2020—2021 学年度北京市东城区高三英语 第二学期综合练习 学生版-二模试卷 2021.05

北京市东城区2020—2021学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）英语2021.5本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastweek,IdrovetoJoe’sHardwaretogetafewitems.Uponreturningtomy1,Inoticedacatunderneathandbentdowntoinvestigate.Atthispoint,mywalletfelloff—butIdidn’tnoticeitwas2untilaboutanhourlater.I3mysteps,askedaroundandtoremycarinsideout.Nothing.Ilostmywallet.Afterthisfactsankin,Iwasabouttocallthebankandhavethem4meanewcreditcardwhenalittlevoiceinsidemyheadsaid,“Whoa!5.Someonemusthavepickeditup.Anaveragecitizen,justlikeyou.Whatwouldsheorhedo?”SoIheldbackandIwasgoingtogiveitaday.Then,earlythatevening,IwassurfingtheInternetforanewwalletwhenIheardaknockonthedoor.TherewasamanwhoIdidnot6.Coulditbe?Afterweexchangedgreetings,he7memywallet.Hefounditintheparkinglot,thoughtofdroppingitoffatJoe’sHardwarebut8todriveoverandreturnitinperson.Hetoldmehis9,butIwasovercomewithemotionandcannotbe100%sure.IthinkitwasDavid.Iofferedhimacashrewardbutherefused.Hewasjustaregularguydoingtherightthing.David,thankyousoverymuchforreturningmywalletandreinforcingmybeliefthattherearesomegoodand10peoplearound.1.A.carB.homeC.bankD.shop2.A.brokenB.emptyC.stolenD.missing3.A.recoveredB.recordedC.retracedD.reduced4.A.loanB.sendC.showD.pass5.A.ComeonB.CheerupC.SlowdownD.Lookout6.A.doubtB.recognizeC.admireD.remember7.A.awardedB.foundC.broughtD.handed8.A.happenedB.decidedC.intendedD.hesitated9.A.ageB.hobbyC.nameD.job10.A.decentB.courageousC.cautiousD.humble第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIgrewupinaremotevillage.Therewasnosuchthingasabookinmostfamilies.ItwasattheschoollibrarythatI11(discover)thejoyofreading.ThereIspenthoursreadingwhateverattractedmyinterest.I’msureIdidnotunderstandeverythinginthosebooksatthetime.12Ididunderstandwasthepleasurethatgoodstoriesofferandthepowerofbookstointroducemetolivesandexperiences13myown.Iwas“hookedonbooks,”asthesayinggoes.BWindisoneofourcleanestandmostabundantpowersources.Europeisleadingthewayinwindpower.Nearly75%ofallturbines(风力发电机)14(locate)there.ThecountrythatproducesthemostenergyfromwindisGermany.However,Germany15(consume)alotofenergy,andwindonlysuppliesabout5%ofallitselectricalneeds.Denmarkisthegloballeaderinthisfield,whichuseswind16(supply)almost20%ofitsenergy.CTherearetwodifferentwaystothinkaboutanoldshipwreck(沉船).Somepeoplevalueitsfinancialworth.They’vespentalotoftimeandmoneysearchingforthewreck.Whenthey17(final)findit,theybelievethattheshipanditscontentsshouldbe18(they).Thesepeopleareusuallyreferredtoastreasurehunters.Forotherpeople,however,aship19(lie)atthebottomoftheseaisavaluableopportunitytostudyhowcitizensfrompastcultureslivedandtraveled.Thosepeoplearemarinearchaeologists,20studyunderwaterhistoricalsites.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALiuJichen,founderandCEOof HYPERLINK"http://www.clearplate.com/"ClearPlate®,designedamini-programthatrecognizesemptyplatesandrewardsuserswithpoints.Thesepointscanbeexchangedforgiftslikebooksandcellphones,orbetteryet,theycanbeusedtopurchasecharitymealsdonatedtopoorchildreninruralareasofChina.In2016,Liu,athenstudentofTsinghuaUniversity,noticedapopularcampaigncalled“LeftoverParty”,wherepeoplebroughttheirleftoverstoeattogether,intendingtoraiseawarenessoffoodwaste.Liuandhisclassmatesorganizedonesuchevent,whichwasattendedbyhundredsofpeople.Thesuccessencouragedhimtospreadtheconceptofreducingfoodwastetoawideraudience.Theideaofamini-programstruckhimatadinnerin2017whenLiudinedatarestaurant,whichrewardeddinerswhofinishedofftheirfood.Liufoundthattherestaurantwouldgivethesedinersacardeverytimeandofferthemsmallgiftswhentheycollectedacertainnumberofcards.