皮格马利翁

nullPygmalion Pygmalion 张家国 背景知识介绍(background) 刘杨 作者介绍及作品展示(author and the works) 田金婵 主题把握(theme) (刘杨代) 卢姗姗 情节赏析(plot) 叶柏慧 人物形象分析(Character images) 朱玲娜 写作手法(artistic features and writing style)artistic featuresartistic featuresBackground Of creating Pygmalion Background Of creating Pygmalion the emergence of the sense of the female.the emergence of the sense of the female.Completing the industrial Revolution in the 1830s,Britain enjoys fast economic development in the Victorian age.Moreover,it plundered(掠夺） innumerable treasure from overseas expansion and colonization.The massive fortune brought by the Industrial Revolution also brought an unimaginable transformation into the English society.Women stepped out of their houses and worked in textile factories ,earning money to support themselves and their families. Better economic conditions made English women more indepent and more assertive（坚定自信的） in their roles and rights in society and family.However,sexual inequality couldn't be solved overnightHowever,sexual inequality couldn't be solved overnightShaw was considered to be one of the early male feminists.Shaw was considered to be one of the early male feminists.He propagandized(进行宣传） for equality between men and women through most of his plays. In his mind, women could stand up for their rights and assert their social status Through hard work,they can make as great achievement as their male counterparts.Sympathy for the interest of women anger toward discrimination Indeed,he loved the ladied and created great roles for them. 千岁人 康蒂坦 圣女贞德PygmalionPygmalionA flower girl who supports herself by the sweat of her brow,she dreams of having a decent job and lifestyle as a shop assistant,which is the driving force behind her effort of learning speaking proper English language.However,after getting what she originally wants,Elize realizes that she couldn't find her proper status as long as her male counterparts still regard her as inferior.It's at this moment that she turns from a native girl to a strong and indepent modern woman.She's the epitome of the struggling women in the face of social conventions at that times.nullAbout the Author and his WorksRemarkable SayingRemarkable SayingBehind every successful man, there is a woman and behind every unsuccessful man, there are two. The wise never marry and when they marry they become otherwise. God made relatives; Thank God we can choose our friends. The more you learn, the more you know. The more you know, the more you forget. The more you forget, the less you know. So why learn? By George Bernard Shaw SHAW!null1.about his life2. about his career3. some of his famous workscontents Early years and familyEarly years and family George Bernard Shaw was born in Synge Street, Dublin in 1856 to George Carr Shaw (1814–85), an unsuccessful grain merchant and sometime civil servant, and Lucinda Elizabeth Shaw, née Gurly (1830–1913), a professional singer. He had two sisters, Lucinda Frances (1853–1920), a singer of musical comedy and light opera, and Elinor Agnes (1855–76).school education school education Wesleyan Connexional Schoola private schoolDublin's Central Model SchoolHE HATES SCHOOL!!!Wesleyan Connexional ScDublin English Scientific and Commercial Day SchoolhoolWRITTING CAREER BEGAN IN LONDON WRITTING CAREER BEGAN IN LONDON library the British Museum reading roomnull1.writting denied 2. winning fame in musical and literary criticism a lot of works 1925,nobel prize working on nullIn his eyes, writing is a method to criticize the society and reveal truth. So in his works, we can see his thoughts and opinions about the society and life. Famous Works Famous Works CRITICS NOVELS MUSICAL SHORT STORIES PLAYS POLEMICS AND SO ON Famous PlaysFamous Plays　　●《武器与人》Arms and the Man ●《华伦夫人的职业》（Mrs Warren's Profession） 《鳏夫的房产》（Widowers' Houses） 　 　　●《人与超人》（Man and Superman） ●《圣女贞德》（Saint Joan） 　　 ●《卖花女》（Pygmalion） 　 （1964年改编成电影《窈窕淑女》，当年获奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳改编音乐等八座小金人。） 　 　 ●《魔鬼的门徒》（The Devil's Disciple） 　●《伤心之家》（Heartbreak House） 　　 　　 ●《巴巴拉少校》（Major Barbara） 　　●《苹果车》（The Apple Cart） 　 　Man and Superman Man and Superman Man and Superman tells the story of two rivals: John Tanner (a wealthy, politically-minded intellectual who values his freedom) and Ann Whitefield (a charming, scheming hypocritical young woman who wants Tanner as a husband). Once Tanner realizes that Miss Whitefield is hunting for a spouse (and that he is the only target), he attempts to flee, only to find out that his attraction to Ann is too overwhelming to escape. Saint Joan"There are no villains in the piece. Crime, like disease, is not interesting: it is something to be done away with by general consent, and that is all [there is] about it. It is what men do at their best, with good intentions, and what normal men and women find that they must and will do in spite of their intentions, that really concern us." Saint JoanSaint Joan Saint Joan PygmalionPygmalionnullnullnull Personal opinion! In my pinion, the theme of < Pygmalion> is criticizing the current thoughts to dignity and tell the reader what the real dignity is. At the beginning of the novel, Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, made a bet on the a Cockney flower girl, who looked dirty and humble, with his friend, Colonel Pickering. Henry Higgins came from the upper reaches of society and looked much nobler than the flower girl. When finally the flower girl used the dignity what she learnt from Henry Higgins to ridicule him politely, his impression was more like when the flower sold flowers standing on the street: rude and crazy. null Shaw made a turn of fate on the girl and played a big joke. Then we can see thorough those laughters, even though those people like Henry Higgins, who comes from the upper reaches