[英语学习]Online_Training_Manual_美语发音视频教程
Sounds and speech rulesSpeak slowly
Use a loud voice
Exaggerate your mouth movements
vowel sounds
AE I O U
ahh ohh eee ehh ihh oooconsonant sounds
,,,b ch s t f g sh w
Session One
1. Consonant R
2. Consonant W
R Tips
;, Your mouth and lips come forward, like you are going to kiss.u
Your tongue moves back in your mouth, NOT forward.
R at the beginning of wordsRock
Rip
Reach
Road
Rain
Rich
Rome
Raise
Robe
Rice
R sentence
The round rooster rushed into the wrong road.R at the end of words or after a vowel
Car
Far
Star
Door
Bear
Four
Air
Year
Turn
1
Poor
R in the middle of wordsu rVery
Direction
Arrange
Erase
Correct
Marry
Garage
Original
Hurry
Zero
Marine
Berry
Operation
Caring
Arrive
Everyone
混合R Blends
R is the strongest sound of the blend.
When the blend is at the beginning of a word, your mouth prepares for the R, by
coming forward before you even say the word.
R blends at the beginning of words
Training
Trust
Trip
Great
Tropical
Bring
Print
President
Product
Cracker
Crawl
Break
R blends in the middle of words
Subtract
Waitress
Nutrition
2
Australia
Introduce
Compress
Oppression
Betray
R practice sentencesThe story he read on the radio was incorrect.Her career in the law firm is permanent.
Richard and Brooke took a ride in their brand new Range Rover truck.
Everyone will respect the Royal Family when they arrive at the airport.The trip to the Rocky Mountains will be rescheduled on Friday.W Tips
Practice first with OO.Then go into OOOOOWAWAWA.Remember, A W is always makes a W sound. It NEVER makes a V sound.
W Sentence
What will we do?
Comparing R and W
Rick – Wick
Right – White
Remember, the W sound is also at the beginning of the words One and Once.
W at the beginning of wordsWhy
Which
When
What
Wipe
Wish
Weight
Wing
W in the middle of wordsAlways
Away
Beware
Awake
Someone
Rewind
3
Halloween
Hollywood
W practice sentences
The wind from the west was very wet. (Notice very has a /v/ sound)
We woke up and washed the white washcloth.
We waited for the waitress to give us water.
We had a wonderful time in Washington and Wisconsin.
Q words (produced as a KW sound KR) CH
Question
Quiet
Queen
Qualify
Quit
Quebec
Quilt
Choir
Paragraph Practice
Ray was born in Russia. He dreamed of building the perfect roller coaster at the Grand Canyon in Arizona. He had a friend named Fred who lived in Norway. Fred’s profession was designing railroad tracks and his career involved traveling all around
the world. Ray thought it would be perfect if Fred designed his roller coaster ride. Fred was creative, brilliant and worked well with railroad tracks. He would be the perfect engineer for the project. The ride took two years to construct and was painted red and white. Everyone really wanted to ride the brand-new roller coaster.Session Two
1. Voicing
2. Consonant pairs
3. Consonant S
4. Consonant Z Voicing
Voicing is when your vocal cords are vibrating in your throat, creating a buzzing sound. Say Ahhhh. Can you feel the vibrations in your neck? All vowels are voiced. Some consonants are voiced, some are not.
Paired Consonants:
P&B T&D F&V SH&ZSH K&G S&Z
4
Three rules for S&Z endings
Rule 1
If a word ends in a sound that is unvoiced (such as P, T, K, F), you add an unvoiced /S/
Examples:
1 cup, 2 cups (the p in cup is unvoiced, so you just add an unvoiced s)
1 cat, 2 cats (the t in cat is unvoiced, so just add an unvoiced s)
I break, he breaks
I stop, he stops
Rule 2
If a word ends in any of these sounds: s, z, sh, ch, or dg (j), when adding an S
ending, add IZZZZZZ
Examples:
,,,,,,1 Page 2 Pages Pagezz
1 Bus 2 Buses
1 Lunch 2 Lunches
I Raise, He Raises
I Brush, He Brushes
I Push, He Pushes
Rule 3
If a word ends in a vowel sound (like the word Tree) or a voiced consonant (like the word Game), then when you add an S, continue the voicing throughout the
entire word, and it should become a voiced ZZZZ.
Examples:
1 Tree, 2 Treezzzz (correctly spelled Trees)1 Day, 2 Days
1 Shoe, 2 Shoes
I Fly, He Flies
1 Game, 2 Games
1 Head, 2 Heads
1 Train, 2 Trains
1 Song, 2 Songs
Some common words where S’s are pronounced as Z’s
Is (This is good)
His (His mom is Mary)
As (As the phone rang)
Was (It was raining)
These (These are my children)
Those (Those are my books)
Easy (This is easy)
Because (Because we were late.)
