手机按键设计

This Design Guide booklet will provides a basic design rules and information needed to help designers during initial stage of design. It also shows the various technologies used keypad manufacturing , technologies needed to serve the various needs of customers. Table of contents: 1.0 TPU film properties 2.0 How is it used ? 3.0 Why choose TPU as mobile phone keypad design ? 4.0 Comparison between TPU & Silicone rubber base 5.0 TPU     5.1 Manufacturing process     5.2 Printing specification     5.3 Geometry     5.4 Thickness     5.5 Forming 6.0 Keypad Design     6.1 Plastic keycap     6.2 Navigation & OK key     6.3 Fool proof     6.4 Blind dot     6.5 Double colour keycap     6.6 Colour icon specification     6.7 Design specification     6.8 Assembly clearance between plastic keycap and rubber 7.0 Proess     7.1 electroplating     7.2 sputtering     7.3 IMD-In Mould Decoration     7.4 Icon color can be achievable by     7.5 Spray paint thickness     7.6 Assembly-Plastic keycap +Rubber 8.0 General properties of silicone rubber 9.0 Silicone rubber material     9.1 Why use silicone rubber?     9.2 Products range     9.3 what’s a durometer     9.4 General specification     9.5 Physical properties     9.6 Type of contact resistance     9.7 Force curve interpretation     9.8 Switch life     9.9 Travel & Force     9.10 Dimensional Tolerance     9.11 Actuation Force Tolerance     9.12 Dimensional requirement 10.0 Key structure design guide     10.1 Recommended construction     10.2 Clearance between knob & front bezel     10.3 Multi Functional/Directional knob 11.0 Features in keypad     11.1 Undercut     11.2 Sealing     11.3 Stabilizing a knob 12.0 Key cut 13.0 Engraving and Embossing on knob 14.0 Different durometer and colour cap in the basic keypad 15.0 Printing guide 16.0 Improve printed graphics abrasion resistance 17.0 Dimple/Blind Dot 18.0 Graphics File Transfer 19.0 Measurement of conductive pellet resistance 20.0 CAD Data Exchange 21.0 Web structure for Polydome / Metaldome 22.0 Metaldome     22.1 Assembly onto PCB     22.2 Assembly onto keypad     22.3 EMI shielding 23.0 Metaldome type & specification     23.1 Round dome     23.2 Round dome with dimple     23.3 4-Leg dome     23.4 DR dome 24.0 Polydome specification     24.1 Assembly onto keypad     24.2 Assembly onto PCB 25.0 PCB design pattern     25.1 PCB pattern for round metal dome     25.2 PCB pattern for polydome 1、​ TPU film properties Thermoplastic polyurethane films offer the uniqueness of high tensile strengths,high flexibility,excellent abrasion resistance and low temperature properties when compared to other polymers.Thermoplastic polyurethane films can be thermoformed and printed. 2、​ How is it used ? Thermoplastic polyurethane is co-molded with liquid silicone rubber by compression molding process. 3、​ Why choose TPU as mobile phone keypad design ? 1) Thin/Lignt weight/Tough/Ease in Handling     >Stiff enough to place onto front housign    2) Dimensional stability         >Final geometry are done by precision punching tool 3) Good light masking control         >Base printing are all done at 2nd souface 4、​ Comparison between TPU & Silicone Rubber * The comparison chart is base on thickness is less than 0.30mm 5、 TPU 5.1 Manufacturing process 5.2 Printing Specification The printed TPU will have a slight offset during the molding process. If a single button would like to have 2 colour icon, is required to have minimum 3.0mm space between the 2 icons. All colour are printed on 2nd surface. 