专四写作

Part One: General talk of the topic_____________ Thesis: the writer’s attitude towards it_↓ Part Two: The writer’s reasons to have this attitude↑ Support I_ topic sentence 1 ↑ Detail I Detail II Support I_I__ topic sentence 2_______↑ Detail I Detail II Support III___ topic sentence 3__________↑ Detail I Detail II Part Three: Conclusion: restate the thesis_______↑ 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______.It’s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。 Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 1 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why? 首段提出观点: 1.From my point of view, it is more advisable to choose A rather than B. 2.There are different views concerning this topic. In my part, I would like to vote for A/B. 3.The advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. 结尾常用句型: 1.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that... 2.For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that... 3.Therefore, it is safely to draw the conclusion that... 举例常用句型: 1. A good case in point is... 2.Take...for example. 3.Personal experience leads me to conclude that... 4.All reliable evidence points to the fact that... Some sentence patterns to follow in writing a paragraph/passage of comparison and contrast: 1. A and B are somewhat alike in… / to much extent alike in… 2. A differs from B in that… 3. The advantages of B outweigh the benefit we gain from A / carry more weight than those of A/ are much greater than those of A. 4. When the advantages and disadvantages of …are carefully compared, the most striking finding is self-evident. 5. Although A enjoys the distinct advantage of … it can’t compete with B in… 6. Good as A is, it also has its own disadvantages. 引出主题 1.背景介绍法: 2001:Travel Broadens the Mind Travel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the significance of travel through our own experience. Nowadays more and more people like to travel, since travelling brings lots of benefits to them. As one of numerous travellers, I think travel not only allows people a little relaxation but also helps broaden the mind. 2002命题的部分背景介绍:The best way to stay healthy? Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? 范文 Today, with the improvement of living standard, people attach more and more importance to health. They are trying to find various ways to keep healthy. Some do physical exercises everyday, but others prefer keeping a balanced diet. As far as I am concerned, doing physical exercises is a better choice to stay healthy. 又如2005命题的部分背景介绍:My Ideas of an Arts Festival The Students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included. 范文 I’m excited that our school will hold an arts festival. I believe it will be to all the students’ liking as it can definitely make our dull lives more colorful. My suggestion to the art festival is to hold a painting competition. 2.先抑后扬法: 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, in my opinion, phones will not kill letter writing. Phones have been acknowledged as a better means to convey information than letter writing; therefore many people tend to think letter writing will be replaced by phones one day and finally disappear from modern daily life, but I don’t agree with them. 2007: Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? A wonderful world appears before you when you click the mouse on Internet. The benefits of it have obviously made our daily life more colorful, amazing and exciting. There is also the fact that millions of young people have made friends online. However, in my view, it’s better and wiser to make friends in real life. 3.引经据典法: 2001:Travel Broadens the Mind As a Chinese old saying goes, travelling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal for people.Traveling does broaden our mind. It enables us to appreciate beautiful scenery, value the culture and customs of a people and learn the history. 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy As a popular saying goes,“health is better than wealth.” Health nowadays has been attached great importance to especially in such a quick society. As to the ways to keep healthy, some people prefer keeping a balanced diet, while others prefer doing physical exercise. I believe that doing physical exercise is the best way to keep healthy. 4.提问回答法: 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy Nowadays, the desire for good health is universal. You cannot exaggerate the importance of good health too much. What do you think is the best way to keep healthy? As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of mind. 2003:The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood Pressure seems to be a natural part of our daily life in the competitive society. We live under great pressure from education, career and families. How can we live happy lives? I think it is important that we keep a good mood under whatever circumstances. 5.定义法:2008 The Benefits of Volunteering V olunteering means being willing to help people in need and make contributions to society for no financial rewards. Needless to say, volunteering is of tremendous benefits to both those in need and the society. Yet, despite the fact that volunteers are not paid for what they have done, serving as a volunteer, I believe, is also beneficial to the volunteers themselves. 6.