I - 爱问知识人爱问爱问知识人知识人

I - 爱问知识人爱问爱问知识人知识人 Test A I. Vocabulary (10 x1=10 points) Directions: Choose the definition from column B that best matches each italicized word or phrase in column A: A B 1. academic a. 抱怨 2. approach b. 国内的 3. bargain c. 画廊 4. complain d. 保护 5. domestic e. 学术的 6. evolution f. 外科医生 7. gallery g. 走近 8. preserve h. 龙卷风 9. surgeon i. 进化 10. tornado j. 讨价还价 II. Multiple Choice (20x1=20 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. He wore dark glasses to avoid ____ A. having been recognized B. to be recognized C. recognized D. being recognized 2. So little ____ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. I know B. I knew C. do I know D. did I know 3. It was wise for the salesman to sell the apples at half price ____ to allow them go bad. A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than 4. John is unfortunately devoid ____ a sense of humor. A. with B. of C. to D. from 5. ____ the Washington Monument and the Capitol, Washington D. C. would be a completely horizontal city. A. It were not for B. For it were not C. Were it not for D. Weren’t it for 6. Shout more loudly. He ____ you. A. can’t have heard B. will not have heard C. ought to have heard D. may have heard 7. He has always gone ____ strange hobbies like collecting bottletops and inventing secret codes. A. into B. by C. in for D. through 8. William got his wife ____ A. to have his shoes shine B. to have his shoes shined C. to have his shoes shining D. shine his shoes 9. ____ as the most outstanding student on the campus made her parents very happy. A. Marta having been chosen B. Marta’s being chosen C. Marta being chosen D. Marta’s choosing 10. They are not so willing ____ this picture hung in the corridor. A. as we to have B. as we have C. as us to have D. as have we 11. He is ____ a ballplayer. A. as good if not better than his brother as B. as good as, if not better than his brother as C. as good as, not better than his brother like D. as good as if not better than his brother as for 12. There was a teapot fashioned like a Chinese duck, out of ____ open mouth the tea was supposed to come. A. which B. its C. that D. whose 13. ____ the 1500’s ____ the first European explored the coast of California. A. It was not until/ then B. It is not until/ when C. It is until/ that D. It was not until/ that 14. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately ____ from Marathon to Athens. A. the distance is B. that the distance is C. is that the distance D. the distance 15. She acts as if she were a ____ since she won the first prize in the school speech contest. A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody D. somebody 16. Mr. Hunt was ____ beauty when I worked with her years ago. A. something of a B. something of C. anything of a D. anything of 17. She must be hungry after the long walk, ____? A. isn’t she B. mustn’t she C. isn’t it D. mustn’t it 18. All particulars should be carefully checked. Nothing should be ____ A. born in mind B. put up with C. taken for granted D. taken into consideration 19. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____ into dozens of languages in the last decade. A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated 20. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ____ it closely. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. being followed III. Word Derivation (10x1=10 points) Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word derived from the given word or formed by a suitable combination of the given word with another word. 1. People who live in cold climates eagerly look forward to warm, ______ summer holidays. (sun) 2. They may have no _________ but to stay in their hotel rooms for the greater part of the day. (choose) 3. The young, especially, have no __________ about hot weather. (complain) 4. For three weeks the country has enjoyed very unusual winter __________ and sunshine. (warm) 5. Thin as it is, this _______ cost me eight dollars. (book) 6. This kind of small car is ___________ to run. (economy) 7. Her mother told her, “It is not ________ to cross your legs.” (lady) 8. We hear a lot today about the _________ of education. (fail) 9. A motor-car may be regarded as a _________ wealth. (person) 10. In 1972, Japan and China signed a __________ peace and friendship treaty. (history) IV. Cloze (15x1=15 points) Directions: Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write your choice for each blank on the ANSWER SHEET. One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are already widely used and the time may come 1 it will be possible for ordinary people to use them as well. Computers are capable of doing very complicated work in all 2 of learning. They can solve the 3 mathematical problems or put thousands of 4 facts in order. Computers are also used in hospitals. By providing a machine 5 a patient’s symptoms, a doctor can 6 the nature of his illness. Various automatic machines are used in intensive care units 7 a constant watch on the patients, 8 doctors will be able to get 9 information about their state. Computers work so accurately and 10 they save scientists years of 11 . The whole process is 12 automation. In the future automation may 13 human beings to enjoy far more 14 than they do today. Computers are the most15 servants man has ever had and they can do thousands of types of work. 1. A. which