of society, it does not show that they have dignity, they are civilized and have pure soul. In contrast, these people like the flower girl, they have purer soul, clever brain and common emotion. null The dignity comes from the mental world, but not the physical world! nullnullProfessor of phonetics Henry Higgins makes a bet that he can train a bedraggled Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to pass for a duchess at an ambassador's garden party by teaching her to assume a veneer of gentility, the most important element of which, he believes, is impeccable speech. In the process, Higgins and Doolittle grow close, but she ultimately rejects his domineering ways and declares she will marry Freddy Eynsford-Hill – a young, poor, gentleman. The play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a comment on women's independence, packaged as a romantic comedy.null'Covent Garden' - 11.15p.m. Higgins tells Pickering that he could pass off the flower girl as a duchess merely by teaching her to speak properly. These words of bravado spark an interest in Eliza, who would love to make changes in her life and become more mannerly, even though, to her, it only means working in a flower shop. act onenullHiggins' home - Next Day. Pickering makes a bet with Higgins on his claim that he could pass Eliza for a duchess, and says that he will pay for her lessons if Higgins succeeds. Eliza's father, appears with the sole purpose of getting money out of Higgins. The scene ends with Higgins telling Pickering that they really have got a difficult job on their hands.act twonullact threeMrs. Higgins' drawing room. Eliza is now able to speak in beautifully modulated tones, but the substance of what she says remains unchanged from the gutter. Higgins passes off her remarks as "the new small talk". But the six months are not yet up, and just in time for the Embassy Ball Eliza learns to behave properly as well as to speak properly. The challenge she faces is increased, however, by the presence at the Ball of Nepommuck, a former pupil of Higgins' who speaks 32 languages and is acting as an interpreter for a "Greek diplomatist" who was in fact born the son of a Clerkenwell watchmaker and "speaks English so villainously that he dare not utter a word of it lest he betray his origin." nullact fourHiggins' home - midnight Higgins, Pickering, and Eliza have returned from the ball. Higgins scoffs and declares the evening a "silly tomfoolery", thanking God it's over and saying that he had been sick of the whole thing for the last two months. Eliza was very angry that she failed to control herself, Eliza gave vent to her anger by hurling the slippers at Higgins. They had a quarrel then, but Higgins gave in at last, and went to sleep. As for Eliza, she chose to leave without telling Higgins and Pickering, and went to visit Mrs. Higgins.nullact fiveMrs. Higgins' drawing room- the next morning. With the help of Mrs. Higgins, Eliza had a talk with Higgins at last. Higgins wanted Eliza back with him, but he would treat her just as what he had treated her before. He said that he would not change his manners, and he would not want to change his nature. But Eliza didn’t like that. She wanted Higgins to care about her, she wanted a little kindness. And all that the handsome boy, Freddy could give her, so she decided to marry Freddy. Professor Henry HigginsProfessor Henry HigginsHiggins is a professor of phonetics who plays Pygmalion to Eliza Doolittle. He is brilliant, arrogant and rude but highly intelligent. His many unpleasant words to Eliza are cruel, but the audience should not overlook his better points, such as his goal of creating a better society through knowledge and elimination of class and prejudices. He is an unconventional man, who goes in the opposite direction from the rest of society in most matters. believes that, by using phonetics, accents could be eliminated and therefore, with everyone speaking the same way, society would become classless. Higgins is sexist. He never thinks much of women. Indeed, he is impatient with high society, forgetful in his public graces, and poorly considerate of normal social niceties--the only reason the world has not turned against him is because he is at heart a good and harmless man. His biggest fault is that he can be a bully.Eliza DoolittleEliza Doolittle"She is not at all a romantic figure. Everything about Eliza seems to defy any conventional notions we might have about the romantic heroine. When she is transformed from a sassy, smart-mouthed flower girl with deplorable English, to a regal figure fit to consort with nobility, it has less to do with her innate qualities as a heroine than with the fairy-tale aspect of the transformation myth itself. The real re-making of Eliza happens after the ambassador's party, when she decides to make a statement for her own dignity against Higgins' insensitive treatment. She is straightforward, strong and intelligent , but she does not truly belong to either the lower or middle class. She cannot go back to being a flower girl, however she does not feel completely at ease in the middle class. This is when she becomes, not a duchess, but an independent woman; and this explains why Higgins begins to see Eliza not as a mill around his neck but as a creature worthy of his admiration. Colonel PickeringColonel PickeringColonel Pickering, the author of Spoken Sanskrit, is a match for Higgins (although somewhat less obsessive) in his passion for phonetics. He treats Eliza well. But where Higgins is a boorish, careless bully, Pickering is always considerate and a genuinely gentleman. He says little of note in the play, and appears most of all to be a civilized foil to Higgins' barefoot, absentminded crazy professor. He helps in the Eliza Doolittle experiment by making