大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案(1-4单元期末考试范围)

8. 1. 随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。(take on) With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities. 2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment) He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more. 3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to) Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading. 4. 说得好听一些,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst) At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications. 5. 我们已尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway) We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway. 9. 1.It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework ... or when they die . 看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟,给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候 2. One exception to the “unnecessary father” syndrome is the glowing media attention that at home dad shave received. 这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。 3.By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails. 同样,家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时,其灵活程度也要小一些,因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。 4.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers thatthe absence of fathers form households causes serious problems for children, for society at large. 目前,研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩—继而也对整个社会—带来严重的问题。 5.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are—not onlyfor financial support, butfor emotional support, education and discipline as well. 作为一个社会,我们需要认识到,对于孩子来说,父亲是与母亲同等重要的,不仅仅在经济支持上,而且 在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。 6. Mounting evidence suggests that men and women think differently, and this seems to hold true in the unfortunate case of prejudice. New research by evolutionary psychologists at Michigan State University suggests that prejudice in men tends to be linked to aggression, while prejudice in women tends to be lin ked to fear. These researchers propose a “male warrior hypothesis” in order to explain how our history of group conflict may have shaped male and female psychologies in distinct ways. Essentially, men are more likely to start wars and to defend their own group, sometimes in very risky and self-sacrificial ways. Attacking other groups represents an opportunity to offset these costs by gaining access to mates, territory, resources and increased status. Women, meanwhile, live under the threat of sexual coercion by foreign aggressors, and are apt to display a“tend-and-befriend response”toward mem bers of their own group, while maintaining a fear of strangers in order to protect themselves and their offspring. 越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同,这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示,男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关,而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究者提出了一种男人皆武士的假设”,以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。 本质上,男人更有可能发动战争,以保卫他们的群体,有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失,并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时,女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下,对自己的同伙往往容易表现出“照顾和结友”的反应,而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。 8. 1. 宪法公民享有言论自由。(provide for) The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech. 2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法,因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up) Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children. 3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before) We have learned some words long before we can read. 4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more ... the more) Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better. 5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人,而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather) The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor. 9. 1.The feeling is that the home alone can provide anything resembling a satisfactory arrangement for the old and the young. 人们的感觉是只有家庭才能给老人与幼童提供使他们会产生满足感的一切。 2.But for the young, it is to be taken for granted that not much need be said, since there is natural paternal affection. 对子女来说,享有父母的呵护毋庸多说,因为这是一种本能的父辈的情感。 3.After all, there is nothing more beautiful in this world than a healthy wise man, with“ruddy cheeks and white hair,” talking in a soothing voice about life as one knows it. 终究,世上再也没有什么能比一个健康而智慧的老者更完美的了。他有着“红润的面庞,雪白的头发”,用和蔼的声音,谈论着人生世故。 4.Many Americans must have seen Chinese pictures of the God of Longevity, with his high forehead, his ruddy face, his white beard — and how he smiles! 美国人大概也看到过中国人所画的老寿星,他那高突的前额、红润的面庞、雪白的长须,还有他笑容可掬的神态! 5.I have no doubt that the fact the old men of America still insist on being so busy and active can be directly traced to individualism carried to foolish extent. 我丝毫不怀疑,美国的老人依旧要坚持说他们又忙碌又活跃这一事实,可以归为个人主义被推崇到了愚蠢的地步。 8. 1. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off) You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time. 2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个。(qualify as) I don’t think what you said really qualifi es as an answer. 3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo) Our shouts echoed through the silent streets. 4. 毫无疑问,他的成绩提高了,他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive) There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived. 5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for) The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court. 9. 1.When Brian Hill, a 20-year-old blogger from North Carolina, posted on his Web site last December a photograph of an airport security officer conducting a pat-down, a legal battle was the last thing he imagined. 丹佛——布莱恩?希尔,一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主,去年12月在他自己的博客上发布了一张机场保安人员搜身的照片,没想到由此引来了一场法律战。2.To allow others who have not shared in that Investment to reap the benefit ultimately hurts our ability tocontinue to fund that investment at the same level. 允许那些没有参与投资的人谋取利益,最终会伤害了我们按照同样的水平进行投资的能力.” 3.Mark Hinueber, general counsel for Stephens Media, owner of The Review-Journal, echoed Ms Glines’ concerns,saying that cutting and pasting articles “steals the potential audience for our editorial material and traffic to our Web sites.” 《评论期刊》的投资人兼斯蒂芬斯媒体的法律总顾问马克?西纽贝尔赞同格兰斯的观点,说剪贴文章就是“窃取我们所编辑材料的潜在读者和网络流量。” 4.Other critics of the suits contend that reposting material for the purposes of discussion does not constitute Infringement. 关注该诉讼的其他评论家也认为,出于讨论的目的而重新粘贴的资料不构成侵权。 5.If the accusation were true that we were just a purely greedy operation not advancing the interests of copyright law, then we wouldn’t be addressing viewer diversion. 如果指控成立,说我们纯粹是一家贪婪的公司,而不是在推动版权法权益,那我们就不会处置网站受众转移的问题。” 8. 1. 我爷爷虽然70岁了,但他的爱好广泛,从下国际象棋到爬山,多种多样。(range from ... to) My grandfather’s interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old. 2. 真奇怪,汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly) Surprisingly, Tom’s grandmother plays wi th dolls at the age of 80. 3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify for) His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get. 4. 你如何解释他的那个怪梦?(interpretation) What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream? 5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of) The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of making 200 kilometers an hour. 9. 1.The study of literature is not only civilized and civilizing — encompassing, as it does, philosophy, religion, the history of events and the history of ideas — but popular and practical. 文学的研究—包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究,不仅是文明的,同时是有教化作用的,而且是流行的和实际的。 2.This requirement is certainly no impediment toa major in English. 这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。 3. Graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to hold them. 只有技术性资格的毕业生能找到从商工作,但却经常难以居其位。 4.Employers complain that these appa r ent ly promi s ing young men and women are simply not competent communicators. 雇主们抱怨说,这些表面上年轻有为的男女们根本不会有效地交流, 5. The list of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examiner to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist. 主修英语的毕业生能胜任联邦政府的一系列工作,从索赔审议到外交官再到公路安全管理专家等等。