-ing form

nullnull主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeing done having donehaving been done-ing的形式-ing form否定： not doingnull1. 作定语 Ａ．单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面 　e.g. Are there any living thing on the moon? China is a developing country.-ing的用法注：单个分词作定语修饰something等，放在被 修饰词的后面 e.g. There is something missing. nullB. 分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句 e.g. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. The man with sun-glasses standing near a car is a musician. I like the girl sitting on the right. 　　　　　　　　　. null现在分词作宾语补足语表示的是一个正在持续或 进行的主动动作，即句中的宾语和v-ing之间是主动 关系，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生，且分词表示的动作处于持续状态。 常见的可用v-ing作宾语补足语的动词有： 1) 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, smell, feel, observe, find, look at, listen to 2) 使役动词：have, get, keep, leave 3) catch 4) with2. 作宾语补足语nullIt is quite interesting to look at other people playing chess. They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the ground . He kept me waiting for an hour in the rain. The little boy sat in the classroom, with his eyes looking out of the window.null3、作主语 Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money. 集邮将花费你很多钱。 It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危险的。 it作形式主语，当V-ing短语在句中作主语时，为了 保持句子平衡, 用it作为形式主语，而将真正的主 语放在句末。 必背句型： It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth. It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of …doing sth. It’s very difficult doing sth. It’s nice doing sth.null There is no+ doing(…是不可能的) =It is impossible to do sth. There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 注：V-ing短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。4、 作表语 V-ing在句中作表语，泛指某种动作或行为，常用来说明 主语的身份或内容。表语和主语常常可以互换。 My job is teaching English. (Teaching English is my job.) 我的工作是教英语。null现在分词作表语时，一般表示主动或表示主语的 性质和特征。含有“令人……”之意 The first impressions are most lasting. 最初的印象历时最久。 This piece of news is encouraging. 这条消息鼓舞人心。形容性化了的-ing amusing, boring, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, interesting, missing, promising, puzzling, surprisingnull5、 作宾语 They have finished doing their homework. 他们已经做完作业了。 Nothing can stop us from realizing the four moderni－ zations in our country. 什么也不能阻止我们国家实现四个现代化。在下面的及物动词或短语后面，只能用V-ing作宾语。 advise，admit，allow，appreciate，avoid，consider， delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse， finish，forgive，imagine，keep，mention，mind， miss，practise，prevent，risk， suggest，understand，can’t help doing sth， can’t stand，give up ，put offnull有些-ing在句中是主动形式但有被动含义 如require/want/need doing, be worth doing The coat needs washing. =The coat needs to be washed.null6.做状语 分词短语在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、 让步等，其结构相当于一个状语从句。 eg. Hearing the news, he cried. Not having received her letter, he writes to her again. The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. He worked very late, preparing a report. 独立主格结构独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语须有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构的形式表达。 构成方法：名词或代词＋-ing。独立主格没有谓语，所以不是句子。在句中充当状语，用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。 null1.The guest having left, she began to take a short rest. 2.The exam to be held tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the cinema tonight. 3. Time permitting, I will finish another lesson. null 动名词的复合结构 动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1 逻辑主语是有生命的名词时，必须用名词或代词的所有格；作宾语（尤其是在口语中），也可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。 Tom’s( His) coming is what we have expected. She didn’t mind Jack (Jack’s) / his (him) coming late. 2 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时，只用普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.