“Everyonewhovaluesfoodcanenjoyasenseofgainatalowercost,”Liusaid,notingthatsuchanideacouldberealizedonline.Heformedateamtoworkontheproject.YetitwasquiteachallengefortheAIsystemtoidentifytheuploadedphotos.Liuandhisteam,assistedbymorethan1,000others,spenthalfayearcollectingover100,000samplesacrossthecountrytotrainthedigitalbrain.“Thereweresomanyuncertaintiesinresearchanddevelopment.Forourteammembers,thebiggestchallengewaswhetherwewereconfidentenoughtocompleteit,”Liusaid.Theynotonlyachievedtheirgoal,butnow,themini-programhasmorethanfivemillionregisteredusers.“WehopetoinspireeveryonetotakeactionagainstfoodwasteandtocontributeChinesewisdomandsolutionstoglobalfoodsecuritychallenges,”headded.21.WhatinspiredLiuJichentocreatethemini-program?A.Arestaurant’spractice.B.Hisinterestinhightech.C.Acampaignconcept.D.Hisclassmates’advice.22.Whatisthemainaimofthemini-program?A.Toincreaseawarenessofcharity.B.Toencouragepeopletosavefood.C.Tocollectphotosofemptyplates.D.Topromotebooksandothergifts.23.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLiuJichen?A.Generousandoptimistic.B.Lovingandeasy-going.C.Determinedandresponsible.D.Gratefulandconsiderate.BForpeoplewhostruggletoreadtext,technologycanbealifeline.Actually,assistivetechnology(AT)toolsforreadingcanalsobeusefultostudentswhojustneedsomeextraassistancetoaidreadingfluencyorcomprehension.Thesetoolsareinexpensiveandeasytofind.Theyopenupthewonderfulworldofreading,makingtextaccessibletostudentsofallabilities.Butwithsomanytoolsoutthere,it’snotalwayseasytoknowwhichonestouse.Tohelp,here’saguidetosomebestones.GraphicorganizersTheyarevisualrepresentations,likediagramsandmindmaps,ofideasandconcepts.Youcanusegraphicorganizerstohelpwithcomprehensionwhilereading.Graphicorganizerscanbedigitalorpenandpaper.AnnotationaidsTheyletyoutakenotesandwritecommentswhilereading.Thiscanmakeiteasiertokeepinformation.Annotationaidscanbepartofsoftwareorapps,ortheycanbetraditionalpens,markers,andstickynotes.DisplaycontrolItallowsyoutocontrolhowtextisdisplayed.Whenreadingonascreen,youcanchangethefont(字体),fontsize,andspacingoftext.Youcanalsocoverpartsofthescreentolessendistractions(干扰)whilereading.Text-to-speech(TTS)Itletsyouseetextandhearitreadaloudatthesametime.Tousethistool,youclickonwords,andyou’llhearthewordsreadbycomputer-generatedvoices.Youcanevenreadafteritandrecordyourownvoice.TTScanalsobeusedtochangeanydigitaltextfilesintoaudiofiles.Opticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)Itcanreadaloudtextfromimagesandpictures.YoucanuseOCRbytakingphotosofworksheets,paperdocuments,andevenobjectslikestreetsigns.LikeTTS,OCRusescomputer-generatedvoices.KeepinmindthatusingATreadingtoolswon’tpreventpeoplefromlearningtoread.Forexample,expertssayaudiobookscanactuallyhelpkidsbecomebetterreaders.24.Ifareaderpreferstakinghisfeelingsdownwhilereading,he’dbetteruse______.A.graphicorganizersB.annotationaidsC.displaycontrolD.text-to-speech25.WhatfeaturemakesOCRunique?A.Changingfiletypes.B.Editingphotosofdocuments.C.Readingwordsinpictures.D.Usingcomputer-generatedvoices.26.Accordingtotheauthor,ATreadingtoolsare______.A.accessibleandbeneficialB.expensivebutworthwhileC.helpfulandenergy-efficientD.innovativebutcomplicatedCWhetherhuntingorcompetingforlimitedspaceandresources,humansaretheplanet’ssuperpredator(捕食者).Asthehumanpopulationexpands,it’sgettingharderforothercreaturestofindsomewheretohideduringtheday.Nownewfindingsindicateanimalsaroundtheworldhavecomeupwithanotherstrategy:Theyarebecomingnocturnal.Ina