不可数名词

可数名词和不可数名词 不可数名词： 不可数名词有：1、表示不具有一定形状的物质的名词，如材料、食物、气体、液体等；例如：有: soup（汤）,ink（墨水）， ice冰, rain雨, snow雪, sun太阳, wind风, bread面包, meat肉, juice果汁, sugar粮, food食物,fish鱼，chicken鸡、鸡肉， rice米饭, coffee咖啡, tea茶, milk牛奶, jam果酱, chocolate巧克力, fruit水果, paper报纸, cloth布，hair头发，glass玻璃, wood木头, butter黄油, air空气, gas气体, sand沙子, beer啤酒, cream奶油, dust灰尘, gin杜松子酒, gold黄金, oil油,   soap肥皂 ,stone石头,  tea茶, water水,  wine葡萄酒 ，baggage行李, change(零钱), furniture家具, homework家庭作业, money钱, news新闻，smoke(烟)，steam（蒸汽）camping露营，work工作，room（房间），wine（果酒）clothing（衣服）,mail（邮件）,equipment（设备）,toast（土司）,stone（石头）,iron（铁）,copper（铜）,chalk（粉笔）, money（钱）等。 但有一些名词即可以是可以名词也可以是不可数名词， 例如：fruit, food, fish, chicken, drink等 这些名词作集合名词时为不可数名词, 但在作为种类讲是为可数名词. 2、表示观念、性质、动作、过程、状态等的抽象名词， 例如： advice忠告／主意, beauty美丽，漂亮,  courage勇气 ,death死亡,  experience经验 ,fear担心,  help帮助 ,hope希望,  horror恐惧, information消息／信息,  knowledge知识 ,mercy仁慈,  pity同情 ,relief救济, suspicion猜疑，honesty诚实,patience耐心happiness幸福，music 音乐， damage损害 ,furniture家具,  luggage 行李 ,parking停车,  shopping购物, weather气候，sunlight（阳光）, sunshine（阳光，日光）, lightning（闪电）help (帮助), love (爱), hope (希望), weather (天气)，等。 在使用不可数名词时,要注意以下几点: 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如：The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。 There is some milk on the table. 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如： water (水)→waters (水域) wood(木头)→woods(森林) glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜) time(时间)→times(时代) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，如： fruit （水果）→ fruits （几种水果） food（食物） → foods（几种食物） fish（鱼类） → fishes（几种鱼） hair（头发） → hairs（几种毛） 4.不可数名词一律用单数，但前面不能直接加a / an。如: I like to skate on an ice.( × ) I like to skate on the ice. ( √ )我喜欢在冰上溜滑。 5、不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量,可以借助单位词，并且谓语应该这些单位词的的单复数形式保持一致。如: a loaf of bread一条面包，three cups of tea三杯茶 ，a bit of news一件消息，a cake of soap一块肥皂， a drop of oil一滴油，a grain of sand一粒沙子，a pane of glass一块玻璃，a piece of advice一条， a pot of jam一罐果酱，a sheet of paper一页纸，a bowl of rice 一碗米饭，a bar of chocolate 一大块巧克力, a cube of ice 一方块冰，a spoonful of sugar一匙糖，a handful of sand一把沙子，an armful of wood一抱木头 a basket of fruit(一篮水果)，an item of information (一则信息)，a kind of protection(一种保护) suit(套), tube(管), packet(包), item(条，则), bar(条), basket(篮子), glass(杯),bunch(束), pair(双，对), bowl(碗), portion(份), herd(群), series(系列), shower(阵) 6、some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of等词往往可以加在不可数名，词的前面修饰不可数名词。如: 1)I don’t want any help. 我不需要任何帮助。 2)There’s some milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。 记住这十个词，人称雷打不动的十大金刚： advice, news, information, progress, work，fun, weather, music, health, luck。 在使用这些词时，不管其前面有多少修饰语，其前一定不要用不定冠词a或an。  可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如： book → books  room → rooms house → houses  day → days 2. 以s,　ss, ch,　sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus → buses  glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city → cities  body → bodies  factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half → halves  leaf → leaves knife → knives  wife → wives 5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ① child → children goose → geese, mouse → mice, ox → oxen ② man → men  woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)  ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes  [悄悄话： 初中以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ] ④ foot → feet  tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。] ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese，deer（鹿), means(方法，手段)单、复数同形　[悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ 有些集体名词在形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；例如：people（复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"），police(警察)，cattle(牲畜)，staff(全体职员/人员)， cattle（牛，牲口的总称）。 