勇地承受着，实现着繁殖性命的重担。能在身体前提容许的状态下自然分娩。也会让准妈妈们在阵痛中真逼真切地领会到做母亲的巨大之处。 2。天然分娩时。孩子从羊水的环境来到空气中的环境。有了一个过渡。从产道的子宫压缩，产道的挤压来到人间间。能够将正常的阴道分娩的过程比方 成一个脑成熟的锻炼低级进程。胎儿在宫内受到畸形的产道挤压当前。他的皮肤触觉。感触到这种挤压。他的反射通过触觉传输到他的神经中枢。在出产的过程中得 到了锤炼。那么他来到人世间之后。在生涯中。通过他的感官接收到了外面的各种刺激。反射到大脑之落后行均衡跟和谐。 3。做作分娩既是一种正常的生理景象。对母体造成的创伤也小。产后恢复时光也较短。只有产后保持准确的饮食调养和恰当的锻炼。就不会变成一个"脑满肠肥"的水桶女人。照样可以恢复到产前的体形。 注意护理好新生儿脐带 作者:薛颖哲 发布时间:2012-8-27 来源:本站原创 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 脐带是胎儿与母亲胎盘相连接的一条纽带，胎儿由此摄取营养与排出废物。胎儿出生后，脐带被结扎、切断，留下呈蓝白色的残端。几个小时后，残端就变成棕白色，以后逐渐干枯、变细，并且成为黑色。一般在先后3-7天内脐残端脱落。脐带初掉时创面发红，稍湿润，几天后就完全愈合了。以后由于身体内部脐血管的收缩，皮肤被牵拉、凹陷而成脐窝，也就是俗称的肚脐眼。 在脐带脱落愈合的过程中，要做好宝宝脐部护理，防止发生脐炎。脐带内的『血管与新生儿血循环系统相连接，生后断脐时及断脐后均需严密消毒，否则细菌由此侵入就会发生破伤风或败血症，因此必须采取新法接生。脐带结扎后，形成天然创面，是细菌的最好滋养地，如果不注意消毒，就会发生感染，所以在脐带未脱落前，每日均要对脐部进行消毒。 一般在孩子生后24小时，就应将包扎的纱布打开，不再包裹，以促进脐带残端干燥与脱落。处理脐带时，洗手后以左手捏起脐带，轻轻提起，右手用消毒酒精棉棍围绕脐带的根部进行消毒，将分泌物及血迹全部擦掉，每日1-2次，以保持脐根部清洁。同时，还必须勤换尿布，以免尿便污染脐部。如果发现脐根部有脓性分泌物，而且脐局部发红，有脐炎发生，应该请医生治疗。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 是谁剥夺了孩子吃母乳的权利 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 作者:佚名 发布时间:2012-5-25 来源:本站原创 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 是 谁 剥 夺 了 孩 子 吃 母 乳 的 权 利 李道丽 近日, 媒体报导了安徽阜阳的劣质奶粉致使婴幼儿病、死的事件, 有关部门也正对劣质奶粉的生产厂家和经销商进行查处。作为一个 4 岁孩子的妈妈, 我想到的是另一个被人们所忽视, 甚至习以为常的不正常现象— — —现在用母乳喂养孩子的妈妈越来越少; 即便是母乳喂养, 孩子吃母乳的时间也越来越短。我的外婆生育了 8 个孩子, 每个孩子都吃母乳到 3 岁。这是她行医的婆婆教她这样做的, 原因有两个: 1. 孩子活过三冬四夏, 自身抵抗力完善, 就基本不会有什么大的生命危险; 2. 喂奶可以起到节育的作用。所以我的舅舅和姨妈们都间隔 4 岁左右, 而在缺衣少食的那个年代, 8 个孩子都得以健康的存活。我的妈妈生育了哥哥和我, 我们都吃母乳到 1 岁半。我们生于 20世纪 70 年代, 妈妈说: 在我们那个苏北小城那时刚有了奶粉面市, 大家都说牛奶比人奶营养高, 于是一些经济条件好的人家,便不给新生儿吃母乳, 喂牛奶。当时因为没有钱, 而只好让你们吃母乳, 我还时时觉得对不起你们呢。现在才知道, 原来母乳的营养最高。我自己的孩子母乳喂养到 14 个月, 在同龄的孩子中, 我还没有遇到比他吃母乳时间更长的孩子。导致母乳喂养减少、时间缩短的原因有哪些呢? 首先, 母亲的工作和生活压力增大。以我自己为例, 我在机关工作, 产假 4 个月, 在孩子 1 周岁内, 母亲每天上午和下午各有一个小时的哺乳假, 恐怕这是法定的。但是现在家和单位的距离普遍都比较远, 来回路程时间加上实际哺乳时间 1 个小时根本不够, 而且来回的奔波, 母亲疲劳,奶水自然会减少。我当时因为住的离单位只有几步远, 所以哺乳假基本上是起了作用。而我的许多同事就没有这么幸运, 哺乳假对她们而言形同虚设。科学的断奶方法是在一个较长的时间内逐渐减少喂奶量, 自然断奶。但由于同样的原因, 现实中根本做不到, 很多人在产假后只好给孩子断奶。以前的产假是 56 天, 但每个单位都有托儿所, 孩子一般都由母亲带到单位托儿所, 所以孩子吃奶与工作并不冲突。这里我就想到了一个问题, 为什么在物质条件相对差的情况下, 我们对女性和孩子的关注反而比现在更多呢? 在工作单位中, 男女似乎都很中性化, 这看似女性地位的提升, 但我以为, 男女天生不同, 从生命延续的角度考虑, 在婴幼儿时期母亲是孩子最大的依靠, 而在单位设置一个哺乳场所, 这并不会影响女性在单位和社会中的地位, 相反给予母亲和孩子以应有的物质和精神照顾, 这才是真正意义上的女性地位提升。其次违反自然规律的审美使得年轻妈妈不知所措。现在人们的眼球似乎都集中在美女身上。而小女孩的天真可爱、小姑娘的青春朝气、孕妇的安详幸福、年轻妈妈的成熟风韵、中年妇女的持重满足、老奶奶的慈祥笑容„„女性在不同时期展示出的不同的美丽都被忽略了, 似乎世界就是为还没有成为人母的漂亮美眉而设的。于是, 许多年轻妈妈慌忙的采取各种方法使自己回到从前, 在一生完孩子后, 马上就开始节食, 甚至减肥, 恰好又有许多营养成分标明很完备的婴儿配方奶粉广告, 母乳— — —无论贫贱富贵, 每个孩子都应得的第一份口粮, 就这样被剥夺了。那么怀孕、哺乳究竟会对体重产生怎样的影响呢? 