5
Paragraph Practice
Notice that all voiced S/Z sounds are underlined.Another zippy, zappy, crazy day comes to a close. As we zoom up to Joe’s snooze zone, Zoe Jones of Zodiac Zoo plays with her zipper.
Last week, Jim’s brothers were picked to represent their country in the Olympic
Games. Two of the brothers were swimmers, while the other two were long distance
runners. All of the brothers wore glasses. These athletes worked hard at qualifying for
the games and were hoping to come home with prizes. Since the brothers go to the same university, they often take the same courses. This makes studying easier and gives them more time to do other things.
On Thursday, I had a very lazy day. I woke up early and first squeezed oranges into juice. I then got dressed and watched the sunrise come up over the mountains. It was so beautiful that I took many pictures with my camera and I used three rolls of film. After drinking two cups of coffee, I got dressed, left the house, and walked three
miles home.
Session Three
1. The Unvoiced TH Sound
2. The Voiced TH Sound
3. THR Blends
4. Voicing the T Sound
The Unvoiced TH Sound
Flat tongue protruding through your teeth. Maintain a steady air stream. Stretch
out the TH sound.
Example:
Think of the word Thumb as having two beatsTh . umb
1 2
Unvoiced TH at the beginning of wordsThanks
Thick
Thunder
Thursday
Think
Unvoiced TH at the middle of wordsAnything
Bathmat
Toothpick
Athletic
Mouthwash
6
Unvoiced TH at the end of words
Bath
North
Beneath
Fourth
South
The Voiced TH SoundVoiced TH at the beginning of words
The (The book)
That (That house)
They (They came over)Them (Give them water)There (There it is)This (This is my nose)Those (Those boys are good)
These (These are my parents)
Voiced TH in the middle of words
Clothing
Leather
Mother
Another
Weather
Northern
Voiced TH at the end of words
Smooth
Bathe
Breathe
Practice Phrases
This and that
A tablecloth
Winter clothing
Athens, Greece
That’s the one
Her skin is smooth Thirty Day’s noticeA famous author
Here and there
False teeth
Thread the needle
A thoughtful gift
7
Thunder and lightening
Thumbs up
Practice Sentences
Thelma arrived in town last Thursday.I’m having trouble threading this needle.I need thirty three thick thermometers.
The thing they like best about Athens is the weather.This thrilling novel was written by a famous author.He will be through with his work at three-thirty.Now and then, she likes to buy new clothing.They thought they were going to Northern Spain.Which tablecloth shall we use for the party?That was the thirty-third theatre to open.THR Blends
Thread (thread the needle)
Throw (throw the ball)
Throat (my throat is sore)
Thrill (a thrilling ride)
Three (three more days)
Threw (yesterday he threw the ball)
Throne (the king sits on a throne)
Paragraph Practice
Nurse Thatcher was thankful it was Thursday. She knew that on Thursday she had to deliver thirty three boxes of thermometers to the North American Athletic Club. They thought that thermometers were necessary for testing the hydrotherapy baths. This was thought to benefit the athletes with arthritis. The athletic trainers required authorization to provide hydrotherapy to the youthful athletes on the three bulletin boards with thumbtacks throughout the athletic club. Rather than risk the health of the athletes, they thoroughly checked the thousands of thermometers to insure their worthiness; otherwise they needed to be thrown away.
TH Exceptions
Although the following words are spelled with a ‘TH’, they are pronounced as a
T.
Thomas
Thompson
Theresa
Thailand
Thames
Esther
Thyme
8
Voicing the T Sound
If a T falls within two voiced sounds (usually vowels), the T becomes voiced like a
D.
Examples:
Water Wader (the whole word is voiced)
Better Bedder
Butter Budder
Voiced T Practice
Betty bought a bit of better butter. But, said she, this butter’s bitter. If I put it in my batter, it’ll make my batter bitter.
Session Four
1. Consonant ‘F’
2. Consonant ‘V’
3. The Unvoiced ‘SH’ Sound
4. The Voiced ‘ZSH’ Sound
Consonants F and V are produced with contact of your upper teeth and lower lip.
Think of it as biting your lower lip. Maintain a steady air stream.
They are both identical, except the F is unvoiced, and the V is voiced.