B. that C. when D. while 2. A. branches B. sides C. ways D. processes 3. A. complex B. very complex C. rather complex D. most complex 4. A. unrelated B. interesting C. funny D. shocking 5. A. of B. with C. by D. in 6. A. prescribe B. diagnose C. say D. describe 7. A. taking B. to take C. keeping D. to keep 8. A. in order to B. provided C. so that D. so long as 9. A. useful B. believable C. timely D. good 10. A. at so high a speed B. at a high speed C. at a so high speed that D. at such a high speed that 11. A. trouble B. hard work C. time D. money 12. A. called as B. named as C. known as D. known to be 13. A. enable B. make C. have D. let 14. A. leisure B. fun C. time D. play 15. A. effective B. efficient C. cheerful D. pleasant V. Reading Comprehension (15x2=30 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. You should choose ONE best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children’s school week is formed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test. Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught. The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught. Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test-taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can’t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have little time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary. 1. The author gives an account of Erica’s performance in her study in order to ____ A. illustrate her cleverness in test-taking B. reveal the incompetence of teachers C. show there is something wrong with the current practice in teaching D. demonstrate the best way to read textbooks 2. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. the phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in many educators B. Skills in general are not only useless but often lead student astray C. Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well on standardized tests is quite another. D. Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean the acquisition of that skill 3. The author insists that _______. A. mandated state tests be replaced by some more sensible methods of assessment B. teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught C. students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking D. radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching 4. We can safely conclude that ____may cause educational problems A. test obsession B. standardized tests C. test-taking D. preparation for mandated state tests 5. By “crisis of comprehension ’’ the author means many students____. A. are too much concerned with grades B. fail to understand the real goal of education C. lack proper practice in phonic and grammar drills D. are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably well on standardized tests Passage 2 The advantage and disadvantage of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and availability of food and raw materials .In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline. 6. A small population may mean _____. A. higher productivity, but a lower average income B. lower productivity, but a higher average income C. lower productivity and a lower average income D. higher productivity and a higher average income 7. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _____. A. agriculture B. transport system C. industry D. national economy 8. In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birth-rate____. A. goes up B. goes down C. remains stable D. is out of control 9. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for_____. A. a developing nation B. a developed nation C. every nation with a small population D. every nation with a big population 10. It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because____. A. There are too many undeveloped countries in the world B. Under-developed countries have low level of industrial development C. Different governments have different views of the questions D. Even developed countries may have complex problems Passage 3 All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track” many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed. 11. According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the future of the universe because we____ A. have too many conflicting theories B. do not have enough funding to continue our research C. are not sure how the universe is put together D. have focused our investigations on the moon and planets 12. What does the author see as the function of the universe’s unseen “switches”? A. They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use. B. They enable us to alter the course of the universe. C. They give us information about the lunar surface. D. They determine which course the universe will take in the future. 13. In paragraph 3, the word “track” could best be replaced by which of the following? A. band B. rails C. path D. sequence 14. For whom is the author probably writing this passage? A. Train engineers B. General audiences C. Professors of statistics D. Young children 15. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A. A statement illustrated by an analogy B. A hypothesis supported by documentation C. A comparison of two contrasting theories D. A critical analysis of a common assumption VI. Writing (5x3=15 points) Directions: Write a composition of at least 120 words on the topic below. My Dream