我怀孕期间体重增加了 40 斤, 生完孩子后, 体重下降15 斤, 孩子七斤八两。在哺乳期间, 我的体重一直比怀孕前多 25 斤。在断奶后,strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 我没有采取任何, 饭量、运动等等都没有变化, 但可能是因为断奶导致体内激素重新分配, 我在半年后自然的回复到了怀孕 前的体重。我想这是一个正常的、自然的过程。要说在哺乳期间, 自己一点也不在乎体重的增加, 这不是实话。从心理上, 人们能够接受一个孕妇的体重增加, 而当孩子出生后, 母亲如果还是很胖, 总是让人觉得有些失落。但从生理角度分析, 母乳本身就含有营养, 要提供这些营养 ( 要知道这是另一个生命得以维系的营养) , 母体本身必须是有富余的, 这样体重不增加才是不正常的。我当时并没有想到这些, 只是一想到白胖健康的儿子,就觉得什么都无所谓。无论是社会还是母亲本身都应该用更宽容和欣赏的眼光来看待哺乳, 如果舆论都觉得母乳喂养, 就像入得厨房、出得厅堂那样也是女性必备的素质时, 恐怕母乳喂养也会成为一种时尚。再有, 母乳喂养的指导和服务机构不健全。在孩子刚出生时, 抱他我都显得很笨拙, 更别说让他吃到奶了。我现在还深深记得, 孩子因为吸不到奶而急得哇哇大哭的样子。省人民医院妇产科的一位老主任, 在巡视病房时, 看着每个床头柜上的奶粉和奶瓶, 气得连声指责: “我们现在的妈妈都不会喂奶了, 你们这些护士都干什么了? ! 要知道你们是产科护士, 给我一个个教。 ”在她的帮助下, 我第一次成功地让孩子吃了个饱。商家的种种误导和消费者的盲目跟从也是重要原因。即便是妇产科的主任, 也无法阻止医院里铺天盖地的奶粉广告传单, 更让人觉得难以接受的是, 最近听我的一位同事说, 卫生所负责体检的医生竟然让初为人母的她放弃母乳喂养, 买自己推荐的某种名牌奶粉。是的, 每个医院产科都有许多奶粉的广告单, 让人觉得母乳可有可无, 觉得配方奶粉完全可以与母乳媲美; 另外孩子是天生会吃奶, 但母亲喂奶却是要学的, 母亲保证有奶水也是要精心调养的, 自然要有个磨合的过程, 但正因为广告使人确信配方奶粉不比母乳差, 在这个磨合的过程中就有许多人放弃了母乳喂养。 于是就有每个月要花掉几千块钱的“金娃娃” , 人们以为这样的高投入会给孩子以全面的营养, 殊不知, 任何配方奶粉都无法达到或高过母乳的质量。商家总是惟利是图的, 这本无可厚非, 但消费者应该保持应有的理性。过去的母亲吃得肯定不比现在好, 但几乎个个都有奶, 为什么现在没有奶水的人越来越多呢? 其实原因在于没有坚持和努力, 有配方奶粉这一倚赖也是一个重要因素。在我的家乡, 有这样一个民间的经验: 生男孩的, 40 天内母亲的奶水都可以投下来。我在孩子满月的第二天, 坐长途车回老家, 因为身体虚弱,晕车呕吐, 到家后, 连续七八天一滴奶也没有了, 本来已经心灰意冷, 打算让孩子继续吃奶粉的。一个远房的亲戚来, 说了上面的话, 又使我有了些信心, 便坚持给孩子吸, 还喝了一碗由 10个鲫鱼头捣烂, 兑一份开水、半斤白糖弄的偏方, 真是腥透了、腻透了, 可是就这样奶水又有了。回头想想, 其实是呕吐导致体质急剧下降, 加之产后身体虚弱才会没有乳汁分泌。而身体恢复、喝鲫鱼汤、坚持给孩子吸吮进行刺激是乳汁再次分泌的几个原因。国外现在还普遍存在母乳银行, 其实是非盈利性的互助机孩子食用。从技术角度讲, 欧洲发达国家的奶粉生产技术比我们高, 历史也更悠久, 但为什么还要煞费苦心地搞这样的机构呢?原因很简单, 因为他们知道母乳比任何配方奶粉的质量都高, 此其一; 其二, 把配方奶粉做得质量尽量的好, 目的不是为了替代母乳, 而是在万不得已的情况下, 使孩子得到尽可能多的营养。strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality 奶粉的生产厂家不会也没有义务宣传这些, 但理性的消费者和负责的家长应该有自己的原则, 进口奶粉的质量是好, 但在时尚与自然规律面前, 还是应该遵循后者, 毕竟喂养孩子事关千秋万代。为什么会提到时尚呢? 现在的年轻妈妈在一起时, 攀比奶粉的价格似乎已经成为一个经常的话题, 似乎价格越高, 越是国外进口的, 自己的孩子就越金贵。其实只要注意一点就可以发现问题, 进口奶粉广告往往会说, 比如自己是美国婴儿奶粉中销量第一, 这之中传递着这样一个信息, 选择本奶粉, 就是选择了绝大多数美国孩子正在吃的奶粉, 你的孩子生活质量就与美国同步了。那么就有这样的问题了, 一是销量是否代质量? 二是如果你知道美国 99% ( 假设) 的孩子都是母乳喂养, 那么你的孩子吃奶粉, 只不过是跟 1%的美国孩子吃的是一样的而已。再回到国内的话题, 现在关于婴幼儿养育的新措施似乎越来越多, 比如新生儿抚触、新生儿游泳、星级产房、月子宾馆等等, 但惟独缺少对母乳喂养的重视。20 世纪 90 年代以前 ( 配方奶粉产业尚不发达) , 母乳喂养的孩子占绝大多数, 非母乳喂养是万不得已情况下的选择, 我们的同龄人中, 没有吃母乳的更是凤毛麟角, 而现在如果再做个社会调查, 恐怕就是一半, 甚至不到一半, 我认为, 这更是一个社会问题。关于日本, 我们都知道, 一杯牛奶强壮一个民族。而我们对于母乳的忽视, 以及将配方奶粉作为一种时尚, 这从长远角度看其实很危险。关于国外母乳喂养的资料和信息, 大众并没有专门的渠道可以获知, 但我还是在报纸上注意到了这样两则消息。一则是西方某国的一城市拟规定母亲在公共场合哺乳需在厕所进行, 理由是否则有伤风化, 这项动议引发了抗议集会, 许多母亲集中在市政广场上给孩子哺乳以示抗议。另一则是荷兰某小城的一年轻妈妈, 将自己剩余的乳汁卖给当地的母乳银行, 哺乳期过后, 她用所得的钱买了一辆高级轿车。这两则都是今年以内的消息, 从以 上两则消息中我们可以获取这样的信息: 母乳喂养在国外很普及, 如果市政府的规定针对的只是很少的一部分人, 就会无关紧要; 母乳的相互调剂在外国也很普遍, 尽管成本并不低于配方奶粉。