定语从句学案

定语从句学案 链接：6个高考定语从句考查点： 一  定语从句及相关术语。 二  只能用that或which的情况。 三  关系代词与关系副词的区别 四  介词+关系代词 五  as 与which的区别 六  定语从句与其它易混句型 一 定语从句及相关术语： 1. 定语从句：修饰一个____或____的从句成为定语从句。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。 3. 引导词：引导定语从句的词, 可分为关系代词和关系副词。 4. 引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2) 指代先行词(3) 在从句中作成份 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 关 系 词 所 指 先 行 词 在 从 句 中 所 担 成 分 关系代词 that 人，物 主，宾 which 物， 主，宾 who 人 主，宾 whom 人 宾 whose 人，物 定 as 人，物 主，宾 关系副词 when 时间 状 where 地点 状 why 原因 状         5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 做做试试： 1. Tom’s brother, ____ lives in London, is an engineer.    A.whom    B. who    C.that    D. which 2. Have you seen the film “Gone with the wind” , _____leading actor is world famous? A. its    B. it’s    C. whose      D. which 3. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child. A .which      B. where      C. that      D. when 4. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until      B. that      C. when      D. where 二  只能用that或which的情况 1、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which （1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③the only、the very、 any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 All_______ is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything _______ he had stolen to the police. He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels _______ filled his bus. （4）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books________ you bought for me ? 2、用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中；修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which （2）在关系词前有介词时 She failed the exam, __________made her parents vary angry. My glasses, without ___________ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 做做试试： 1.This is the book ______ I told you about.  2. She described in her compositions the people and places ______ impressed her most. 3. Who is the girl _____ drove the car? 4. He’s the only boy in our city ____ enters the Beijing University 5. All ____ is needed is money and hands. A. which  B. that    C. \    D. all above      E. who 三  关系代词与关系副词的区别 1). a. The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. b. The reason_____________he gave us sounded reasonable. 2). a. I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris. b. I’ll remember the day________we stayed together. 3).a. Is this the factory_________ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _________Lincoln once lived? 温馨提示: 看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分； 若是作状语, 就用where, when, why等关系副词； 若是作主语、宾语，则用关系代词that, which, whom, who等。 做做试试： 1)He has got himself into a dangerous situation_____he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where    B. which    C. while    D. why 2) We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer. A. which    B. that    C. whose    D. when 3) York, ____ last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited    B. which I visited  C. where I visited    D. in which I visited 四  介词+关系代词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略，指人用whom,指物用which。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 1.  Do you like the book______________she spent $10?    2.  Do you like the book______________she paid $10? 3.  Do you like the book ______________she learned a lot?    4.  Do you like the book_______________she often talks? 5.  This is the house ____________________ I lived two years ago. 6. Do you remember the day ____________________ you joined our club? 五  as 与which的区别 1. which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首。 2. as 代替整个句子,放句首,句中或句尾,示“正如“或像…一样”as often happens, as is known, as is said, as we all know. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.  1).The meeting, _______was held in the park, was a great success. 2). She has married again, _______ was unexpected 3).He cheated his friend of much money, _______ was very disgraceful. 4). ___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China. 六 定语从句与其它易混句型 1.定语从句与并列句 1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of  _______were black with diseases. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses. 解题点拨：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。 2.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _______no one can lift. Tom is not such an intelligent person _____you think. They had such a fierce dog _____ no one dared to go near their house. 分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。 3.定语从句和强调句 (1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.    It is the room _______I lived last year. (2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went to school this morning. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning. 分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。 4.定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news  ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem __________we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve. 分析：that 引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的,在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。 5. 关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。 He is the only one of the students who ___________ very good marks in the match.(get) He is one of the students who ________________ good marks in the match. 小试牛刀： 1. Was it in the shop ______ sold children’s clothing that you lost your wallet？ A. /   B. where   C. that   D. when 2. Thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house. A. when   B. /   C. why   D. where 3. Is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer？ A. who   B. which   C. where   D. in which 4. The managers discussed the plan _____ they would like to see ____ the next year. A. that；carried out B. who；carried out C. which；carry out D. that；carrying out 5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made _______ with lots of spots. A. which；cover  B. that；covered  C. /；covering  D. where；covering 6. Lincoln， ________ life was once hard，were elected President of American. A. for whom   B. who   C. to whom   D. / 定语从句专练： 1.We should learn from those___are always ready to help others. A.who              B.whom            C.they            D.that 2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who___in China. A.works     B.is working        C.are working      D.has been working 3.Tom is the only one of the students who___to Shanghai. A.have gone        B.have been         C.has been       D.had gone 4.I,___your good friend,will try my best to help you out. A.who is       B.who am        C.that is          D.which am 5.The old man has two sons,___are lawyers. A.both of them    B.both of who    C.both of whom      D.both of they 6.He is a man of great knowledge,___much can be learned. A.in whom       B.about whom    C.from whom       D.of whom 7.Do you know the man___just now? A.to who I nodded B.I nodded to C.whom I nodded D.Whom I nodded to him. 8.The man___has gone to Japan. A.whom I told you               B.that I told you C.whom I told you about him     D.I told you about 9.Please pass me the dictionary___cover is black. A.which          B.its              C.whose          D.which of 10.The radio set___last week has been out of order. A.I bought     B.I bought it    C.which I bought it      D.what I bought 11.All the apples___fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. A.which            B./             C.that          D.they 12.I can tell you___he told me last week. A.all which       B.all what           C.that all         D.all that 13.This is the biggest lab___we have ever built in our university. A.which          B.what            C.that             D.where 14.Is oxygen the only gas___helps fire burn? A.that            B./                  C.which            D.what 15.Air,___we breathe every day,is around us all the time. A.that               B./                  C.which            D.it 16.This is the museum____we saw an exhibition the other day. A.that           B.which              C.where            D.in that 17.This museum is___you visited the other day. A.that         B.which           C.where            D.the one 18.This is the museum ___you saw the other day. A.that           B.where           C.in which              D.in that 19.It is the third time___late this month. A.that you arrived      B.when you arrived  C.that you’ve arrived   D.when you’ve arrived 20.It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A.that            B.which              C.in which        D.when 21.We often think of the days___we spent together on the island. A.when       B.which         C.in which        D.during which 22.Have you ever been to Shanghai,____I left ten years ago? A.where           B.which        C.that            D.when 23.He has left Beijing,___a meeting is to be held. A.when              B.where            C.as              D.which 24.This is the very place___I’m wishing to live in. A.where       B.which         C.that          D.in which 25.Is it in that factory_____”Red Flag” cars are made? A.in which          B.where            C.that         D.which 26.I have bought the same dress____she is wearing. A.as          B.that              C.which              D.than 27.Can you solve such problems___raised by the audience? A.what were     B.as were        C.that were        D.which were 28.The reason___he didn’t come was____he was injured. A.that,because    B.why,that      C.why,because    D.that,that 29.He must be from Africa,____can be seen from his skin. A.that          B.as              C.it                D.what 30.His father died last year,____made it impossible for him to go abroad. A.when          B.which          C.as            D.that 31.___is natural,he married Mary. A.It            B.What      C.Which      D.As 32.The buses,____were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.most of them B.most of which    C.which most    D.that most 33.All___is needed is a supply of oil. A.the thing       B.that        C.what        D.which 34.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of___had not been cleaned for years.    A.these    B.those       C.that       D.which 35.She heard a terrible noise,___brought her heart into her mouth. A.it        B.which              C.this              D.that 36.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person____she could turn for help. A.that          B.who            C.from whom            D.to whom 37.This is one of the means____the electic energy is conducted from one place to another.    A.by which    B.by that    C.through which    D.through that 38.The place___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place. A.in which        B.at which            C.where            D.which 39.The last river___they crossed is two miles wide. A.where          B.which            C.that            D.in which 40.The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks____built in the Qing Dynasty.  A.where were  B.where was    C.that were      D.which was 41.The factory_____ I am going to is the place_______ my mother used to work many years ago. A.where,where  B.where, which  C.which,where  D.that,which 42.Don’t trust such men____overpraise you to your face. A.as        B.that      C.who          D.which 43.The professor has two sons,___are teaching in the same university. A.neither of them  B.either of them   C.both of them   D.both of whom 44.Don’t do such things___you are not sure about. A.that      B.which              C.as      D.what 45.Rober is good at language,____we all know. A.because      B.for        C.as      D.since 46.China has hundreds of islands,____we all know. A.in which        B.at which          C.of which            D.which 47.She wrote a letter to her father,___she made her secret known. A.which        B.that        C.in which      D.where 48.Oxygen is a kind of gas,___we couldn’t live. A.without it    B.without that      C.without which    D.if not 49.Matter is anything____ A.that take up space and have weight    B.which take up space and have weight C.that takes up space and has weight    D.those take up space and have weight 50.I have many books,the best____was borrowed by Mary. A.about them      B.of which      C.among them      D.in which 51.She showed me the dictionary___she paid a lot of money.