5.3 Geometry  Sketches shown are general guidelines to follow. 5.4 Thickness 1. thickness: Min 0.20 / Max 0.40 2. thickness :above 0.40 *recommended thickness 0.25mm  For the base thickness above 0.4, the *0.5 clearance is required for the punching tool . 5.5 Forming i) height :maximum 0.40 mm. ii) Advantages: To compensate plastic key height.                        : To prevent the adhesive glue over flow resulted poor click feeling. 6 keypad design 6.1 plastic keycap 6.1.1 solid type ​ In case of flange thickness <0.3mm, kindly consult for feasibility 6.1.2 Hollow with rib type –TPU / Rubber 6.1.3 hollow with Rib Type –Rubber 6.1.4 Hollow type Advantages And Disadvantages 6.2 navigation key & ok key 6.3 Fool proof Fool proof is necessary to prevent“off-set”or“mismatch”in assembly 6.4 Blind Dot i) Is advised to add the radius to minimize the“Ripple ”effect during the spraying process.  ii) Is recommend to place blind dot away from the graphics or center of button. This is to reduce abrasion and contact. ​ Blind dot height will determine how serious the“Ripple" 6.5 Double colour keycap 6.6 colour icon specification for dual injection electroplating part: The purpose is to facilitate the plating process. 6.7 P+R Design specification d* -diameter of metal dome 6.8​ assembly clearance between plastic keycap and rubber 7.0 process 7.1 electroplating  Electroplating is the deposition of a metallic coating onto an object by putting a negative charge onto the object and immersing it into a solution which contains a salt of the metal to be deposited . The metallic ions of the salt carry a positive charge and are attracted to the part .When they reach it ,the negatively charged part provides the electrons to reduce the positively charged ions to metallic form.  7.2 sputtering sputtering is a technology in which the material is released from the source at much lower temperature the evaporation. The substrate is placed in a vacuum chamber with the source material,named a target,an inert gas (such as argon ) is introduced at low pressure . a gas plasma is struck using an RF power source, causing the gas to become ionized ,the ions are accelerated towards the surface of the target,causing atoms of the cource material to break off from the target in vapor form and condense on all surface including the substrate. As for evaporation ,the basic principle of sputtering is the same for all sputtering technologies.the differences typically relate to the manor in which the ion bombardment of the target is realized. *All thickness value (in micron) are for refernce. 7.3 IMD, In-Mould decoration In-mould decoration, or IMD , is an extraordinary process that fuses high-impact , precision graphics with injection-moulded plastic products. The IMD process includes inserting the printed graphic or decoration into the injection molding tool ahead of the plastic resin . Graphics and decorations adhere to the resin as it is being molded and form a near molecular bond with the finished plastic part. * For higher jorming height,kindly consult us for feasibility. Manufacturing process 7.4 Icon colour can be achievable by 