HYPERLINK"http://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aar7121"\t"_blank"paper publishedin Science,researchersanalyzed76previousscientificstudiesabouthumanimpactonanimalactivity.Theycomparedanimals’activityduringthedayandnightinareasofhighhumandisturbance(fromhuntingorfarmingtohikingandotheroutdoorrecreation)andlowhumandisturbance(relativelynaturalconditions).Theanalysisshowedanimalsarebecominganaverageof1.36timesmorenocturnalduetohighhumandisturbance.Forexample,inPolandwildboarsgofrom48%nocturnalinnaturalforeststo90%nocturnalinurbanareas.Evenactivitiespeopleconsiderrelativelyinnocuous,suchashikingandwildlifeviewing,stronglyaffectedanimals’dailyrhythms.“Wethinkthatwe’releavingnotraceoftenwhenwe’reoutdoors,butwecanbehavinglastingconsequencesonanimalbehavior,”saysKaitlynGaynor,leadresearcherforthestudy.Thisisnotthefirsttimeanimalshavehadtoliveatnight;duringthetimeofdinosaurs,theywerealso nocturnal.“Dinosaurswerethisubiquitous(无处不在的),scaryforce,andonlyaftertheirextinctiondidmammals(哺乳动物)emergeintothedaylight,”Gaynorsays.“Andnowhumanshavetakenoverandarepushingotheranimalsbackintothenight.”Scientistssuspectbecomingnocturnalmayhurtthosespecieshighlyadaptedtothesun.Theymightnotbeabletolivewellatnight,whichwouldultimatelyhurttheirchancesofsurvivalandreproduction.Perhapsevenmorealarmingeffectscouldbeinthewiderecosystem.InCalifornia’sSantaCruzMountains,coyoteshavebeenmorenocturnalinresponsetohikersandhavestartedtoaltertheirdietsfromdaytimeprey,suchassquirrelsandbirds,tonocturnalprey,suchasratsandrabbits.Exactlyhowecologicalcommunitieswillchange,andwhetheritwillbeforbetterorworse,requiresfurtherstudy.Somenighttimeshiftsmaybenefitbothanimalsandhumans,Gaynornotes.Forinstance,tigersinNepalareavoidingpotentiallydeadlyconflictswithpeopleastheybecomemorenocturnal.Studieslikethisonewilleventuallyhelpconservationmanagersmakebetterdecisionsabouthowtoprotectecosystems.“We’llneedtounderstandlocaldynamicstoreallyunderstandhowweshouldbechangingmanagementofwildlifepopulationsorhumanactivities,”Gaynornotes,“Onepotentialapproachmightbetomanagethetimingofhumanactivitiessothatweleavesomeofthedaylightforotheranimals.”27.Howdoanimalsrespondtoincreasinghumandisturbance?A.Bylimitingfoodintake.B.Byleavingtheirhabitat.C.Bycontrollingpopulation.D.Byadjustingdailyroutine.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“innocuous”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Harmless.B.Recreational.C.Organized.D.Irregular.29.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaurs?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofdaylight.B.Toindicatethedominationofhumans.C.Toillustratemammals’adaptability.D.Todemonstratedinosaurs’power.30.Whatcanwelearnaboutanimals’becomingnocturnal?A.Ithasledtoanewecologicalbalance.B.Itdemandsmoreconservationareas.C.Itmayencouragebio-diversity.D.Itmightbedouble-edged.DAn8-year-oldboyIknowissmallforhisage,shorterandslighterthanhisfriends,evensmallerthanhis5-year-oldsister.Concernedabouttheincreasinguseandpossiblerisksofgrowthhormone(生长激素),Iaskedhismotherifshe’dconsideredtreatinghimwithit.Shereplied,“Notreally.He’sbuiltlikehisfather,whowasshortandslightasaboyanddidn’tshootupuntilcollege.”Hisfather,at41,isnow6feettall,thoughstillveryslender.Herecallsbeingareasonablyathleticchildbutwithoutthephysicalpowerofhisfriends,makingupforwhathelackedinmasswithspeedand agility.