综合运用法 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? Nowadays as people attach more and more importance to the speed, phones are becoming popular. It goes without saying that making a phone call is far more convenient and much faster than spending hours writing a long letter. But will phones kill letter writing? As far as I am concerned, I think letter writing can never be replaced. Since Bell’s invention of telephone, communication methods of human beings have experienced a dramatic change. Today, young people phone more than write letters. Will phones finally kill letter writing? My answer is “no”. 经典句型 1.引入话题 A.单一型 There is a general discussion today on the issue of (话题)... There is much discussion nowadays as to the problem of (话题)... These days we often hear about (话题)... There is a growing awareness that (话题)... Not long ago, someone (did something). The case is not rare. It has now drawn much attention to the issue of (话题). Never in history has the idea of (话题) been more evident. B.分歧型 When it comes to (话题), most people believe that (观点A), but other people regard it as (观点B) . When asked about (话题) , the vast majority of people say that (观点A), but other people view it as (观点B) . When faced with (话题), quite a few people claim that (观点A), but other people think of it as (观点B). There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of (话题) . Those who criticize it argue that (观点A) , but people who favor it, on the other hand, argue that (观点B). 2.陈述观点 A.直接型 As far as (话题) is concerned, I hold the opinion that (观点). For my part, I think (观点). I find the statement (话题) to be too narrow. In my opinion it is more advisable to... than to... . B.选择型 On the question of whether it is better to...or..., I have for a long time admitted that (观点). Some say..., but others take a negative attitude. In my opinion, I argue that (观点). Some people hold the opinion that...is far superior to... in many ways. Others, however, think quite differently on the question. Personally, I side with... . C.同意型 Some people advocate that (观点). My opinion is identical with theirs. D.反对型 Now, it is commonly believed that..., but I wonder whether... . Now, it is widely held that..., but I doubt whether... . Although some people believe that..., I wonder whether the argument bears close examination. Although many people believe that..., I doubt whether the argument bears much analysis. ..., but whatever the advantages of A, I like B. Despite the fact that most people..., I would like to choose (相反观点). 结尾出彩 1.总结重申法 2005命题:My Ideas of an Arts Festival 引论:I suggest that the arts festival be made up of various parts which are typical forms of college activities such as performances, forums and lectures on art. 结尾:In a word, the festival should be of great contents and proper forms. Different parts and forms are going to make it a wonderful art festival 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy 引论:Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. For my part, the best way to stay healthy is the combination of proper physical exercise and a balanced diet. 结尾:All in all, I believe the best way to keep fit is taking proper physical exercise plus staying on a balanced diet. Neither is dispensable if we are to enjoy sustainable health. 2.引申主题法 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 引论:There seems to be a fashion nowadays, especially among the young people, to phone each other more often than write letters, which has been the traditional way of communication since the early part of human history. Nevertheless,I do not side with the idea that phones are going to kill letter writing. 结尾:However, I am not suggesting that we should abandon the phone for letter writing. Actually, they are both important to us and neither will kill the other. Diversity of the communication means is just the reflection of the huge progress of human civilization. 2006: Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money 结尾:To sum up, using tomorrow’s money is capable of supplying mutual benefits for people and nation. However, we must lay stress on the “measure” of using tomorrow’s money, which isn’t far beyond our ability. 3.建议愿望法 2000: The Importance of Extracurricular Activity 结尾:To sum up, extracurricular activities are helpful and necessary to college students. But the problem is too many classes have taken up too much of students’ time. So I suggest it is the time that we took some reform on the school’s teaching plan. We have to admit that, to some degree, what students achieve outside the class are no less important than what they learn in the classroom. 2003: The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood 结尾:In conclusion, keeping a good mood is of primary importance because of its various benefits. So smile if you can, but never frown. 2005命题:My Ideas of an Arts Festival 结尾:Above-mentioned statements are my ideas of this arts festival. I’ll appreciate it very much if the Students’ Union can give me the feedback or any comments on my suggestions. I hope we can hold a successful and wonderful arts festival. 4.提问法 2003: The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood 结尾: Thus, a good mentality is my best choice, because it can release the pressure and sufferings better than drugs can. Are you in a good mood? 5.引经据典法 2006: Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money 结尾: In short, saving for the rainy day, a fine tradition of Chinese nationality, can provide us with the greatest security and the best satisfaction of life. 6.经典句型 In a nutshell, ... In a word, ... In brief, ... In conclusion, ... In short, ... In sum, ... In summary, ... To conclude, ... To sum up, ... All in all, ... All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that... All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that ... All available evidence shows that ... All reliable evidence points to the fact that... From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that... Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that... Taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that... Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that... Given those factors I have outlined, I believe that... For these reasons, I recommend that... Therefore, I strongly recommend that... 主体 I.统一性 1.分论点统一 2.2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (sample 1 优) 主旨:Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, in my opinion, phones will not kill letter writing. 分论点1:For one thing, a lot of our thoughts couldn’t be expressed to each other by phone but in writing a letter. 分论点2:For another, letter writing gives us broader freedom to express our feelings and passion. (sample 2 良) 主旨:Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, in my opinion, phones will not kill letter writing. 分论点1:First, letter writing is a traditional and good means to communicate.(与主旨关联性较差) 分论点2:Second, letter writing is a good way to practice writing. Most of us are good at writing letters. 3.句子统一 II.连贯性 1.分论点之间的逻辑顺序 A.重要程度 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy 主旨:But i n my opinion, the best way to stay healthy is to keep a good mood. 过渡:A good mood is most beneficial to health in at least two ways. 分论点1:In the first place, it can ease our nervous tension. 分论点2: Moreover, keeping a good mood can prevent us from taking insane actions. 2006:Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow’s Money 主旨:I absolutely believe that we will profit more from saving money than from spending tomorrow’s money. 分论点1:First, saving money is good to ourselves, especially to the young people. 分论点2: Second, it does contribution to the country by way of reducing the waste of resources and energy. B.熟悉程度 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 主旨:Though phones are more convenient than letter writing, in my opinion, phones will not kill letter writing. 分论点1:First, it cost less to send a letter than to phone. 分论点2:Second, there are many circumstances where letters are more appropriate or feasible than phone calls. 分论点3: Last but not least, letters are often written in a more logical and organized way. C.远近程度 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy 主旨:As for me, the best way to stay healthy is to develop a positive mind toward life. 过渡:The benefits for my ideas can be generalized to two major ones. 分论点1:First of all, a positive mind helps to release you from the pressure of frustration of your work or life. 分论点2:Another benefit is that the positive attitude helps you to gain friendship. D.正反排列(正反论证) 2006:Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow’s Money 主旨:I absolutely believe that we will profit more from saving money than from spending tomorrow’s money. 分论点1:First, saving money is a preparation for a secured life. 分论点2:In addition, money dissipating (waste) and luxurious life can weaken us. E.综合运用 2006:Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow’s Money 主旨:I absolutely believe that we will profit more from saving money than from spending tomorrow’s money. 分论点1:Firstly, saving money can relieve one’s anxiety in case of accidents, disease or other mishaps.(disaster) 分论点2:Secondly, saving money can give one a sense of fulfillment. 分论点3:Thirdly, saving money allows one to give a helping hand to others. 2.分论点内部的扩展 A.阐述型 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 分论点:First of all, writing letter costs much less than making a phone call.(support) 扩展:To write a letter, you just need a piece of paper, a pen, an envelop and a stamp, which all together costs no more than one Yuan. However, to make a phone call, you have to have a phone first and pay for every minute after. (details) B.因果型 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy 主旨:For my part, the best way to stay healthy is the combination of proper physical exercise and a balanced diet. 过渡:Both physical exercise and proper diet are essential to health. 分论点1:For one thing, physical exercise not only builds a person’s body, but also helps to reduce his or her unnecessary fat. 扩展:Indeed, this is very important since the redundancy of fat has been medically proved to be a cause of various diseases, some even fatal. C.举例型 2004:Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 主旨:Some think phones will kill letter writing. Personally, I do not see eye to eye with them. 分论点1:First, we can tell others in a letter what we find difficult to say in a phone call. 扩展:In daily life, one may be too shy to tell someone that he or she is in love. So, one may choose love letters instead of calling. In the letter, one can say whatever things one wants to say. 分论点2:Secondly, we need to write letters on some occasions. 扩展:For instance, a student fails to turn up in an appointment with his professor. To make his apology, just phone calling seems too informal. D.正反对比型 2002: The Best Way to Stay Healthy 主旨:For my part, the best way to stay healthy is the combination of proper physical exercise and a balanced diet. 过渡:Both physical exercise and proper diet are essential to health. 分论点2:For another, a balanced diet can provide a person with the right kind and amount of nutrition required by the operation of our organs. 扩展:As we know, a multitude of elements are effective in keeping our body running properly. A deficiency in any of them will result in some disfunction. 3.衔接手段 A.代词 B.重复 C.过渡语(列举;举例;因果;比较;对比;解释) 句子严密 1.错误的并列结构 2.代词指代不清 3.垂悬或错置修饰语 4.人称、数、语态、时态、语气的任意转换 行文简洁 结构多样 语言地道 措辞精妙