Practice Words with ‘F’
Foot
Find
Finally
Family
Freedom
Laugh
Telephone
Symphony
Rough
Practice Sentences
Do you feel like a physical wreck?Are you fed up with your feeling of fatigue? Have you had enough of feeling rough? Why don’t you fight fever with Pharaoh’s Friend. A medicine that is tough on Flu.
Practice Words with ‘V’
;,Vote is not Wote
9
Vine
Oven
Evaluate
Voice
Travel
River
Every
Glove
Alive
Leave
Comparing F and V
Feel – Veal
Safe – Save
Fat – Vat
Fine – Vine
Face – Vase
Fan – Van
Foul – Vowel
Proof – Prove
Practice Phrases
A famous athlete
A food vendor
The Foreign ServiceSummer vacation
Vocabulary test
Over the rainbow
Our first victory
Harvard UniversityHusband and wife
Very well done
Practice Sentences1.Her promotion in the firm was well deserved. 2.There was only one survivor on the island.
4.Steve noticed that the olive juice must have stained his sleeve.
5.The street vendor was selling souvenirs to tourists.
6.Dave gave me his car so that I could drive on New Year’s Eve.
3.There were several dents in the rear fender. 7.Tom placed several tomatoes from the vine into a basket.
10
NOT OF. BUT OV.
The Unvoiced SH SoundTo make the Unvoiced SH sound, bring your mouth and lips forward, teeth
should be slightly apart. Produce air stream. Words beginning with SH begin
with this sound. (So are the words Sugar, Sure, Chef and Chicago.)
SH practice words
BeginningShe
Sugar
Sure
Shadow
Sheep
Shirt
Shoe
Shape
Chicago
Chef
Middle
Nation
Motion
Mission
Special
ReputationOfficial
Machine
Fishing
Insurance
Sunshine
Ocean
Tissue
Addition
Subtraction
End
Rush
Dish
Establish
Splash
Irish
Fresh
Finish
11
SH Sentences
The fishing trip was planned and we left to go to the ocean.Was the chef ashamed to use the precious sugar?Sharon gave a special performance.He will be stationed in Washington, D.C, the nation’s capital.
She went to a fashion show after taking a shower.She sells seashells by the seashore.
The social club was praised for their cooperation.SH Practice
Joe’s weather machine shows a sharp drop in air pressure, especially offshore.
Ships in motion on the ocean should be sure to use caution.The Voiced ZSH Sound
The Voiced ZSH sound is exactly like the SH except voicing is added.
ZSH practice words
Middle
Usual(U?zshu?al)
Unusual
Usually
Vision
Visual
Conclusion
Asia
Version
Division
Casual
Television
End
Beige
Massage
Prestige
Practice Sentences
It’s not unusual for people to study division in Asia.I usually use a measuring cup to measure erosion.The beige walls were the usual color in the treasury building.
List things that are appropriate for each column. Then say them out loud in full
sentences for practice.Example: It’s usually hot in the summer.
It’s unusual for me to be late for an appointment.
Usually
Unusual
12
Hot in the summer
Late for appointmentsSession Five
1. Consonant L
L Tips:
Your bottom jaw should be as wide open as possible.
Your tongue should RISE UP (independently of your jaw) and touch right behind
your top teeth.
Produce the ‘L’ sound by dropping and relaxing your tongue.
Practice “LA, LA, LA”, keeping your bottom jaw lowered and open while only
raising your tongue.L at the beginning of wordsLunch
Local
London
Learn
Large
Life
Lobby
Library
Lucky
Lift
Laugh
Long
L in the middle of wordsInflation
Believe
Volume
Glue
Elevator
Solve
Pulling
Flood
Delete
Elect
Alive
Color
L at the end of a wordTo produce an L at the end of a word, remember to slowly raise your tongue
13
upward, towards your upper teeth, while keeping your bottom jaw as open as
possible. The L sound comes from the tongue movement, not from the placement.
(Using your finger to push down on your bottom teeth to keep your jaw open, may
be helpful for practicing.)
Practice words
Will
Ball
Tall
Call
Small
Control
Bowl
Apple
Miracle
Powerful
Control
Financial
People
L Sentences
The lollipop fell into the cool water.Her driver’s license was pulled out of the blue golf bag.
Blake’s bowling ball fell under his tools.Carl could not locate the lemons or the limes.The school was a mile away from the hill.The golf club was made of steel.
Al’s goal was to play baseball with Carol.A certified letter was delivered for the enrollment list.
It was revealing to look at the smiling lawyer.FL Blend Poem
A flea and a fly, flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, “Let us fly!”
Said the fly, “Let us flee!”
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.Practice using Will
Will you empty the garbage?