1) injection 2) spraying 3) tempo/silk print on 1st surface 4) tempo/silk prink on 2nd surface 5) silk screen on keypad base * all process are included laser etch and UV hard coat 7.5 spray paint thickness: silver colour decoration 7.6 assembly plastic keycap+rubber(P+R) 8.0 General Properties of silicone rubber Slicone rubber is a unique synthetic elastomer made from a cross-linked polymer which is reinforced with silica.its characteristics are such that it provides the perfect balance of mechanical and chemical properties required by many of today’s most demanding applications. 9.0 Silicone Rubber Material Lists of major Silicone material suppliers are: Shinetsu, Dow-Corning ,Toray ,Toshiba, GE, Wacker and Bayer.  9.1 why use silicone rubber Silicone has these special characteristics and advantages:  Extreme temperature applications,-118c to 316c  Inert, odorless,tasteless,stainless-ideal for medical and food applications.  High resistance to weathering and oxidation.  Excellent electrical qualities – many superior dielectric and insulation characteristics in special compounds.  Superior resistance to many chemicals.  High resistance to ozone and corona  Very good thermal resistance–special flame retardant compounds are available.  Superior water resistance–low water adsorption 9.2 products range  Remote Controls  Measuring Instruments  Key Boards  Calculator  Test Instruments  Office Machines  Radios Toys  Telephone  Automotive 9.3 what’s a durometer? An in struments used for measuring the indentation hardness of materals. Durometers use a specific scale, the durometer hardness scale, for measuring the hardness of rubber and plastics.the durometer hardness scale is an internationally used standard. Additionally ,other organizations,such as ASTM ,DIN ,JIS and ISO all have their own standards for durometers. The scales used most commonly in the silicone industry are shore 00,shore A and shore D, in order of increasing hardness.  9.4 General Specifications  9.5 Physical Properties 9.6 Type of contact resistance 1) Carbon pill (Resistance<100ohm) General thickness for the pill is 0.7 mm Thick and recommended diameter to use is minimum 2.0 mm. 2) Carbon ink (Resistance<250 ohm) Any shapes can be achieved through carbon ink by either dip / tempo printing or silk screening . General ink thickness is between 15-50 microns. 9.7 Force curve interpretation Actuation Force: The force required to collapse the membrane of a rubber switch (identified as F1). Contact Force: The current carrying area / surface under each rubber switch (conductive pill or carbon-inked surface ) that makes an electrical connection with the electrode on a printed circuit board when the switch is actuated (identified as F2) Return Force: Force created by switch membrane as it returns the key to a nonactuated position .(identified as F3). Stroke/Travel : Distance from the contact surface on a rubber switch to an electrode pattern on a printed circuit board . Snap/Tactile : (F1-F2) divided by F1 . The difference between the actuation force (F1) and the contact force (F2) of a switch divided by the actuaton force . 9.8 Switch Life Membrane style and the durometer of the material are the factors that most effect switch life .Using a higher durometer silicone, increasing the acturtion force or by increasing the stroke will all decrease life .  