蒙得维的亚国家权力与义务公约

MontevideoConventionontheRightsandDutiesofStatesSignedatMontevideo,26December1933EnteredintoForce,26December1934Article8reaffirmedbyProtocol,23December1936BoliviaaloneamongstthestatesrepresentedattheSeventhInternationalConferenceofAmericanStatesdidnotsigntheConvention.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,Peru,andBrazilratifiedtheConventionwithreservationsdirectlyattachedtothedocument.CONVENTIONONRIGHTSANDDUTIESOFSTATESTheGovernmentsrepresentedintheSeventhInternationalConferenceofAmericanStates:WishingtoconcludeaConventiononRightsandDutiesofStates,haveappointedthefollowingPlenipotentiaries:Honduras:MiguelPAZBaraonaAugustoC.COELLOLuisBOGRANUnitedStatesofAmerica:CordellHULLAlexanderW.WEDDELLJ.ReubenCLARKJ.ButlerWRIGHTSpruilleBRADENMissSophonisbaP.BRECKINRIDGEElSalvador:HectorDavidCASTROArturoRamonAVILAJ.CiprianoCASTRODominicanRepublic:TulioM.CESTEROHaiti:JustinBARAUFrancisSALGADOAntoinePIERRE-PAULEdmondMANGONESArgentina:CarlosSAAVEDRALamasJuanF.CAFFERATARamonS.CASTILLOCarlosBREBBIAIsidoroRUIZMorenoLuisA.PODESTACostaRaulPREBISCHDanielANTOKOLETZVenezuela:CesarZUMETALuisCHURTONJoséRafaelMONTILLAUruguay:AlbertoMANEJuanJoséAMEZAGAJoséG.ANTUNAJuanCarlosBLANCOSenoraSofiaA.V.DEDEMICHELIMartinR.ECHEGOYENLuisAlbertoDEHERRERAPedroMANINIRiosMateoMARQUESCastroRodolfoMEZZERAOctavioMORATALuisMORQUIOTeofiloPINEYROChainDardoREGULESJoséSERRATOJoséPedroVARELAParaguay:JustoPastorBENITEZGeronimoRIARTHoracioA.FERNANDEZSenoritaMariaF.GONZALEZMexico:JoséManuelPUIGCasaurancAlfonsoREYESBasilioVADILLOGenaroV.VASQUEZRomeoORTEGAManuelJ.SIERRAEduardoSUAREZPanama:J.D.AROSEMENAEduardoE.HOLGUINOscarR.MULLERMaginPONSBolivia:CastoROJASDavidALVESTEGUIArturoPINTOEscalierGuatemala:AlfredoSKINNERKleeJoséGONZALEZCampoCarlosSALAZARManuelARROYOBrazil:AfranioDEMELLOFrancoLucilloA.DACUNHABuenoFranciscoLuisDASILVACamposGilbertoAMADOCarlosCHAGASSamuelRIBEIROEcuador:AugustoAGUIRREAparicioHumbertoALBORNOZAntonioPARRACarlosPUIGVilassarArturoSCARONENicaragua:LeonardoARGUELLOManuelCORDEROReyesCarlosCUADRAPasosAlfonsoLOPEZRaimundoRIVASJoséCAMACEOCarrenoChile:MiguelCRUCHAGATocornalOctavioSENORETSilvaGustavoRIVERAJoséRamonGUTIERREZFelixNIETODELRIOFranciscoFIGUEROASanchezBenjaminCOHENPeru:AlfredoSOLEYMUROFelipeBARREDALaosLuisFernanCISNEROSCuba:AngelAlbertoGIRAUDYHerminioPORTELLVilaAlfredoNOGUEIRAWho,afterhavingexhibitedtheirFullPowers,whichwerefoundtobeingoodanddueorder,haveagreeduponthefollowing:Article1Thestateasapersonofinternationallawshouldpossessthefollowingqualifications:(a)apermanentpopulation;(b)adefinedterritory;(c)government;and(d)capacitytoenterintorelationswiththeotherstates.Article2Thefederalstateshallconstituteasolepersonintheeyesofinternationallaw.Thepoliticalexistenceofthestateisindependentofrecognitionbytheotherstates.Evenbeforerecognitionthestatehastherighttodefenditsintegrityandindependence,toprovideforitsconservationandprosperity,andconsequentlytoorganizeitselfasitseesfit,tolegislateuponitsinterests,administeritsservices,andtodefinethejurisdictionandcompetenceofitscourts.Theexerciseoftheserightshasnootherlimitationthantheexerciseoftherightsofotherstatesaccordingtointernationallaw.Article4Statesarejuridicallyequal,enjoythesamerights,andhaveequalcapacityintheirexercise.Therightsofeachonedonotdependuponthepowerwhichitpossessestoassureitsexercise,butuponthesimplefactofitsexistenceasapersonunderinternationallaw.Article5Thefundamentalrightsofstatesarenotsusceptibleofbeingaffectedinanymannerwhatsoever.Article6Therecognitionofastatemerelysignifiesthatthestatewhichrecognizesitacceptsthepersonalityoftheotherwithalltherightsanddutiesdeterminedbyinternationallaw.Recognitionisunconditionalandirrevocable.Article7Therecognitionofastatemaybeexpressortacit.Thelatterresultsfromanyactwhichimpliestheintentionofrecognizingthenewstate.Article8Nostatehastherighttointerveneintheinternalorexternalaffairsofanother.Article9Thejurisdictionofstateswithinthelimitsofnationalterritoryappliestoalltheinhabitants.Nationalsandforeignersareunderthesameprotectionofthelawandthenationalauthoritiesandtheforeignersmaynotclaimrightsotherormoreextensivethanthoseofthenationals.Article10Theprimaryinterestofstatesistheconservationofpeace.Differencesofanynaturewhicharisebetweenthemshouldbesettledbyrecognizedpacificmethods.Article11Thecontractingstatesdefinitelyestablishastheruleoftheirconductthepreciseobligationnottorecognizeterritorialacquisitionsorspecialadvantageswhichhavebeenobtainedbyforcewhetherthisconsistsintheemploymentofarms,inthreateningdiplomaticrepresentations,orinanyothereffectivecoercivemeasure.Theterritoryofastateisinviolableandmaynotbetheobjectofmilitaryoccupationnorofothermeasuresofforceimposedbyanotherstatedirectlyorindirectlyorforanymotivewhatevereventemporarily.Article12ThepresentConventionshallnotaffectobligationspreviouslyenteredintobytheHighContractingPartiesbyvirtueofinternationalagreements.Article13ThepresentConventionshallberatifiedbytheHighContractingPartiesinconformitywiththeirrespectiveconstitutionalprocedures.TheMinisterofForeignAffairsoftheRepublicofUruguayshalltransmitauthenticcertifiedcopiestothegovernmentsfortheaforementionedpurposeofratification.TheinstrumentofratificationshallbedepositedinthearchivesofthePanAmericanUnioninWashington,whichshallnotifythesignatorygovernmentsofsaiddeposit.Suchnotificationshallbeconsideredasanexchangeofratifications.Article14ThepresentConventionwillenterintoforcebetweentheHighContractingPartiesintheorderinwhichtheydeposittheirrespectiveratifications.Article15ThepresentConventionshallremaininforceindefinitelybutmaybedenouncedbymeansofoneyear'snoticegiventothePanAmericanUnion,whichshalltransmitittotheothersignatorygovernments.AftertheexpirationofthisperiodtheConventionshallceaseinitseffectsasregardsthepartywhichdenouncesbutshallremainineffectfortheremainingHighContractingParties.Article16ThepresentConventionshallbeopenfortheadherenceandaccessionoftheStateswhicharenotsignatories.ThecorrespondinginstrumentsshallbedepositedinthearchivesofthePanAmericanUnionwhichshallcommunicatethemtotheotherHighContractingParties.INWITNESSWHEREOF,thefollowingPlenipotentiarieshavesignedthisConventioninSpanish,English,PortugueseandFrenchandhereuntoaffixtheirrespectivesealsinthecityofMontevideo,RepublicofUruguay,this26thdayofDecember,1933.ReservationsTheDelegationoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,insigningtheConventionontheRightsandDutiesofStates,doessowiththeexpressreservationpresentedtothePlenarySessionoftheConferenceonDecember22,1933,whichreservationreadsasfollows:TheDelegationoftheUnitedStates,invoting"yes"onthefinalvoteonthiscommitteerecommendationandproposal,makesthesamereservationtotheelevenarticlesoftheprojectorproposalthattheUnitedStatesDelegationmadetothefirsttenarticlesduringthefinalvoteinthefullCommission,whichreservationisinwordsasfollows:"ThepolicyandattitudeoftheUnitedStatesGovernmenttowardeveryimportantphaseofinternationalrelationshipsinthishemispherecouldscarcelybemademoreclearanddefinitethantheyhavebeenmadebybothwordandactionespeciallysinceMarch4.I[SecretaryofStateCordellHull,chairmanofU.S.delegation]havenodispositionthereforetoindulgeinanyrepetitionorrehearsaloftheseactsandutterancesandshallnotdoso.EveryobservingpersonmustbythistimethoroughlyunderstandthatundertheRooseveltAdministrationtheUnitedStatesGovernmentisasmuchopposedasanyothergovernmenttointerferencewiththefreedom,thesovereignty,orotherinternalaffairsorprocessesofthegovernmentsofothernations."Inadditiontonumerousactsandutterancesinconnectionwiththecarryingoutofthesedoctrinesandpolicies,PresidentRoosevelt,duringrecentweeks,gaveoutapublicstatementexpressinghisdispositiontoopennegotiationswiththeCubanGovernmentforthepurposeofdealingwiththetreatywhichhasexistedsince1903.Ifeelsafeinundertakingtosaythatunderoursupportofthegeneralprincipleofnon-interventionashasbeensuggested,nogovernmentneedfearanyinterventiononthepartoftheUnitedStatesundertheRooseveltAdministration.IthinkitunfortunatethatduringthebriefperiodofthisConferencethereisapparentlynottimewithinwhichtoprepareinterpretationsanddefinitionsofthesefundamentaltermsthatareembracedinthereport.Suchdefinitionsandinterpretationswouldenableeverygovernmenttoproceedinauniformwaywithoutanydifferenceofopinionorofinterpretations.Ihopethatattheearliestpossibledatesuchveryimportantworkwillbedone.Inthemeantimeincaseofdifferencesofinterpretationsandalsountilthey(theproposeddoctrinesandprinciples)canbeworkedoutandcodifiedforthecommonuseofeverygovernment,IdesiretosaythattheUnitedStatesGovernmentinallofitsinternationalassociationsandrelationshipsandconductwillfollowscrupulouslythedoctrinesandpolicieswhichithaspursuedsinceMarch4whichareembodiedinthedifferentaddressesofPresidentRooseveltsincethattimeandintherecentpeaceaddressofmyselfonthe15thdayofDecemberbeforethisConferenceandinthelawofnationsasgenerallyrecognizedandaccepted".ThedelegatesofBrazilandPerurecordedthefollowingprivatevotewithregardtoarticle11:"ThattheyacceptthedoctrineinprinciplebutthattheydonotconsideritcodifiablebecausetherearesomecountrieswhichhavenotyetsignedtheAnti-WarPactofRiodeJaneiro4ofwhichthisdoctrineisapartandthereforeitdoesnotyetconstitutepositiveinternationallawsuitableforcodification".Honduras:MiguelPAZBaraonaAugustoC.COELLOLuisBOGRANUnitedStatesofAmerica:AlexanderW.WEDDELLJ.ButlerWRIGHTElSalvador:HectorDavidCASTROArturoRamonAVILADominicanRepublic:TulioM.CESTEROHaiti:J.BARAUF.SALGADOEdmondMANGONESA.PIERRE-PAULArgentina:CarlosSAAVEDRALamasJuanF.CAFFERATARamonS.CASTILLOI.RUIZMorenoL.A.PODESTACostaD.ANTOKOLETZVenezuela:LuisCHURTONJ.R.MONTILLAUruguay:A.MANEJoséPedroVARELAMateoMARQUESCastroDardoREGULESSofiaAlvarezVignoliDEDEMICHELITeofiloPINEYROChainLuisA.DEHERRERAMartinR.ECHEGOYENJoséG.ANTUNAJ.C.BLANCOPedroMANINIRiosRodolfoMEZZERAOctavioMORATALuisMORQUIOJoséSERRATOParaguay:JustoPastorBENITEZMariaF.GONZALEZMexico:B.VADILLOM.J.SIERRAEduardoSUAREZPanama:J.D.AROSEMENAMaginPONSEduardoE.HOLGUINGuatemala:M.ARROYOBrazil:LucilloA.DACUNHABuenoGilbertoAMADOEcuador:A.AGUIRREAparicioH.ALBORNOZAntonioPARRAV.C.PUIGV.ArturoSCARONENicaragua:LeonardoARGUELLOM.CORDEROReyesCarlosCUADRAPasosColombia:AlfonsoLOPEZRaimundoRIVASChile:MiguelCRUCHAGAJ.RamonGUTIERREZF.FIGUEROAF.NIETODELRIOB.COHENPeru:(withreservationsetforth)AlfredoSOLEYMUROCuba:AlbertoGIRAUDYHerminioPORTELLVilaIng.NOGUEIRA