Will you ask her to clean the kitchen?Will you prepare a meal for the children?When will you begin your studies at college?When will she purchase the dress for her wedding?Why will he ask them to stay late at work?
14
Why will she bring her baby to the meeting?How will they know if our flight is delayed?Where will the child be going next year?Where will they put all of the pillows?What will she do with the millions of dollars she won?
Comparing R and L
Red - Led
Rick - Lick
Reef - Leaf
Rear - Lear
Rest - Less
Grass - Glass
Crime - Climb
Free - Flee
L and R Combinations
Seal ring
Toll road
Already
Civil rights
Railroad
Rivalry
Coral reef
Jewelry
Schoolroom
Gravel road
Session Six
1.Word Endings
Make sure that the final sounds in your words come through clearly and fully. Don’t
drop off or shorten the endings!
P endings
I hope the group will sleep on the ship.The soda pop spilled out of the cup, over the map and onto her lap.
Was the Egg Drop Soup cheap?
B endings
We cleaned the cobweb from the doorknob in the bathtub.
Rob broke his golf club when he slipped on the ice cube.
The crab was under the cement slab at the yacht club.
The ticket stub was found in the taxicab.
15
T endings
Kate left her cat on the mat as she flew a kite.The sailboat came into the port to join the fleet.What bait will make the fish bite? A cricket or a piece of meat?
D endings
Fred will decide which sled should be painted red.David tried to send a refund back to England.He could not hide his report card behind the chalk board.Three rules for ED endings
Many verbs that are in the past tense end in ED. (Example: Today I walk, yesterday I
walked)
Rule 1
If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, when adding ED, just add an Unvoiced
T
Example:
Jump ? jumped. (pronounced jump T)
Walk ? Walked yesterday I walked. (pronounced walk T)
Rule 2
If a word ends in a voiced consonant, add a Voiced DExample:
Rub ? Rubbed Today I rub, yesterday I rubbed. (pronounced rub-D)
Clean ? Cleaned I cleaned the kitchen.
Pour ? Poured I poured the milk.
Scrub ? Scrubbed I scrubbed the floor.
Tag ? Tagged I tagged the clothing.
Spill ? Spilled I spilled the juice.
Trim ? Trimmed I trimmed the tree.
Move ? Moved I moved to California.
Buzz ? Buzzed The clock buzzed all night.Rule 3
If a word ends in a T or a D sound, we add a Voiced EDExample:
Lift ? Lifted Today, I lift the ball. Yesterday, I lifted the ball.
Heat ? Heated I heated up my dinner.
Vote ? Voted He voted this morning.
Hand ? Handed He handed me his report.
Trade ?Traded I traded in my old car.
Add ? Added She added some information.
All voiced D endings are underlined to help you remember to add voi cing.
Bob raked the leaves and then started to wash his car. He then loaded up the
dishwasher and finished washing his dishes.
16
Susan spilled her drink on the spotted rug.
She cleaned it up with a napkin, which wasted a lot of time.He thanked me and offered me money, if I picked up the used equipment.
Three Nasal Sounds: M N NGPractice Ng endings
Ring
Sing
Thing
Bring
Practice sentences
I have a feeling that she is working too much.
She has been wearing a hearing aid so that she could sing.
He is looking forward to speaking at the Thanksgiving celebration.
Session Seven
1. CH sound
2. The American J sound (DG)3. Consonant H
CH Unvoiced as in Ch-ur-chAmerican J Voiced as in J-u-dgeCh at the beginning of wordsChina
Cherry
Charge
Chocolate
Challenge
Cheese
Chunk
Chairman
Ch in the middle of wordsKey chain
Lunch box
Richard
Picture
Teacher
Fortune
Nature
Beach ball
Ch at the end of words
17
Detach
Teach
Porch
March
Patch
Wrench
Coach
Approach
Ch exerciseChop-chop, children, it’s Charlie’s Kitchen adventure!
Today, Chuck will be teaching future champion cooks how to make a chocolate
cheesecake.American J at the beginning of words
Juice
Jump
Juggle
Jury
Japan
Giant
Genetic
Junior
Generate
German
American J in the middle of words
Algebra
Legend
Magic
Subject
Digest
Rejoice
ObjectiveMajesty
Educate
SuggestionAmerican J at the end of words
Age
College
Postage
Stage
Pledge
18
Village
Average
Page
Courage
Knowledge
American J exerciseA German judge and jury have charged and jailed a strange giant, who sat on the edge
of a bridge throwing jelly onto large barges.
Consonant H
When an H is at the beginning of a word it is pronounced with a strong, loud air-
stream.