用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 6. Let’s take________(photo), OK?  7. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white________(hair). 12. They are________(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please? 14. There are many________(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty. 参考答案： 1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice 西大附中升初中考试冲刺题（英语） 一. 单项选择 (60分): 1. the hot weather ,he couldn’t sleep indoors. A. Because B. Because of C. As D. For 2. Where did he his bed? A. carry B. carries C. carried D. carrying 3. How did he sleep? A. good B. well C. goodly D. nice 4. Where was the courtyard? A. Down B .Under. C. Below D. Bottom 5. He looked at the bits of wood and metal around him. A. laying B. laid C. lying D. lied 6. in the country is something he loves. A. Travelling B. Travel C. The travelling D. To travelling 7. The trip took him longer than he expected .He didn’t expect it to last . A. longer B. as long C. so long D. such a long 8. ‘Where get off?’ I asked. ‘I’ll tell you where to get off,’ answered the conductor. A. to B. for C. shall I D. in order to 9. I was the only passenger. There weren’t more. A. any B. many C. lots D. a few 10.This is as far as we go. We don’t go . A. any further B. more far C. further more D. so far 11.He has been working all morning and he hard. A. still works B. has still worked C. is still working D. still worked 12. He’s been trying to get his room in order. He wants to . . A. make it tidy B. keep it tidy C. made order D. keep order 13. His room is rather small. It’s .room. A. a small enough B. a fairly small C. terribly small D. a much smaller 14. She helped him one of his old bookcases up the stairs. A. carrying B. to carrying C. for carrying D. carry 15. The writer bookcases. A. needn’t B. needs not C. doesn’t need D. isn’t needing 16. breakfast is the first meal of the day. A. The B. A C. This D. x 17. She returned home. She was home all morning . A. to B. at C. in D. on 18. Nothing could have been more annoying .It was annoying thing that could have happened. A. the more B. more C. most D. the most 19. Whose voice did she recognize ? Helen . A. Bate’s B. Bates’ C. Bates D. Bate 20. She had hardly got back to the kitchen the doorbell rang. A. when B. than C. as D. as soon as 21. the hot weather, he couldn’t sleep indoors. A. Because B. Because of C.As D. For 22.Where did he his bed? A. carry B. carries C. carried D. carrying 23. How did he sleep? A. good B. well C. goodly D. nice 24. Where was the courtyard ? A. Down B. Under C. Below D. Bottom 25.He looked at the bits of wood and metal around him. A . laying B. laid C. lying D. lied 26 in the country is something he loves. A. Travelling B. Travel C. The travelling D. To travelling 27. The trip took him longer than he expected .He didn’t expect it to last . A. longer B. as long C. so long D. such a long 28. ‘Where get off ?’ I asked. ‘ I’ll tell you where to get off, ’ answered the conductor. A. to B. for C. shall I D .in order to 29. I was the only passenger . There weren’t more. A. any B. many C. lots D. a few 30. This is as far as we go. We don’t go . A. any further B. more far C. further more D. so far 二. 选择正确的词 (20分) 1. She dusted the furniture very (careful) (carefully). 2. I hit him very (hardly) (hard). 3. This exercise is not (hard) (hardly). 4. I got home from work very (lately) (late) last night. 5. I (near) (nearly) missed the bus this morning. 6. He ran so (fastly) (fast) no one could keep up with him. 7. I can’t jump so (highly) (high). 8. Hurry up! You’ll (lose) (miss) the bus. 9. That doorknob has come (lose) (loose). It will fall off soon. 10. Do you (expect) (wait for) him to change his mind? 