9.9 Travel & Force For good tactile feel a travel of 1.20mm and a force of 150 grams is recommended .  9.10 Dimensions Tolerance Silicone is a highly elastic material subject to manufacturing variations in moulding conditions and material compounding, careful consideration should be given to the tolerance table below.  9.11 Actuation Force Tolerance Most applications require positive tactile feel with relatively long life, an actuation force of approximately 125-150 grams is typically recommended with an accompanying snap ratio of approximately 40-60%.  9.12 Dimensional Requirement 10.0 Key Structure Design Guide 1) Web angle       This is one of the factor affecting the snap. For design purpose, please use 45 degree. Final angle to be determined by the supplier. 2) Web height       For design verification purpose,we recommend the web height equals Travel.Final Web height shall be determined by supplier. 10.1 Recommended Construction Note: P1 and P2 are on the same plane, HP A P3 and P4 are on the same plane, HP B In type B , the P1-P4 are not in the horizontal plane . such construction makes the conductive size bigger but in actual application, this size is not used, resulting in specification change. 10.2 Clearance between Knob & Front Bezel 10.3 Multi Functional/Direction Knob  Additional "stopper" can be added to prevent dual activation. 11.0 Features In Keypad 11.1 Undercut -this features is to attached to the PCB board 11.2 Sealing - Sealing rib or “C” under-cut feature is compressed between the PCB and housing to prevent entry of dirt or mositure. 11.3 Stabilizing a Knob - Adding a shoulder to enhance the activation and tactile of a knob. 12.0 Key Cut       Key Cut is economical when there is a need to derive few versions of product from a common keypad. 13.0 Engraving and Embossing on knob To have better definition of the legend,recommended: 1) Embossing: 0.30mm 2) Engraving: 0.40mm 14.0 Different durometer and colour cap in the basic keypad  Durometer Cap is used when requirement for a higher durometer feel is needed .       Durometer Cap is premoulded in a separate tool and then moulded with a lower durometer material in the main tool Colour Cap is needed when: -Distance between knob too close -Knob too close to the light pipes -Multi colours in the product 15.0 Printing Guide Profile curvature is important to the abrasion resistance of the ink printed on the surface of the knob .The smaller the radii of the profile , lesser will be the contact area but higher is the pressure per contact area . A0.5mm margin around the edge of the printed knobs is recommended to ensure proper registration. 16.0 Improve imprinted graphics abrasion resistance The graphics can be altered to reduce contact with the finger. Increasing the abrasion resistance of the ink . 17.0 Dimple/Blind Dot Location of blind dot affects the quality of silk screen printing on the rubber .It is advisable to locate blind dot away from the graphic print. 