Practice: Ha... Ha… Ha.
H at the beginning of words
Hand
Hide
Hope
Hair
House
Harvard
Honey
Happy
Who
Whole
H word pairs
Old- Hold
Is- His
It- Hit
At- Hat
Arm- Harm
Ill- Hill
Ate- Hate
As- Has
H in the middle of words
Ahead
Behave
Anyhow
Inhale
Downhill
Dehydrate
19
Wholehearted
Overhaul
H exercise
He thought that he should….
He thought that he should wash the car.He thought that he should thank his teacher.He thought that he should watch television.He thought that he should use the telephone.He thought that he should shut the door.He thought that he should breathe deeply. (Voiced TH)
He thought that he should tell the truth.Henry the hungry hippo, who hogged a huge heap of one hundred hamburgers, has
had hiccups for one whole week.
Session Eight
1. American English Vowels
2. Vowel EE
3. Vowel I
The best way to learn American vowels is by Ear Training. Listen carefully and
repeat.
Front Vowels: (From high to low)
EE - I - AE - EH – A [ i:] [ i ] [ ei ] [ e ] [ æ ]
EE - I - AE - EH - A
EE - I - AE - EH - A
EE as in Heat
I as in Hit
AE as in Hate
EH as in Het (nonsense word)
A as in Hat
Heat - Hate - Het - Hat
Back Vowels: (From high to low)
OO - Uh - Oh - Aw - Ah
OO - Uh - Oh - Aw - Ah
OO as in Boot
Uh as in Book
Oh as in Boat
Aw as in Bought
Ah as in Bot (nonsense word)
Boot - Book - Boat - Bought – BotBoot - Book - Boat - Bought – Bot
20
Boot - Book - Boat - Bought – Bot
Comparing Heat (EE) and Hit (I)
Remember: Heat is high. Hit is lower.
Heat – Hit
Keen – Kin
Deal – Dill
Seek – Sick
Seen – Sin
Reap – Rip
Teal - Till
Bean –Been (Bean is high. I ate a bean. Been is low. I have been here.)
Feed Seen Teen
I’ve been buying beans.EE Vowel Sound
Remember, smile and think high.
See
Me
Each
Even
Key
Green
Tree
Very
Happy
Softly
Mary
Busy
Finally
Country
EE Practice
Speeding on the FreewayHappily eating cheeseHe and She
Skiing very RapidlyShe sees a monkey eating honey. We see a pony stealing money. Who can he see? It
must be me!
I Vowel Sound
Bit
Bill
21
Lift
Fizz
Kitchen
Build
Bigger
Chimp
Fifth
Listen
Business
Fist
Display
Filming
Live
Fish
Discuss
Fig
Fifty
Been
EE and I PracticeThe beans have been cooking since six o’clock.
Sit in that seat by the window.We ate our meal, by the mill.The seal will live in the ocean.
Tim’s team grinned after seeing the green field.Pip and Pete shipped the sheep cheaply.Those bins are for Bill’s beans.
Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans?
The girls put concrete on Jill’s sneakers.Pick cherries at their peak or you will eat the pits.
He hit the baseball and felt the heat
He hit the baseball and felt the heat
Session Nine
1. Vowel OW
2. Vowel AE
Vowel O
The Hidden W: OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE
O Vowel Sound
Open
Oatmeal
22
Blown
Bold
Owner
Phone
Cold
Robe
Coach
Rotate
Loan
Slow
Road
Roam
O Practice
How did you know that?I don’t know where the hole is on the coat.
Does Joe know how to drive on the road?
I need to blow my nose when I have a cold.
Has it ever snowed in Rhode Island?
Cold winds will slowly blow snow over most of Ohio.
This low is no joke. So folks, don’t go out without coats!
Woke and Wont
Practice: WOWOWOWOWO
Woke = WOW + K
Won’t = WOW + ‘NT
I want the ball.
I won’t give you the ball.She wants to sleep.
She woke up.
He wants to buy a car.He won’t buy a car.
They want to speak with you.He won’t speak with you.Vowel AE
Age
Aid
Eight
Able
Chain
Date
Eighteen
Fake
23
Lazy
Made
Baby
Gain
Change
Gave
Nation
Day
Paper
Angel
Basic
Face
AE Practice
The ape gave the trainer a cane.David began shaving when he was eighteen.The rainbow appeared when daylight changed.
The baby snake lived in a painted cage.My neighbors basement was changed from blue to beige.
Hey, take away the strain! Weigh the gains of a great break with Lazy
Day Vacations. Lines are open eight till late. They aim to make your day!
