2022年12月四级快速阅读试题及答案

2022年12月四级快速阅读及PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)WhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?“Integrity“isdefinedas“adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty.“Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife”shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan”tseetheriskswe”retaking,wecan”tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn”tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional“doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.“ButEverybodyDoesIt“Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseWhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?“Integrity“isdefinedas“adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty.“Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife”shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan”tseetheriskswe”retaking,wecan”tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn”tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional“doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.“ButEverybodyDoesIt“Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseWhyIntegrityMattersWhatisIntegrity?“Integrity“isdefinedas“adherencetomoralandethicalprinciples;honesty.“Thekeytointegrityisconsistency--notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethicalstandardsevenwhenmakinglife”shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyBusinessWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan”tseetheriskswe”retaking,wecan”tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn”tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis“unintentional“doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.“ButEverybodyDoesIt“Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemseelvesabouttherisksthey”retakingbyusingexcuses:“Everyoneelsedoesit,““I”mnothurtinganyone,“or“Ireallyneedthisgrade.“Excusescangetveryelaborate:“IknowI”mlookingatanother”sexam,eventhoughI”msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat”snotcheatingbecauseI”mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.“Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe”renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan”tseetherealchoicewe”remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?Ifyou”dratherhideyouractions,that”sagoodindicationthatyou”retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingRisksTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits(“what”sinitforme“),andsimplyhaven”tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea“0“onatestorassignment;an“F“intheclass;SuspensionorDismissalfromschool;transcriptnotation;andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen”tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.GettingAwayWithIt--OrNotThosewhodon”tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn”tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn”tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems“easier.“Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn”tgetthissimplemessage:HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.CheatingHurtsOthers,TooCheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions“don”tcount“anddon”treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers”grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating“poisons“theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.(“IfIdon”tcheat,Ican”tcompetewiththosewhodo.“)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,butacheatersays,“I”mnotinterestedinwhatyou”retryingtoteach;allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.“Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityMattersIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn”tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation”seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.A)stickstothemintheirdailylifeB)makesthemknowntoothersC)understandstheirtruevaluesD)seesthatothersalsofollowthem2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?A)IthelpstocreateteamspiritB)ItfacilitatescommunicationC)ItisthebasisofmutualtrustD)Itinspiresmutualrespect3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?A.ithascausednoharm.B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.C.ithasgoneunnoticed.D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?A.Avoidmakingexcuses.B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.C.Makehisintensionspublic.D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.A.willoftenbecomemorecautiousB.areusuallyveryaggressiveC.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.D.mayloseeverythingintheend7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.A)paymoredearlyB)becomemoreconfidentC)bewidelyadmiredD)feelsomewhatlucky8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_______9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_______10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_______.参考答案：1-5ACABA6-7CA8stealingagrade9honestyandgoodfaith.10theWatergatescandal