18.0 Graphics File Transfer There are many graphics software in the market , most commonly used are CorelDraw,Adobe Illustrator and Freehand . The file extension of these software are as follow: CorDraw = cdr Adobe illustrator = ai Freehand = fh10(verion10) In order to communicate among these different software ,you may convert your files to EPS,encapsulated PostScript . EPS is a format that is ideal for use in professional printing.an EPS can contain vector graphics , bitmap images , or both . EPS is the best file format for preseving. prepress-ready colour. Before exporting the files to EPS , you have to convert the graphics to path. By doing so it changes the selected text into editable vector objects. Vectorised objects consist of mathematically objects that usually appears as outlines with control points. The reason for doing so is to prevent the desired fonts being substituted when reading party does not have similar fonts in the system.. Font before converting to path/vectors - Only font type and size can be change Vectorised object with control points - Cannot change font type - Only can scale and move control points 19.0 Measurement of conductive pellet resistance Illustration 1)Set up the equipment as shown 2)Place conductive pellet 3)Apply a load of 250 grams on top of the conductive pellet 4)Record the voltage reading across the closed circuit on the multimenter 5)Calculate the resistance Example : Supply voltage 12vdc current 150mA / 0.15 A Voltage measured across contact on multimeter= 1.48v V=IR Voltage = ampere * resistance             = 1.48/0.15             = 9.86 Ohms 20.0 CAD Data Exchange There are several Data Exchange products used to help users exchange data to and from different CAD/CAM tools. STEP (standard for the exchange of product model) In short ,step is used to communicate solid models instead of surface model.file sizes of solid models are much smaller and editing them is much easier than surface model. STEP will be the preferred translator to used for 3D models IGES (initial graphics exchange specifications ) IGES translator supports wireframe geometry,surface geometry,text and dimensions,attributes,views and drawings. Most CAD/CAM products have IGES translators and are widely used. DXF (data interchange format ) Commonly used to communicate 2D data such as drawings and autoCAD data . DXF is widely used to exchange engineering drawings to convey specifications and dimensions so that the suppliers can use to submit engineering reports . 21.0 Web Structure For Polydome/Metal dome Actuator Dome switches need actuators designed to make the dome switch operate properly .The actuators used for metal domes should be 1.50- 2.00 mm in diameter and centered over the dome . Different material used for actuators also have an effect on the dome switch performance and can affect the tactile feel of the entire switch assembly . there should be no gap between the actuator and the top of the dome . There should be no gap between the actuator and the dome . 22.0 Metal Dome 22.1 Assembly onto PCB 22.2 Assembly onto Keypad 22.3 EMI Shielding Printed a layer of silver ink to the top side of the metal dome arrays to effectively shield and unwanted frequencies from the conductive side of the switch arrays . 23.0 Metal Dome Type & Specifications 23.1 Round Dome Type 23.2 Round Dome With Dimple Type 23.3 4-leg Dome Type 23.4 DR Dome Type 24.0 Polydome Specifications 24.1 Assembly onto Keypad 24.2 Assembly onto PCB 25.0 PCB Design Pattern There are several methods of laying out a PCB pattern to accommodate dome switches.The methods recommended in this guide incorporate techniques to allow proper venting of the switches. 