The 50 United States (Stressed sounds are in bold)
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
24
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New HampshireNew Jersey New Mexico
New York
North Carolina North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode IslandSouth Carolina South Dakota
TennesseeTexas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
WashingtonWest Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Session Ten1. Vowel OO2. Vowel UH3. Vowel EHOO Vowel Sound
Blue
Booth
News
Juice
Loosen
Ruler
Food
Choose
25
Mood
Moving
Loop
Knew
Tooth
Smooth
Pool
Moon
Shoes
Zoo
Grew
Room
OO Practice
The room in the school was very cool.Tuesday at noon in the studio.
Viewing the moon on June nights.
Do you remember the woman who lived in a shoe?She hadn’t a clue what to do when her family grew.
Well, through your help, they are moving in June into two big boots.
Double OO words that are pronounced as UHFood has a high vowel (OO)
Foot has a lower vowel (UH)
UH Vowel Sound (that are spelled with OO)Foot
Took
Cook
Shook
Stood
Good
Look
Book
Wool
Swoosh
Lower vowel (Uh)
Would you help me?
Hollywood, California
Would you please order the wood from Hollywood?Very good!
UH Practice (All OO sounds are in boldface, all UH sounds are underlined.)
26
He took a good look under the hood and found a flute.Julie enjoys good books after school.
He put his foot in the new boot.
She took her students to the brook to wash their shoes.We pulled him out of the swimming pool.
The fool ate until he was full.
EH Vowel Sounds
Egg
Get
Friend
Next
Entrance
Better
Healthy
Lettuce
Wrench
Spread
Best
Ready
Every
Red
Exit
Check
Fence
Headset
Necklace
Wealth
EH Practice
Resting on the edge of the bed.
Ten letters from the enemy.Dennis will enter the festival.
The message was given to the chef.
Hello again, friends! Let’s do a weather check. Well, whoever said temperatures are
getting better, better get ready to spend a wet weekend in Tennessee.
Session Eleven
1. Vowel AU as in Out2. Vowel AH as in Top3. Vowel A as in HatA Vowel Sound
27
Back
Dad
Fax
Value
Sat
Hatch
Jacket
Taxi
Apple
Catch
Rabbit
Tack
A Practice
The fat cat wore a jacket.Pack your sack and bring your magnet.
He sang about an actor named Jack.
AU Vowel Sound
This is an important sound! If mispronounced, it can often make you
misunderstood.
Begin this sound with the A sound as in hat…
Then, slide your mouth forward to form a small W sound.
Example: Downtown. DA – wn…TA – wnDowntown Downtown
AU Practice
Now
House
Round
Loud
Gown
Sound
Ouch
Out
Found
South
Ounce
Rebound
Mouth
Bounce
Flower
Thousand
Spout
28
Count
AU Practice
The brown couch is downstairs.
Her house is on the South side of the mountain.I was proud of the sounds that came out of my mouth.Are VS Our
Are (Close with strong R sound, tongue retracts back.)Are you going?
Our (Begin with the AU sound (A as in Hat), Then close your mouth and say
Were.)
Our meeting is in one hour.
Think of the word Our as having two syllables.Pronounced as AU-WERE (The word Hour is also pronounced the same way).
Are/Our Practice Sentences
Are you going to our house?
Sales are down, but our projections for next year are very good.
Our plans will be changing in the next hour.Are you sure that our meeting will be an hour late?AH Vowel Sound
O words that are pronounced with AH
Hot
Top
Stop
Probably
Follow
Not
Blob
Sock
Mop
Product
Solve
Problem
AH Practice (AH sounds are underlined)Bob opened the box and followed the instructions.
Tom put some cotton, rocks and a doorknob in his locker.
My mom made a concrete model of a hockey rink.
Session Twelve
1. Tongue Twisters
F, W, Voiced Z
29
Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear, Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was
he?
Voiced V
Vincent vowed vengeance very viciously.
P
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, How many peppers did Peter Piper pick?
SH, S and Z
She sells seashells by the seashore.
The shells she sells are surely seashells.So if she sells shells on the seashore,
I’m sure she sells seashore shells.
W, CH, and Final Consonants
How much wood, would a woodchuck chuck,
If a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,And chuck as much wood as a woodchuck wouldIf a woodchuck could chuck wood.
W
Which witch, wished which wicked wish?
While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s
windows with warm washing water.
If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch?
R
Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins. B, BR, and BL blends
Bradley’s big black bath brush broke.
Bradley’s big black bath brush broke.
TH
Tom threw Tim thirteen thumbtacks.
He threw three free throws.
There are thirty-three thousand birthdays on the third of every month.