“Ienjoyedcompetitivesportsandworkedonskillsothersdidn’thave,”hetoldme,andsaidheencourageshissontorecognizeand capitalizeon theskillshehas.Ifonlyeveryparentwithashortbuthealthychildapproachedthematterassensibly.Expertsestimatethat60%to80%ofchildrenwhoareshortfortheiragedonothaveagrowthhormonedeficiency(缺乏)orothermedicalconditionthatlimitsgrowth.Butknowingthere’satherapyavailabletoincreaseheight,someparentsseekamedicalsolutionforaperceivedproblem,evenwhenthereisnomedicalabnormality.Theyshouldalsoknow,however,thatnewresearchhaslinkedgrowthhormonetreatmenttoseriousunfavorablehealtheffectsyearslater.Dr.AddaGrimberg,adoctoratChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,recalledthat“Twentyyearsago,familieswerefocusedonhealth.Theycameinwithachildwhowasnotgrowingrightandwantedtoknowiftherewasanunderlying disease.Now,moreandmore,they’refocusedonheight.Theywantgrowthhormone,lookingforaspecificheight.Butthisisnotlikeonlineshopping;youcan’tjustplaceanorderandmakeachildtheheightyouwant.”In2003,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapproveduseofrecombinanthumangrowthhormonefortheconditionknownas“idiopathicshortstature”,orshortbuildofunknowncause,whichisnotadisease.Butithascausedagrowingnumberofparentstoconsiderusingthehormonetoboosttheheightoftheirchildren.Theresultingrushtotherapyreflectsconcernsaboutawidespreadsocietalbias(偏见)againstshortness,ratherthanatruemedicalneed.Expertshavenotedthatthepractice backsupthebeliefthatshortstatureisunacceptable,leadingtoanincreasingdemandfortherapy.Itisfarbetter,Dr.Grimbergsuggested,tohelpashortchilddevelopcopingskillsthantobuyinchesthroughmedicine.31.Asfortheparents’attitudetotheir8-year-oldboy’sshortness,theauthoris______.A.criticalB.tolerantC.supportiveD.worried32.Howdomanyparentstodayreacttotheirchildren’sshortness?A.Theyareeagertogettheexpectedresult.B.Theysparenoefforttosortoutthecause.C.Theyfeeldisturbedbytheirchildren’shealth.D.Theyhelpdeveloptheirchildren’scopingskills.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegrowthhormonetreatment?A.Itmightbeofficiallyrecommended.B.Itmayfuelheightdiscrimination.C.Itispushedbyamedicalneed.D.Itistargetedatcertaindiseases.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ShowertheShortwithGrowthHormonesB.FindReplacementforGrowthHormonesC.AssesstheEffectsofGrowthHormonesD.WeightheUseofGrowthHormones第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FiveEstablishedMemoryBoostersCan’trememberwhereyouleftyourcarkeysagain?35Andassmartphonesandtabletsmakeitpossibletooutsourcememorystoragetoourdevices,theactofforgettingmaybeeasierthanever.Butscientistsarestilldiscoveringhoweverydayactionscanleadtoenhancementsinouroverallmemorycapacity.Hereareafewsimpletipsformasteringyourmemory:GETSOMESLEEP.Aswe’resleeping,ourbrainschangerecentexperiencesintolong-termmemory,aprocessknownasconsolidation.36A2014Sciencestudyfoundmicethatsleptafteracquiringanewtaskwereabletopreservethememorybetterthantheircounterpartslackinginsleep.EXERCISEREGULARLY.Ifyouneedanotherreasontohitthegym,regularexercise—specifically,HYPERLINK"http://dict.youdao.com/w/eng/aerobic_exercise/"\l"keyfrom=dict.basic.syno"aerobicexercise—hasbeenshowntoenhancememoryrecall,particularlyinyoungadults.Forolderadults,itcanevenputoffbrainshrinkage.EATMOREBERRIES.37Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsnackingonstrawberries,blueberriesandblackberriescanboostthebrain’scommunicationpathways.Andeatingberries,accordingtoa2012study,couldactuallyslowmemorydeclinecausedbyaging.SAYITOUTLOUD.38Butresearchershavelearnedthatsayingthemoutloud—ratherthanreadinginformationsilently—canresultinamajormemoryupgrade.Ifyou’refeelingshy,youcanalsotrytypingorwritingitout,too.GOTOYOURMEMORYPALACE.39Oneoftheseisthemethodofloci(轨迹记忆法),orthevisualizingofinformationasmajorstopsalongamentaljourney,likeanimaginarywalkthroughyourchildhoodhome.A2017studyfoundthatthistechniqueactuallyreshapesdifferentnetworksofthebraintobettersupportmemory.A.Rememberingnewconceptsisn’talwayseasy.B.Andagoodnight’ssleepcanhelpyoulearn,too.C.SufficientamountsofvitaminB2canimproveyourmemory.D.Changinghabitsishard,buthavingmorefruitdoesn’tsoundsobad,right?E.AndwearebeginningtounderstandtheHYPERLINK"https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-do-we-sleep-the-theories-and-purpose-of-sleeping-3014828"importanceofsleeptooverallhealth.F.Strategiesforsuperchargingourmemorieshavebeenaroundsinceancienttimes.G.Withnumerousbusinessestodealwithinourbrain,it’seasytoletafewthingsslipthrough.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。DigitalInclusionforOlderAdultsAsaresearcherinthebehaviorofolderadults,Iregularlyhearcomplaintsfromthemlike,“I’mjustnotpartofthisworldanymore.Incertainpartsofsociety,Ijustcan’tjoin…SomethingsjustarenotpossibleifyouarenotintheflowoftheInternet.”or“Wefeellikewe’restandingoutsideabuildingthatwehavenoaccessto.”Today,masteringdigitaltechnologyhasbecomeakeycomponentofwhatitmeanstofullyparticipateinsociety.Butoneareainparticularthreatenstopreventsomeolderadultsfrommakingconnections:thedigitaldivide.Asarecentstudyshows,one-thirdofadultsaged65andoldersaythey’veneverusedtheInternet,andhalfdon’thaveInternetaccessathome.OfthosewhodousetheInternet,nearlyhalfsaytheyneedsomeoneelse’shelptosetuporuseanewdigitaldevice.Incontrasttoconcernsabouttechnologyuseincreasingisolation(孤立；隔离)amongyoungerpopulations,thecommunicationandconnectionpossibleonlinecanbeespeciallyvaluableforolderadultswhoarehomebound,livefarawayfromfamily,orhavelostthelovedones.Olderadultscanuseonlinetoolstoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyviamessagingplatforms,videochat,andsocialmediaeveniftheycannolongerphysicallyvisitthem.Andtheycanengagewiththeoutsideworldthroughnews,blogs,streamingplatforms,andemail,eveniftheyarenolongerabletomoveaboutaseasilyastheyoncecould.Forolderadultsinparticular,therisksassociatedwithsocialisolationareprofound.Lonelinessamongolderadultshasbeenassociatedwithdepression,functionaldecline,anddeath.Technologycanserveasanimportanttooltohelpreducetheserisks,butonlyifweprovideolderadultswiththeskillstheyneed,tomakeinclusioninthedigitalworldaccessibletothem.Theimportanceofdigitalinclusionisnotgoingtodisappearwiththegenerationalchangesofthecomingdecades.Technologyiscontinuouslydeveloping,andwitheachnewdigitalinnovationcomechallengesforevenyoungeradultstoadapt.40.Whatpreventssomeolderadultsfromconnectingwithsociety?41.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3indicate?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Enablingolderadultstoaccessthedigitalworldcanhelpthemrecoverfromdepressionandfunctionaldecline.43.Pleasebrieflypresentyouropinionondigitalinclusion.(about40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业在即，同学们想请曾在你班学习的英国学生Jim录制一段视频。作为班长，请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.视频内容；2.其它相关事项。注意：1．词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）