25.1 For Round Metal Dome Switch 25.2 For Polydome Switch 　　这个设计指导将会提供一个基本的设计准则和信息需要帮助设计者在设计的初始阶段。这也显示了各种技术的制造、技术需要使用键盘,为不同需求的客户。 　　内容列表。 　　1.0 TPU膜性能 　　它是如何使用呢? 2.0, 　　为什么选择TPU为3.0手机键盘款式吗? 　　4.0比较硅橡胶TPU、基地 　　5.0 TPU 　　51制造过程 　　52印刷说明书 　　53几何 　　54厚度, 　　55形成 　　6.0键盘设计 　　塑料keycap 6.1级 　　导航和OK键。62 　　63傻瓜的证明 　　6.4盲目的点 　　keycap 6.5双色彩 　　66色彩图标的规格 　　67设计规范 　　keycap 6.8装配间隙塑料和橡胶 　　一个7.0 　　71电镀 　　720溅射 　　IMD-In模具装饰。73 　　颜色能达到740图标 　　7.5喷漆的厚度 　　keycap 7.6 Assembly-Plastic +橡胶 　　里氏8.0级的综合性能的硅橡胶 　　9硅橡胶材料 　　为什么使用硅橡胶91吗? 　　产品范围。92 　　什么是一个硬度而言 　　一般的规格。9.4 　　9.5的物理特性 　　96类型的接触电阻 　　970推力曲线解释 　　98开关的生活 　　旅行和力量。99 　　9.10尺寸公差 　　9.11驱动力量宽容 　　9.12空间的需求 　　关键结构设计指导。10.0 　　推荐施工。10.1 　　10.2间隙及前面板旋钮 　　10.3多功能/定向旋钮 　　11特征在键盘 　　11.1削弱 　　11.2密封 　　11.3稳定旋钮 　　该键切割 　　将旋钮13.0雕刻、压花、滚花 　　不同的硬度和颜色的一次比赛中最基本的键盘 　　15.0印刷指南 　　易纲提高印制图片耐磨性 　　170酒窝/盲目的点 　　图形文件传送。18.0 　　19.0测量的导电阻力。颗粒 　　共CAD数据交换 　　网络结构为Polydome 21.0 / Metaldome 　　22.0 Metaldome 　　装配在印刷电路板22.1 　　装配到键盘22.2 　　223 EMI屏蔽 　　23.0 Metaldome类型及规格 　　23.1圆的圆顶 　　圆形拱顶和凹23.2 　　233 4-Leg圆顶 　　圆顶。博士23.4 　　Polydome 24%的规格 　　24.1总成上的按钮 　　装配到PCB板24.2 　　PCB设计图案。在扣除掉1400 　　对金属圆251 PCB模式 　　polydome PCB模式25.2% 　　1、塑胶膜性能的影响 　　热塑性聚氨酯膜提供独特的高强度优势、高弹性、优良的耐磨性、低温性能相比其他聚合物热塑性聚氨酯膜(琉璃)和打印。 　　2,它是如何使用? 　　co-molded热塑性聚氨酯是用液体硅橡胶通过压缩成型工艺。 　　 　　第三,为什么选择TPU作为手机键盘款式吗? 　　Lignt薄(1)重量/艰难/游刃有余 　　>僵硬的housign到前面 　　2)的尺寸稳定性 　　在最后的几何学>精密五金冲压工具 　　三)好的光掩蔽的控制 　　>基地都做印刷2 souface 　　 　　四、对比及硅橡胶TPU材质 　　 　　 　　*在比较图是基于厚度小于0.30mm 　　五、TPU 　　51制造过程 　　 　　52印刷说明书 　　打印会有轻微的偏移塑胶成型过程中。如果一个按钮,两色图标,需要至少2间的空间3.0图标。 　　 　　 　　所有颜色的第二面印刷。 　　53几何 　　草图显示的一般原则。 　　 　　54厚度, 　　准备厚度:0.40 2. 0.20 / Max厚度:0.40) 　　 　　 　　0.25mm *推荐为基地的厚度、厚度以上0.4 0.5间隙冲孔所需的工具。 　　55形成 　　我)高度:最大0.40毫米。 　　(二)的优势:为了补偿塑料键的高度。 　　:为了避免胶流量导致了可怜的点击的感觉。 　　 　　6键盘设计 　　塑料keycap 6.1级 　　6.1.1坚实的类型 　　 　　万一法兰厚度小于0.3mm,请参考的可行性 　　6.1.2肋式-TPU空/橡皮 　　 　　-Rubber 6.1.3空腹以罗纹类型 　　 　　6.1.4中空的类型 　　 　　的优点和缺点 　　 　　62导航键和好的键 　　 　　63傻瓜的证明 　　傻瓜证明是必要的,以防止“辅助”或“不匹配”在装配 　　 　　6.4盲目的点 　　我)在最小的范围中“波动”效应喷涂工艺参数。 　　(二)被推荐到地方瞎点离开图形或中心的按钮。这是为了减少磨损和联系。 　　 　　盲点高度将决定如何严重“波动” 　　keycap 6.5双色彩 　　 　　66色彩图标规格为双喷射电镀零件。 　　 　　目的是为了促进电镀工艺。 　　67 P + R设计规范 　　 　　-diameter d *金属顶 　　keycap 6.8装配间隙塑料和橡胶 　　 　　 　　7.0过程 　　71电镀 　　摘要细胞外基质的沉积金属涂层到物体上放一个负电荷到物体,它沉浸到一个解决方案,包括金属盐沉积。金属离子的盐带正电荷,也吸引了他们到达它的一部分时,提供电子带负电荷的一部分来减少正离子金属形态。 　　 　　720溅射 　　溅射法是一种技术的物质被释放,从源头上在较低的温度、蒸发。基质被放置在一个真空室和素材,命名为目标,惰性气体(如氩)介绍在低压气体等离子击。使用功率源,使这些气体变成离子化,离子加速向地表的目标,使原子的材料折断从传统型的目标在蒸汽冷凝对所有表面形成,包括板上。至于蒸发原理的基础上,对所有溅射是一样的溅射技术通常涉及到不同的庄园中离子轰击目标的实现。 　　 　　所有的厚度值(在微米)选择依据。 　　In-Mould 7.3 IMD、装饰 　　In-mould装饰,或它,是一种独特的过程来看,精密图像融合injection-moulded塑料制品。这个过程包括世界级的印刷平面或装饰插入到注塑模具的塑料树脂。图形和装饰坚持树脂被塑造,形成了一套完整的分子与完成附近的塑料部分。 　　 　　 　　 　　高等jorming *高度,请咨询我们的可行性。 　　制造过程 　　 　　色彩可以达到740图标 　　1)注入 　　二)喷洒 　　3)的节奏、丝印一日开始浮出水面 　　四)的节奏/真丝prink 2号的表面 　　五)丝网在键盘的基地 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　所有的过程都包括激光蚀刻和UV坚硬的外套 　　7.5喷漆厚度:银色的色彩装饰 　　 　　 　　装配塑料keycap 7.6级+橡胶(P + R)。 　　 　　里氏8.0级的综合性能的硅橡胶 　　Slicone胶是一种独特的合成橡胶制成的交联聚合物筋等特点,是silica.its提供了完美的平衡的机械和化学性能要求的许多当今世界上最苛刻的应用。 　　9硅橡胶材料 　　列出主要的硅材料供应商。 　　Shinetsu,Dow-Corning,Toray、东芝、通用、威克和勒沃库森。 　　为什么使用硅橡胶91 　　这些特质和硅具有优势。 　　-118c•极端温度应用,对316c 　　•惰性,无嗅、无味、stainless-ideal医疗和食品中的应用。 　　高耐风化和•氧化。 　　良好的电气品质——多•优越的介电性能和绝缘材料 　　在特殊的化合物的特点。 　　许多化学•优越的阻力。 　　高耐臭氧•和光环 　　很好的热resistance-special•阻燃成分是可得到的。 　　resistance-low吸水•优越的水 　　产品范围。92 　　•遥控器 　　•测量仪器 　　•关键板 　　•计算器, 　　测试工具。• 　　•办公设备 　　•收音机的玩具 　　•电话 　　•汽车 　　什么是一个硬度