The father gathered smooth feathers for Thanksgiving.The sixth graders are enthusiastic about Jonathan’s birthday.
30
GR, and GL blends
Green glass globes glow greenly.L, OO vowel
Aluminum Linoleum, Aluminum Linoleum, Aluminum Linoleum,
Won’t
I would if I could! But I can’t, so I won’t!
Woke
I woke, he woke, she woke, they woke. We all woke up.
Session Thirteen
1. Phrase Reductions
2. Intonation Phrase
Reductions
Going to try (gunna try)
I’m gunna try to finish this book.(gunna try)
Want to eat (wanna eat)
Do you wanna eat at seven o’clock? (wanna eat)
Have to start(hafta start)
I hafta start a diet tomorrow.(hafta start)
Has to try (hasta try)
He hasta try harder.
(hasta try)
Got to leave (gotta leave)
I (very) gotta leave in fifteen minutes.(gotta leave)
Ought to believe (oughta believe)
;, She veryoughta believe what he is saying.(oughta believe)
Out of bed (outa bed)
31
I got outa bed when I heard the alarm clock.
(outa bed)
Did you go (Didja go)
Didja go to the store?
(Didja go)
Would he help (Woody help)
Woody help me move the furniture?
(Woody help)
Won’t you play (Woncha play)
Woncha play one more song on the piano?
(Woncha play)
Didn’t you know (Didincha know)
Didincha know that she was coming home tomorrow?(Didincha know)
Is he (Izzy)
Izzy the one that called?
(Izzy)
What do you want (Whadaya_want)
Give it to me (GividaMe)
;,Gividame right nowaway.
(GividaMe)
Intonation Practice
Have you ever tried one of Diane’s Donuts? They are so delicious. I have eaten many
different kinds of donuts, from all over the country; however, I have never tasted
anything, quite like Donuts made by Diane. I have been told that she uses the finest
and freshest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best
milk. I am sure, that once you taste these incredible donuts, you will run and tell all of
your friends.
Syllable Stress
Generally, two-syllable words have stress on the first syllable.Two-Syllable Words stress 1st syllable
Sofa
Oven
After
Finger
32
Station
Second
Enter
Often
Uncle
Carpet
Father
ChildrenWalking
Jacket
Lucky
Comment
Two-Syllable Words stress 2nd syllable
Delete
Decline
Survive
Protect
Adopt
Advance
Below
Resolve
Advice
Acquit
Control
Arrive
Involve
Massage
Disease
Relate
Generally, three-syllable words have stress on the second syllable.
Three-Syllable Words stress 2nd syllable
ReductionArrangement
AuditionCompanionDetectiveAmbitiousCompanionApplianceDiscoverUnlawful ConclusionAssemble
33
Adjustment
Affected
Acceptance
Ferocious
Syllable Stress Practice
The pictures are fantastic.
He needs permission to find a solution.
The party is in honor of his retirement.
Her son exhibited bad behavior on their vacation.
Comparative Sentences
Joe drinks cheap wine.
Sue only drinks expensive wine.
Don’t forget his birthday.
We would never forget his birthday.
She’s planning to leave tomorrow.
He made plans to leave a month ago.
The Teacher’s meeting is at nine o’clock.
The students announced that they will never have a meeting.
My telephone isn’t working.
The telephone needs to work by lunchtime.
He’s painting his house blue and green.
Your house would look terrible if it were green.
Session Fourteen
1. Putting it all together – Part I
2. The 10 Key steps towards Improvement
Photo album
Keeping a family photograph album is a good way to save family memories for yourself and future generations of your family. Very old pictures can be taken to a photo shop and reprinted so that they can be placed in an album. Be sure to write on the back of the picture any information you remember about the people in it. Also, write the date if you remember it. Looking at photo albums is a relaxing way to spend the day and it is a fun activity to share with family and friends. Your children, grandchildren and their children will appreciate your efforts too.The Public Library
Your library card can be your ticket to entertainment, current events and new ideas. Almost every city has a public library and there is no charge for a library card. Libraries have books about many subjects, but there are also other things at the library. These include books on cassette tape, videotapes, large print books, CD’s, DVD’s and magazines. Many have free programs in the afternoon or evening about travel, hobbies or other topics of interest. Some cities also have a bookmobile or
34
traveling library, which brings the library right into your neighborhood.John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller did three amazing things. First, he acquired probably the greatest fortune in all history. He started out in life digging potatoes under the hot sun for four cents an hour. In those days, there were not half a dozen men in all the United States who were worth even one million dollars. Eventually, John D. managed to collect a fortune said to be anywhere from one to two billion dollars. And yet, the first girl he fell in love with refused to marry him.
