短暂性动词与持续性动词

短暂性动词与持续性动词 短暂性动词与持续性动词(Momentary verb and Duration verb ) 例:(注:总结积累之前所学) fall ill / sick ( in love with / asleep ) be ill / sick ( in love with / asleep ) join be a member of marry be married ( to ) die be dead go / leave be away come be here begin be on get up be up finish be over dress be dressed in get ready be ready make friends be friends meet together be together become ( ill / sick ) be ( ill / sick ) buy have borrow keep put on have on 此两类动词都与时间有很大的关系。因此在一些与持续时间有关的介词及句型中，只能使 用持续性动词，而不能使用短暂性动词。其区别如下: 一、 短暂性动词不能和完成时中的since /for 及针对 since /for 提问的how long /since when 连用在一起。如果用在一起，则必须换成连续性或状态性动词。 1、he has fallen ill. He has been ill for a month. 2、He has fallen in love with Marry. He has been in love with Marry since last year. 3、She married Tom last year. She has been married to Tom since last year. 4、When did you get up this morning? I have been up for two hours. 5、When did he die ? How long has he been dead? 6、When did he go / leave? Since when has he been away? 7、I came here an hour ago. I have been here for an hour. 8、I borrowed this book just now . How long have you have you had it? 9、When did you buy the car? How long have you had it ? 10、The concert began at six o’clock. It has been on for half an hour. 二、 如果since后接的是从句，就必须注意从句中的动词，短暂性动词表示时间的起点， 持续性动词则表达某一状态持续到那一时刻即结束。 1、 He has had several jobs since he graduated from Yale. =He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale. 2、 We all have been missing her since she lived here. =We all have been missing her since she moved away. 3、 It’s two weeks since I was ill. =It’s two weeks since I recovered. 4、 It has been two months since he stayed in the town. =It has been two months since he went to the country / moved out of the town. 5、 It is two weeks since he kept the book. =It is two weeks since he returned the book. 三、 在not … until …否定句型中，必须使用短暂性动词，而在肯定句中，则必须使用 持续性或状态性动词。 1、Don’t leave / go away until I come . Wait /Stay here Until I come. 2、He didn’t fall asleep until 9 o’ clock. He has been awake until 9 o’clock. 3、I didn’t join the Party until 1986. I have been out of the Party until 1986. 4、He didn’t get the job until last year. He had been out of work until last year. 状态性动词和动作性动词(State verb and Action Verb) 其区别可分为以下三类: 一、 由部分动词转化而成的系动词替代be而产生的区别。 Be angry turn / become / get angry Be worried turn / become / get worried Be married get married Be excited get / become excited Be paid get paid Be invited get invited Be ready get ready Be ill / sick fall / become ill / sick 二、 由动作动词替代be 而产生的区别。 Be off go off Be out go out Be from come from Be careful take care Be close to get close to Be sure make sure Be on fire catch fire Be friends make friends 三、 由于动词之间的差异而产生的区别。 Have on put on Have a cold catch a cold Have a walk take a walk Have a look take a look Have a glance take a glance 注意:以上两类动词的区别同样也体现了短暂性动词和持续性动词的区别自然也适合于其 之间的区别。