军队著名中医治疗急性心肌梗死经验介绍

-Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Robots in Our Life Prof. LI You Fu (Coordinator) Prof. HO Kin Lim John (Lab) Dr. LAI Wai Chiu King (Lab) Dr. SHEN Yajing (Lecture) 1 GE2320 ‐‐How Applications of Robots Affect Our Life and Society‐‐ -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Review Mid‐term Project: 20 % Open Project: 40 % 1 2 3 4 5 6 LEGO assembly Programming Contest Open project Open project Demonstration 2 • You are encouraged  to built the team by yourselves. (6 students/group)  • Each team should prepare one computer.  Goal Robot Road Team performance: • First: 20 • Second: 17 • Third: 15 • Achieve the Goal: 10 • Get lost: 7 • Dead: <5 Team performance: 30 • Creativity • Sensor usage • Intelligent • Etc. Self‐evaluation: 10 • Your contribution  to your team Group1: 38 (6 team) Gruop2: 27 (5 team) -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Review  The universe is an undifferentiated whole. So does Robot! It’s an integration of different techniques.  Nothing is easy. Leaning is like mountain climbing. Stay hungry, stay foolish, try your best. 3 -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 4 Robot example - My Spoon www.helmic.dk/velteknyt http://www.secom.co.jp/ My Spoon feeding robot, which helps elderly  or disabled people eat with a spoon‐ and fork‐ fitted swiveling arm. -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Timeline of Robot  Legend or Myth  It may be a dream.  Automata  Automatic machine, but not programmable  Programmable machine  To some extent, it’s programmable.  Robot  The word “Robot”, since 1921 5 -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Ancient beginnings 6  Western  (2000 BC?) Legends of Cadmus, who sowed dragon teeth that turned into soldiers; and the Myth of Pygmalion, whose statue of Galatea came to life.  (???) Others: Clay life: Golem in Jewish lore, Mistcalf in the Younger Edda, Norse mythology.  (4th century BC) “The Pigeon”, a mechanical bird which was propelled by steam, in Greece.  (4th century BC) Clepsydra, as a stop-watch for imposing a time limit on clients' visits in Athenian brothels in Greco-Roman world.  (250 BC) Clepsydra, by Ctesibius of Alexandria, a physicist and inventor from Ptolemaic Egypt.  (10–70 AD) Heron's engine, a rocket-like reaction engine and the first-recorded steam engine by Hero of Alexandria, who had made numerous innovations in the field of automata, including one that allegedly could speak. Clepsydra Heron's engine -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Ancient beginnings 7  China  (1023–957 BC) Automatic Figure, by Yan Shi. “It walked with rapid strides, moving its head up and down…….all the internal organs complete—liver, gall, heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys, stomach and intestines...... The king (Emperor Mu of Zhou) took away the heart, and found that the mouth could no longer speak; he took away the liver and the eyes could no longer see; took away the kidneys and the legs lost their power of locomotion. ”---from Lie Zi  Tang Wen  (507-440 BC) --- Bird, by Lu Ban. “Gongshuzi [Lu Ban] constructed a bird from bamboo and wood and when it was completed he flew it. It stayed up [in the air] for three days.”---from Mo Zi  Lu Wen -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Ancient beginnings Aristotle speculated in his Politics (ca. 322 BC, book 1, part 4) that automatons could someday bring about human equality by making possible the abolition of slavery: “There is only one condition in which we can imagine managers not needing subordinates, and masters not needing slaves. This condition would be that each instrument could do its own work, at the word of command or by intelligent anticipation...”---from Homer’s Iliad 8 Aristotle I love my teacher Plato greatly , but I love truth more Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas Friend        Plato,      but    more       friend         truth One dream in mind: -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Medieval Times  (8th century) Automatic device, like wind powered statues, artificial snakes, scorpions, were built in Baghdad.  (1088) Clock Tower. Designed by Su Song in Kaifeng, China. A 10-metre-high mechanical equipment that chimed the hours, ringing gongs or bells among other devices.  (1136–1206) Al-Jazari, an Arab Muslim inventor during the Artuqid dynasty, designed and constructed a number of complex programmable Automatic machines.  (Around the same age) Pope Silvester II, Roger Bacon, Villard de Honnecourt, Robert II, etc. 9 Jazari's humanoid robot -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Renaissance and early modern period 10  (1495) Knight, One of the first recorded designs of a humanoid robot was made by Leonardo da Vinci. It contain detailed drawings, which was able to sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw.  (1642) Mechanical Calculator, invented by Blaise Pascal [Pa], which could be the first digital calculator in the world. He was followed by Giovanni Poleni, who built the second functional mechanical calculator in 1709.  (1662) Butai Karukuri, the first Japanese Automata by clockmaker Takeda Omi.  (1737) Digesting Duck, one of the most famous works created by Jacques de Vaucanson.  (In the 18th century) Miniature automatons became popular as toys for the very rich. They were made to look and move like humans or small animals. Knight model Pascal's calculator Duck -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Renaissance and early modern period “Automata” --- a machine or control mechanism designed to follow automatically a predetermined sequence of operations or respond to encoded instructions. 11 Karakuri, JapanIn Swiss Museum Tippoo's Tiger, India Silver Swan, in Bowes Museum Automatic, but unprogrammable -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- Modern period  (1801) Jacquard Loom. Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a machine (essentially a loom) that could be programmed to create designs that could be printed onto cloth or tissue.  (1830) Cam-operated Lathe. Christopher Spencer designs a cam-operated lathe. It is a form of metalworking lathe that is used for repetitive production of duplicate parts.  (1898) Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled (teleoperated) boat. 12 Jacquard’s Loom Cam‐operated Lathe Radio‐controlled (teleoperated) boat -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1920s  (1921) The word “robot” was first used by the Czech author Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. Coined by Karel’s brother Josef, the term "robot" is derived from the Czech word “robata”, meaning “serf”, "forced labor" or “drudgery”. 13 The plot was about a man who makes a robot then the robot kills the man. “Robots are not people. They are mechanically more  perfect than we are, they have an astounding intellectual  capacity, but they have no soul” -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1930s 14  (1937) ELEKTRO, Westinghouse creates a human- like robot that could walk, talk, and smoke. -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1940s  (1941) In his story “Liar!”, Isaac Asimov first used the word “robotics” to describe the science of robots and predicted the boost of a robot industry. 15  (1942) Asimov wrote “Runaround”, a story about robots which included the “Three Laws of Robotics”  A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.  A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.  A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict withe the First or Second Law. Picture from Si‐MOCs Amazing! Do you trust the robot? -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1940s 16 John Parsons conceptualizes a method  of controlling machines with numbers,  eventually leading to CNC. 1942 1948 Claude Shannon turned the world on its head by  developing Information Theory, which blazed a trail  toward digital communication. MIT MIT math prodigy Norbert Wiener coins the term cybernetics to define the study of how information, control, and feedback operated in both machines and living creatures. 1948 John Bardeen invented  transistor, the transistor  revolutionized the field  of electronics, and paved  the way for smaller and  cheaper radios,  calculators, and  computers, among other  things. 1947 -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1950s 17 1950 PC ? OR  Not? Alan Turing, arguably the father of  computer science and artificial  intelligence(AI). Proposes his now  famous Turing Test, which become one  of the standards used to determine  whether a machine is intelligent or not. The first programmable robot “Universal  Automation” is designed by George Devol (right) in 1954; Devol and engineer Joseph  Engelberger (left) form the world's first robot company, Unimation in 1956. 1954‐1956 Astro Boy 1952 Robby 1956  Robot theory  Computer science  Manufacturing ability  Industry requirement  Peoples’ interest  Etc… The robot time is really coming! -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1960s 18 1961 Unimate, the first  industrial robot was in  a General Motors  automobile factory in  New Jersey.  1963 Rancho Arm, the first  artificial robotic arm  controlled by a  computer.  1965 GE Walking Truck,  The first manually  controlled walking  truck, it could walk up to four miles  an hour. Shakey, the first general‐ purpose mobile robot, it  can recognize an object,  find its way to the object and perform some  action, by Stanford  University 1966‐1972 Stanford's Arm, the first  successful electrically powered,  computer‐controlled robot arm. 1969 WAP‐1, the first biped  robot was designed in  Waseda university, Japan.  Air bags connected to the  frame were used to  stimulate artificial muscles 1969 1966 Phoney Poney, the  first computer  controlled  walking  machine. USA -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1970s 19 Lunokhod 1, the first roving  remote‐controlled robot to  land on another celestial  body, launched on November  10, 1970, Russia 1970 • With stereo vision.(a tv camera) • Take pictures from several  different angles • The computer gauged the  distance between the cart  and obstacles in its path 1960‐1979 The Standford Cart  1973 WABOT‐1, the first full‐scale  anthropomorphic robot built in the  world. It consisted of a limb  control system, a vision system,  and a conversation system.  • Communication • Measure distance and direction • Grip and transport objects -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1970s 20 Famulus, the first with six  electric motor‐driven  axes, Kuka company. 1973 1977 C‐3PO  R2‐D2 Star Wars I A number of six‐egged walking machines were built The first P.U.M.A. Robot was  developed by Unimation for  General Motors. 1976 Many companies came to robotic field as the  robot technique matures. A long time ago, in a  galaxy far, far away... -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1980s  1980 - A new robot company enters the market every month!  1981 - IBM enters the robotics field with its 7535 and 7565 Manufacturing Systems.  1983 - Westinghouse Electric Corporation bought Unimation, Inc., later sold Unimation to Staubli of Switzerland.  Robots with complex actions were appeared more and more due to the fast development of control theory and computer technology. 21 Quasi‐dynamic walking, JP WL‐9DR 1980 1985 RB5X A programmable robot  equipped with infrared sensors,  remote audio/video  transmission, bump sensors,  and a voice synthesizer. It had  software that could enable it to  learn about its environment. Robots in multi‐mediaGenghis 1989 A robot that walks;  emergent behaviors  from a carefully  evolved network, MIT -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1980s 22 Short circuit Star trek Robocop How to get along well with Mr. Robot? -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1990s  1990 - iRobot Corporation was founded by Rodney Brooks, Colin Angle and Helen Greiner and produced domestic and military robots.  1997- Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing computer won the second six-game match against world champion Garry Kasparov for the first time.  1997 - NASA’s Path Finder lands on Mars and the Sojourner Rover robot captures images of the planet. 23 WIN -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 1990s  1998- Edinburgh Modular Arm System, the first prosthetic arm that used robotics. Others types of robots: like Kismet (97), LEGO, Furby, etc  1999- Sony Dog, Robot fish, Cye robot, etc 24 Kismet, robot can be sociable LEGO Edinburgh Modular Arm System Furby Cye Robot Sony Dog -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 2000-now 25 The number of robots worldwide  continued to grow rapidly and is now  on course to reach 100 million by 2020. -Dept. of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering- 26 Thank you! yajishen@cityu.edu.hk Our offices are always open for you