三. 阅读理解: (20分) Reward for virtue My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! 1. The writer’s friend, Hugh, decided to go a diet A. and he lost a little weight B. but he didn’t lose any weight at all C. but he didn’t lose much weight D. and he lost a lot of weight 2. Hugh A. has avoided eating chocolate and sweets B. has kept to a strict diet C. hasn’t kept to a strict diet D. has been very strict with himself What is the writer's carpet made of？ We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small，so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment，they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago， my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor ; ‘This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,’ she said. She gazed at it for some time then added，‘You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!’ 1. The writer owns over a thousand books so . A .he can’t get in and out of his room B. he is finding it difficult to get his room in order C. his sister can’t get into his room D. he can’t get them on to his bookcases 2. The writer’s sister thinks A. the books look untidy B. the bookcases aren’t big enough C. the books make a nice carpet D. he needs more bookcases than he has 09-10四年级第一学期期末测 2010.1.20 一、火眼金睛 ( ) 1. A.tiger B.monkey C.bird ( ) 2. A.jump B. far C. run ( ) 3. A.July B.thirteen C.twenty ( ) 4. A. turn left B.turn on C.turn right ( ) 5. A.cool B . make C . hot ( ) 6. A . sweets B . plane C . peanuts ( ) 7. A. May B . England C . March ( ) 8. A. high jump B . long jump C .get up 二、 黄金搭档。 A B ( ) 1. Can you run fast ? A. I’m going to do the high jump. ( ) 2. What are you going to do ? B. There are three books . ( ) 3. What are you doing ? C. I’m reading . ( ) 4. How many books are there in the bag? D. Yes ,please . ( ) 5. Do you want some cake ? E. No ,I can’t . ( ) 6. What is Sam doing ? F .No ,I don’t . ( ) 7. Where is the supermarket ? G. He is writing a letter . ( ) 8. What are they doing ? H . Turn right . ( ) 9. Have you got a toy train ? I . They are playing chess. ( ) 10. Do you like September ? J . No, he can’t . ( ) 11.Can your father wash clothes ? K . Yes ,I have. ( ) 12.How many birthdays are there ? L .Yes ,you can . ( ) 13.Can I have some bread ? M . There are twenty –five . 官方网站：http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 三、连词成句。（4） 1. in July /five birthdays /there are . ____________________________________. 2. some sweets /can I /have ? ____________________________________? 3. I’m/every day /going to run . ____________________________________. 4. he /jump far/can ? ____________________________________? 5.you/the flute /can /play ____________________________________? 6.the zoo /are going to /go to /they /(.) ____________________________________ 四、单项选择。（9） ( ) 1. –________ Where’s the supermarket,please? -- Go straight on .It’s near the park. A. I’m sorry .B.Excuse me . C.Hello . ( ) 2. I _____ write an English letter .It’s difficult. A.can B.am C.can’t ( )3. She ________ going to visit his grandpa . A.is B.am C.are ( ) 4. –Can you jump high? --- ________ . A.Yes, I do B.No ,I havent . C. No ,I can’t . ( ) 5. ________ the light .It’s very dark . A.turn left B.get up C.turn on ( ) 6. ________ ,sam ,You can run fast . A.Get up B. Come on C. come in ( ) 7.I am going to do the ________ jump. A.long B.too C.for ( ) 8. she is going to Shanghai ________ plane . A.on B.by C.in 五、根据内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的在在括号中打√，不相符的打×。 ride bikes swim play football fly kites go to school March √ √ √ September √ √ August October √ May √ ( )1. We can play football in March. ( ) 2. We are going to fly kites in May . ( ) 3. We can go to school in September . ( ) 4. We are going to ride bikes in March and October . ( ) 5. We are going toi swim in August and May . 