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口译笔记速记符号(我觉得这个对做notes比较有用)~

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口译笔记速记符号(我觉得这个对做notes比较有用)~1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:   Abbreviations in Note taking   Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.   Sy...
口译笔记速记符号(我觉得这个对做notes比较有用)~
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:   Abbreviations in Note taking   Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.   Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references.   S   =   sum   f   =   frequency   Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.   cf   =   compare   e.g.   =   example   dept   =   department   Use only the first syllable of a word.   pol   =   politics   dem   =   democracy   lib   =   liberal   cap   =   capitalism   Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.   pres   =   presentation   subj   =   subject   ind   =   individual   cons   =   conservative   Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.   assoc   =   associate   biol   =   biology   info   =   information   ach   =   achievement   chem   =   chemistry   max   =   maximum   intro  =   introduction   conc   =   concentration   min   =   minimum   rep   =   repetition   Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.   ppd   =   prepared   prblm   =   problem   estmt   =   estimate   bkgd   =   background   gvt   =   government   Use an apostrophe in place of letters.   am't   =   amount   cont'd   =   continued   gov't   =   government   educat'l   =   educational   Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.   chpts   =   chapters   egs   =   examples   fs   =   frequencies   intros   =   introductions   Use g to represent ing endings.   ckg   =   checking   estg   =   establishing   decrg   =   decreasing   exptg   =   experimenting   Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.   Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.   Leave out unimportant words.   Leave out the words a and the.   If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.   Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.   &   =   and   w/   =   with   w/o   =   without   vs   =   against   \   =   therefore   =    =   is or equal   Use technical symbols where applicable.   zb   =   German, for example   ibid   =   Latin, the same work   o   =   degrees   H2O   =   water   More reference:   Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:   + plus   // parallel   Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:   eg example   IT dept Information Technology department   UK United Kingdom   Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:   mar marketing   cus customer   cli client   Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:   subj subject   budg budget   ind individual   To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:   tech'gy technology   gen'ion generalisation   del'y delivery   Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:   assoc associated   ach achievement   info information   Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:   bkgd background   mvmt movement   prblm problem   Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:   custs customers   fs frequencies   /s ratios   Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:   decrg decreasing   ckg checking   estblg establishing   Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:   in   but   as   key   Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:   is   was   were   Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:   a   an   the   If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:   January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB   Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:   @ at   2 to   4 for   & and   w/ with   w/o without   vs against   Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.   Other Symbols and Abbreviations   as a result of / consequences of <——>   resulting in ——>   and / also +   equal to / same as =   following ff   most importantly *   less than <   greater than > especially esp/  一、 缩略词   英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。   缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:   F拿掉所有元音   MKT: market   MGR: manager   MSG: message   STD: standard   RCV: receive   F保留前几个字母   INFO information   INS insurance   EXCH exchange   I owe you IOU   In stead of I/O   F保留开头和结尾个发音字母   WK week   RM room   PL people   F根据发音   R are   THO though   THRU through   高级口译听力常用英语缩略词   缩略词 原词   APT Apartment   ACC Accountant   ACDG According   ACPT Accept   AD Advertisement   ADS Address   ADV Advice   AMAP As much/many as possible   AMT Amount   APV Approve   ASAP As soon as possible   BAL Balance   BLDG Building   CERT Certificate   CFM Conform   CNCL Cancel   CNF Conference   CMI Commission   CMP Complete   CMPE Compete/competitive   CMU Communication   CONC Concern/concerning/concerned   COND Condition   CO. Company   DEPT Department   DISC Discount   DPT Departure   EXCH Exchange   EXPLN Explain   EXT Extent   FLT Flight   FNT Final   FRT Freight   FYR For your reference   GD Good   GUAR Guarantee   H.O. Home office   INFO Information   IMPS Impossible   IMP(T) Important   INCD Include   INDIV Individual   INS Insurance   INTST Interested   I/O In stead of   IOU I owe you   IVO In view of   MANUF Manufacture   MDL Model   MEMO Memorandum   MGR Manger   MIN Minimum   MKT Market   MSG Message   NCRY Necessary   NLT No later than   OBS Observe   OBT Obtain   ORD Ordinary   PAT Patent   PC Piece   PKG Packing   PL People   PLS Please   POSN Position   POSS(BL) Possible   PROD Product   QLTY Quality   QUTY Quantity   RCV Receive   REF Reference   REGL Regular   REP Representative   RESN Reservation   RPT Repeat   RESPON Responsible   SEC Section   SITN Situation   STD Standard   TEL Telephone   TEMP Temporary   TGM Telegraph   THO Though   TKS Thanks   TRD Trade   TRF Traffic   TTL Total   U You   UR Your   WK Week   WL Will   WT Weight   XL Extra larg  二、 字母、图像   Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ.   C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government.governmental official 可以表示为 CZ   P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZ   E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.  E 数学符号表示总值。   G 表示效率:efficient, effective.G为效率符号。   Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。   A 表示农业: agriculture.  agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。   B 表示商业:business.   C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation. W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。   i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。   U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。   O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口   这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.   T 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT   ⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium   k 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。   O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.   J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.   L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.   EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.   O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc. 三、 箭头   g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.   表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.   表示屈服:submit to   f 表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.   表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate   h 表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.   表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.   表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc   表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.   四、 数学符号   + 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.   ++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more   +3 表示"多"的最高级:most   - 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.   × 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc. > 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.   表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.   < 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.   表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.   = 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.   表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.   ( ) 表示"在……之间":among, within, etc.   ≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.   表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.   ~ 表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.   / 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.   五、 标点等   : 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.   ? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?   . (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."   ∧ 表示转折   √ 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.   表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.   ☆ 表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.   n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.   &  表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.   ∥ 表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.   六、 较长单词的处理办法   -ism   简写为  m 例如:socialism Sm   -tion  简 简写为  n 例如:standardization (化)  stdn   -cian 简 简写为  o 例如:technician  techo   -ing 简写为  g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg   -ed 简写为  d 例如:accepted  acptd   -able/ible/ble 简写为  bl 例如:available avbl   -ment 简写为  mt 例如:amendment  amdmt   -ize 简写为  z 例如:recognize regz   -ful 简写为  fl 例如:meaningful mnfl     大于 > 小于 < 小于或等于 ≤ 大于或等于 ≥ 等于、意味着 = 不等于 ≠ 约等于 ≈ 遗憾、悲哀 ; 高兴、荣兴 ( 错误、否、不、否定 × 正确、对、好、肯定 √ 不同意 N 同意 Y 上升、增加 ↑ 下降、减少 ↓ 强、好 + 更强、更好 ++ 弱、差 - 更弱、更差 ―― 因为 ∵ 所以 ∴ 优秀 ★ 属于 ∈ 胜利 V 问题、疑问 ? 和、与 & 结论是 => 促进、发展↗ 国家 □ 国与国 □/□ 原因 ← 导致、结果 → 对立、冲突 >< 波折 << 会议、会面 ⊙ 进入 ∩ 接触、交往 ∞ 分歧 ⊥ 非常、十分重要 ** 坚持 ≡ 关键 ! 奇观 ! 有关 @ 替换为 ∽ 但是 ‖ 与……比较而言 ∥ 空洞 ○ 代表 △
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