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上外MTI_翻译研究生英语#考研真#MakingthemostofdiversityFromReutersThuNov15，4:22pmESTByChrystiaFreelandNEWYORKNov15(Reuters)-ForAmerica，willgodowninhistoryastheyearoftheLatinos，theblacks，thewomenandthegays.ThatrainbowcoalitionwonPresidentBarackObamahissecondterm.ThistriumphoftheoutsidersispartlyduetoAmerica'schangingdemographics.AnditisnotjusttheUnitedStatesthatisbecomingmorediverse.Canadais，too，asismuchofEurope.Thatiswhyitisworththinkinghardabouthowtomakediverseteamseffective，andhowpeoplewhostraddletwoculturalworldscansucceed.Threeacademics，appropriatelyenoughadiversegroupbasedinAsiaandAmerica，havebeendoingsomeprovocativeresearchthatsuggeststhatourabilitytocomfortablyintegrateourdifferentidentities-ornot-isthekey.In"ConnectingtheDotsWithin：CreativePerformanceandIdentityIntegration,"Chi-YingChengofSingaporeManagementUniversity，JeffreySanchez-BurksoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichigan，andFionaLee，alsoattheUniversityofMichigan，arguethatethnicminoritiesandwomeninmale-dominatedprofessionsaremostcreativewhentheyhavefoundawaytobelievethattheir"multipleandconflictingsocialidentitiesarecompatible.""Wetriedtoseehowpeoplewhohavetodealwithseeminglyin-conflictcultureorgenderidentitiescope,"Chengtoldme.Theirconclusionwasthatpeoplewhohavefoundawaytoreconciletheirtwoidentities-Asian-Americans，forexample，orwomenwhoworkinmale-dominatedjobslikeengineering-arethebestatfindingcreativesolutionstoproblems."Thosewhoseetheiridentitiesascompatible，theyarebetteratcombiningideasfromthetwoidentitiestocomeupwithsomethingnew,"Chengsaid."Whilethosewhoalsosharethesetwosocialidentities，butseethemasbeinginconflict，theycannotcomeupwithnewideas."Cheng，Sanchez-BurksandLeedevisedaresearchstrategytoprobethisissuethatyoudonotneedaPh.D.toappreciate：TheyaskedAsian-AmericanstoinventnewfusioncuisinedishesusingbothtypicallyAsianandtypicallyAmericaningredients，andtheyaskedfemaleengineerstodesignproductsgearedspecificallytowomen.Inbothcases，peoplewhowereatpeacewiththeirdualidentitiesperformedbetter."Asian-Americanswhohadhigherbiculturalintegrationcouldcreatemorecreativerecipes，andtheybelieveditwaspossibletocomeupwithmorerecipes,"Chengsaid."Bycontrast，Asian-Americanswhofeeltheirtwoidentitiesareinconflictcannotcomeupwithasmanycreativerecipes.''Chenghasherownexperienceofbeingaminority.SheisfromTaiwanbutwenttograduateschoolintheUnitedStates；sheisawomanbuthastaughtinthemale-dominatedenvironmentofgraduatebusinessschools.Shedoesnotminimizethechallengeofcomingtotermswiththissortofdiversity."Peoplewhohavehighidentityintegration，itisnotthattheyaremoreeasygoing.Itisthattheyfindpeacebetweenthetwodifferentworlds,"Chengsaid."Itisnotthateasy.Pretendingdoesn'twork.Therehastoberealunderstandingandintegrationbetweenthetwoworlds.Theyfindawayforthetwoworldstocoexistinsideaperson."Thisacademicworkisausefulprismforunderstandingthemanwhomaybetheworld'smostprominentintegratoroftwopotentiallyconflictingidentities：PresidentObama.Hehasgainedadmissiontowhatusedtobethemostexclusivewhiteclubofall，theWhiteHouse，whileremainingpatentlyateasewithhisblackidentity.AsChengadvises，Obamadoesnotignorethecomplexitiesofstraddlingthesetwoworlds：HegovernswithanacuteawarenessoftheparticularchallengesablackskinposesforthemanAmericansstillliketodescribeastheleaderofthefreeworld.Butthepresidentisalsodeeplyateasewithhisvariousidentities，apsychologicalstatethatmayhelphimusethemtopowerfuleffect-asintheelectioncampaign，whenheralliedprettymuchallAmericanswhothinkofthemselvesasdifferent.TheconclusionsofCheng，Sanchez-BurksandLeesuggestatantalizingfollow-upquestion：Howcanweachievethepersonalintegrationthesescholarshaveidentifiedascrucialtomakingavirtueofdiversity?FurtherresearchbyChengoffersoneanswer："Youcanintegrateyouridentitiesifyouhavepositivebiculturalexperiences.Themacrosystemcaninfluencethemicrosystem."Inotherwords，iftheworldaroundustellsusourdualidentitiesarecompatible，wewillbelievethat，andactaccordingly.Iffemaleengineersworkinacompanythattreatstheirgenderasavirtue，theywilldobetter.IfAsian-Americansliveinacommunitythatcelebratesbothaspectsoftheiridentity，theywillbemoreeffective.America'srainbowcoalitionwonattheballotboxthismonth，butinothersettingsthenationhasbecomealittlewearyofdiversity-cheeringmovementslikemulticulturalismandevenexplicitfeminism.Cheng'sworksuggeststhatcynicismmaybemisplaced.Diversitycanwork，butwehavetoworkatit.上面划线某些为完型填空Accordingtotheauthor，whatittakesforaminoritypersontosucceedintheUS?Whytheauthorconsidersbarakobamaasuccess?Elaboratetheauthor’sargument“Themacrosystemcaninfluencethemicrosystem.”Whataretheauthoralludingtowiththephrase“rainbowcoalition”?WriteinEnglish500wordsaboutyourcommentonhowtosucceedinanincreasinglydiverseenvironment.