无论是观念, 还是, 对于母乳喂养我们都有急需调整的地方。 strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, and other issues. To establish and perfect the muddle along Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standardize the behavior of personnel. 2. To strengthen the responsibility system. One is the in-depth study and implement the "Hunan provincial Party and government leading cadres Interim Provisions on the work safety of a pair of > (Hunan Office issued 2013 No. 5)," Hunan province safety supervision and management responsibilities of the provisions on the production (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4) And resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is to establish risk self correction self reporting system for safety in production enterprises, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety is introduced. Four strengthen the county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the" who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must be safe, Guan Sheng production and operation must be safe, pipe business must control security "principle, the implementation of safety The production of "cure." stagnation supervision and leadership responsible system. The safety production of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strictly implement the safety production of the "one vote veto" and the reward system, strengthen the safety incentive and restraint mechanism. (six) the implementation of the work force is not strong. The documents, meeting, long work arrangement, check and supervise the implementation of small, poor implementation of the system, the work is not effective. Some leading cadres sense of purpose, consciousness of the masses is not strong, the ruling " For the people "," the interests of the masses no matter "concept understanding is not in place. The specific work treats with the deployment, a few leading cadres complain that work is too complicated, too much responsibility, the pressure is too large, too much emphasis on the difficulty of the work, such as underground mines to avoid the disaster of" six systems "construction and construction of mechanical ventilation to file the form, forwarding arrangements work, no in-depth mining enterprises to promote the specific work, the increase in the number of files, but the effect is not good, not according to the actual situation of non coal mines in the county, to engage in" across the board ", and the quality