六、英语大闯关。每题只有一个正确答案。 ( ) 1.There are 28 or 29 days in ___. A. March B. February C .April ( ) 2. Mingming is ______. (看电视) A. watching TV . B.reading a book C .listening to music . ( ) 3. --- Can Sam jump high ?-----______. A. I can B.No ,he can’t . C .Yes I do . ( ) 4. 15 +2 =? A. sixteen B. twenty C . seventeen ( ) 5. SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 图标用英语怎么表示？ A. turn right B. go straight on C . turn left ( ) 6. What are you doing ?----_____. A.I am going to play football . B. I’m swimming . C . Go straight on . ( ) 7.----- Do you want some noodles ? ----- _____ . A. Yes ,please . B. No ,I haven’t . C . Thank you . ( ) 8. 大明告诉同伴：“我打算参加跳高这个运动项目。” A.I’m going to run the 100 metres . B. I’m going to do the high jump . C . I’m going to do the long jump . ( ) 9. 如果你想去西湖路2 号，你应该怎样问路。 A. Where’s the No.2 West Lake Road ? B. Where’s the No.2 East Lake Road ? C . What’s the No.2 West Lake Road ? ( ) 10. 下列哪种食品属于“Chinese fast food ” A. noodles B. hamburger C . vegetables ( ) 11. 小芳正在赛跑，作为她的好朋友，你应该怎样为她加油。A. Come on ,Xiaofang . B. Good Luck ,Xiaofang . C .Hello ,Xiao fang . ( ) 12. 你想借文文一只笔，你应先说什么？ A. Excese me . B. Sorry C . All right . 七．选出正确的单词来填空. 1.Tomorrow ,Daming is going to get up at ______. 2. He is going to go to _____. 3.He is going to play _______. 4.Daming is going to go ____ . 5.He is going to watch _____. 6. He is going to go to ______. am ([æm] ,is [iz]是)→was：[wɔz] make([meik] 做;制造)→made：[meid] move([mu:v] 移动)→moved[mu:vd] draw([drɔ:] 画) →drew：[dru:] play([plei] 玩耍) →played work([wə:k] 工作) →worked[t] say([sei] 说) →[sed] are([ɑ:] 是) →were[wə:] cut( [kʌt] 切;割;剪) →cut colour(['kʌlə] 染色) →cloured find([faind] 发现) →found[faund] put([put] 放) →put roll([rəul] 打滚) →rolled fall([fɔ:l] 落下;跌倒) →fell[fel] burn([bə:n] 燃烧) →burnt/burned buy([bai] 买) →bought[bɔ:t] lay([lei] 下蛋;产卵) →laid[leid] lead([li:d] 引导;领(路)) →led[led] learn([lə:n] 学习) →learnt/learned leave([li:v] 离开) →left[left] lend([lend] 把...借给) →lent let([let] 让) →let lie([lai] 撒谎) →lay lose([lu:z] 丢失) →lost[lɔst] spell[spel] 拼写→spelt[spelt]/spelled spend[spend] 花(钱),花费→spent stand[stænd] 站立→stood[stud] sweep[swi:p] 打扫→swept catch[kætʃ] 抓住→caught[kɔ:t] choose[tʃu:z] 选择→chose[tʃəuz] come[kʌm] 来→came[keim] cost[kɔst] 花费→cost dig[dig] 掘(土);挖→dug[dʌg] do[du:] 做→did[did] draw[drɔ:] 画→drew[dru:] drink[driŋk] 饮,喝→drank [dræŋk] drive[draiv] 驾驶(汽车等) →drove[drəuv] eat[i:t] 吃→ate[eit] feel[fi:l] 摸,触、感觉→felt fly[flai] 飞→flew[flu:] meet[mi:t] 遇见→met[met] read[ri:d] 读→read ride骑(马等);乘(车等) [raid] →rode[rəud] ring[riŋ]摇铃→rang[ræŋ] rise[raiz] 上升→rose run[rʌn] 跑,奔→ran[ræn] swim[swim] 游泳→swam[swæm] take[teik] 拿,取; →took[tuk] tell[tel] 告诉→told[təuld] think[θiŋk] 想→thought[θɔ:t] throw[θrəu] 投,,扔→threw[θru:] forget [fə'get] 忘记→forgot[fə'gɔt] freeze[fri:z] 结冰,凝固→froze[frəuz] get[get] 到达→got[gɔt] give[giv] 给→gave[geiv] go [gəu] 去,行走→went[went] grow [grəu] 生长→grew[gru:] hang[hæŋ] 把...挂起→hung[hʌŋ]/hanged have[hæv]/has[hæz] 有→had hear[hiə] 听见→heard[hə:d] hide[haid] 把...藏起来→hid[hid] hit[hit] 打,击中→hit hurt[hə:t] 受伤→hurt keep[ki:p] 持有,保有→kept know [nəu] 知道;懂得→knew[nju:] see[si:] 看见→saw[sɔ:] sell[sel] 卖→sold[səuld] set[set] 放,置→set shake[ʃeik] 摇→shook[ʃuk] shine[ʃain] 发光;照耀→shone[ʃɔn]/shined show[ʃəu] 显示,露出→showed sing[siŋ] 唱歌→sang[sæŋ]/sung[sʌŋ] sink[siŋk]下沉→sank[sæŋk] /sunk[sʌŋk] sit[sit] 坐→sat[sæt] sleep[sli:p] 睡觉→slept[slept] smell[smel]嗅,闻→smelt[smelt]/smelled speak[spi:k] 说话→spoke[spəuk] teach[ti:tʃ] 教→taught[tɔ:t] understand[,ʌndə'stænd] 理解;懂→：understood ['ʌndə'stud] wake[weik] 唤醒→woke[wəuk]/waked wear[wɛə] 穿着→wore[wɔ:] win[win] 获胜,成功→won[wʌn] write[rait] 写下→wrote[rəut] football home school TV bed 7 o’clock