The reason given was because her mother refused to allow her daughter to throw herself away on a man who had such poor prospects.
Stars
How many stars can you see on a dark, clear night? You can see about three
;, thousand3,000stars with your eyes alone. But keep in mind that you are viewing only part of the sky. If the whole sky were visible, you could count about five thousand (5,000) stars. If you look through a small telescope you might see as many as six hundred thousand (600,000) stars. Through the most powerful telescopes, astronomers can spot millions of stars. No one is sure exactly how many stars there are altogether, but astronomers believe there are at least two hundred (200) billion, billion stars out in space.
The 10 Keys towards Improvement
1. Practice and listen.
2. Do not leave off the endings of your words.
3. Make a list of frequently used words.
4. Open your mouth more when you speak English.
5. Don’t be afraid to speak.
6. Read aloud in English for ten to 15 minutes every day.
7. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation errors.
8. Watch the mouth movements of native speakers and try to imitate them. 9. Buy books on tape. Read along with the tape - out loud.
10. Be patient.
Session Fifteen
1.Putting it all together – Part II
A foreign student
When a student from another country comes to study in the United States, he has to find out for himself the answers to many questions, and he has many problems to think about. Where should he live? Would it be better living in a dormitory or in a private room off campus? Should he spend all of his time studying, or should he take advantage of the many cultural and social activities that are offered? At first, he may not feel that he fits in with the American culture. He may not feel confident when he
35
speaks. Little by little, however, he learns how to handle himself in various situations. Finally he begins to feel very secure and ‘at home’. Unfortunately, this long-awaited feeling doesn’t develop suddenly. It takes time.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes are holes in the Earth’s crust which allow molten rock to escape from beneath. The molten rock, or lava, may flow out gently or it may be blasted high in the air with gas and ash in a violent explosion. There are eight hundred and fifty active volcanoes around the world. Do you know where these mountains of fire are found? Three quarters of them are found within a zone called the “Ring of Fire.” One edge of the zone stretches along the west coast of the Americas from Chile to Alaska. The other edge runs along the east coast of Asia from Siberia to New Zealand. Twenty percent of these volcanoes are located in Indonesia. Other big groupings are in Japan, The Aleutian Islands, and Central America.
The Chinese Language
Chinese is a most unusual language. It differs from English and most other major languages in that it has hundreds of different dialects. A person who lives in one section of the vast country of China, often cannot understand a fellow Chinese who lives in another section. These two major dialects are Cantonese and Mandarin. Cantonese is a southern dialect. Mandarin, a dialect that originated in northern China, is spoken by more Chinese than any other dialect.
Non-Chinese people often say that the Chinese seem to “sing” their language. Chinese sounds as though it is sung, because many words are only one-syllable long and because the tone of voice changes for each word. As in English, many words have more than one meaning. The speaker’s tone of voice indicates each word’s specific meaning.
Even more fascinating than the variety of spoken sounds is the Chinese written language. It has no alphabet. Instead, it employs signs called “characters.” Each spoken word in the language is represented by a separate character. Originally, the characters were drawings that depicted the meanings of the words, but over the years,
they have simplified, and most no longer look like the things they represent.The Supercontinent
Around one hundred (100) to one hundred and fifty (150) million years ago, there
may have been only one continent on our planet. At least that is what some earth scientists have decided after years of research. If you look at the map of the world carefully, you can see that the present-day continents could be thought of as the pieces to a gigantic jigsaw puzzle. In your imagination carefully put the pieces together to form the supercontinent. You will see that if you took away the South Atlantic Ocean and pressed South America and Africa together they would fit very nicely. You could continue removing oceans and seas and put other parts of the world together quite
36
easily until you get to those last two pieces of Australia and Antarctica. Scientists
believe that the continents of Australia and Antarctica were once linked together. They
may have split slowly off from the supercontinent and then separated from each other
as recently as forty (40) million years ago.
The 50 Most Mispronounced Words in English
AccountingArgue
Actually
Available
ArrangementsBasically
Business
Calls
Complete
Continue
ContributeCorporationDifferencesDirectly
Exactly
EducationalEvery
ExceptionalFamiliar
Financial
FrustratingGeneral
ImmediatelyInconvenienceIntroduce
IrrationalJustice
Likeable
Loosen
MeasurementsMiddle
Multiple
National
Original
OutrageousParticularPartnership
37
Problem
ProhibitQuality
QuestionReferringRegardlessRequest
Similar
SpecificValue
VisualizeVulnerableWorking
38