a wager of it, saying he will cover the costs of the experiment if Higgins does indeed make a convincing duchess of her. However, while Higgins only manages to teach Eliza pronunciations, it is Pickering's thoughtful treatment towards Eliza that teaches her to respect herself. Alfred DoolittleAlfred DoolittleAlfred Doolittle is Eliza's father, an elderly but vigorous dustman who has had at least six wives and who "seems equally free from fear and conscience." When he learns that his daughter has entered the home of Henry Higgins, he immediately pursues to see if he can get some money out of the circumstance. His unique brand of rhetoric, an unembarrassed, unhypocritical advocation of drink and pleasure (at other people's expense), is amusing to Higgins. Through Higgins' joking recommendation, Doolittle becomes a richly endowed lecturer to a moral reform society, transforming him from lowly dustman to a picture of middle class morality--he becomes miserable. He is a good example of the new upwardly mobile middle class. Throughout, Alfred is a scoundrel who is willing to sell his daughter to make a few pounds, but he is one of the few unaffected characters in the play, unmasked by appearance or language. Though scandalous, his speeches are honest. At points, it even seems that he might be Shaw's voice piece of social criticism. He provides much comic relief throughout the play. And his comments on “middle-class morality” sound true.Mrs. HigginsMrs. HigginsProfessor Higgins' mother, Mrs. Higgins is a stately lady in her sixties who sees the Eliza Doolittle experiment as idiocy, and Higgins and Pickering as senseless children. She is the first and only character to have any qualms about the whole affair. When her worries prove true, it is to her that all the characters turn. Because no woman can match up to his mother, Higgins claims, he has no interest in dallying with them. To observe the mother of Pygmalion (Higgins), who completely understands all of his failings and inadequacies, is a good contrast to the mythic proportions to which Higgins builds himself in his self-estimations as a scientist of phonetics and a creator of duchesses. Freddy Eynsford HillFreddy Eynsford HillHiggins' surmise that Freddy is a fool is probably accurate. In the opening scene he is a spineless and resourceless lackey to his mother and sister. Later, he is comically bowled over by Eliza, the half-baked duchess who still speaks cockney. He becomes lovesick for Eliza, and courts her with letters. He is not worthy of Eliza’s love due to his foolish nature, but she accepts him anyway for his cares for her and respects her. At the play's close, Freddy serves as a young, viable marriage option for Eliza, making the possible path she will follow unclear to the reader. artistic features artistic features writing styleartistic features artistic features The problem plays -- As a realistic dramatist ,he took the modern social issues as his subjects they can be termed as problem plays . The character-portrayal -- Shaw's characterization is that he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another . Another feature is that Shaw's Characters are the representatives of ideas ,points of view .artistic featuresartistic featuresThe inversion of the situation Much of his drama is constructed around the inversion of a conventional theatrical situation. The inversion is an integral part of an interpretation of life .Inversion is also used in character portrayal to achieve comic effects. artistic featuresartistic featuresThe vitality of the talk It is the vitality of the talk that takes primacy over mere story. Action is reduced to minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of the audience. Style of Pygmalion Style of Pygmalion Plotting with a Purpose Pygmalion has a tightly-constructed plot, rising conflict, and other qualities of the “well-made play” ,a popular form at the time. Shaw, however, revolutionized the English stage by disposing of other conventions of the well-made play; he discarded its theatrical dependence on prolonging and then resolving conflict in a sometimes contrived manner for a theater of ideas grounded in realism. Style of PygmalionStyle of PygmalionIntellect Vs. Entertainment Shaw broke both with the predominant intellectual principle of his day, that of “art for art’s sake”, as well as with the popular notion that the purpose of the theatre was strictly to entertain. Refusing to write a single sentence for the sake of either art or entertainment alone, Shaw openly declared that he was for a theater which preached to its audience on social issues. Style of PygmalionStyle of PygmalionThough his plays do tend towards ideological discussion rather than dramatic tension, Shaw succeeded because he nevertheless understood what made a play theatrical, wrote scintillating dialogue, and always created rich, complex characters in the center of a philosophically complex drama. Style of PygmalionStyle of PygmalionAlso, Shaw's deep belief in the need for social improvement did not prevent him from having a wry sense of humor, an additional component of his dramatic technique which helped his plays, Pygmalion most predominantly, bridge a gap between popular and intellectual art. Style of PygmalionStyle of PygmalionRomance In calling Pygmalion a romance (its subtitle is “A Romance in Five Acts”), Shaw was referencing a well-established literary form (not usually employed in theatre), to which Pygmalion does not fully conform. The term romance does not imply, as it was misinterpreted to mean by many of Shaw’s contemporaries, a romantic element between Liza and Higgins. Since the middle ages, romances have been distinguished from more realistic forms by their exotic, exaggerated narratives, and their idealized characters and themes.