朗文英语听说教程1-答案

朗文英语听说教程(一)Quiz Unit 1 Happiness What did psychologists want to find out ? 1. a. Which people are happy b. What makes people happy c. How people define happiness How do happy people feel about their lives ? 2. a. They like everything. b. They want to change. c. They are satisfied. Why are happy people optimistic ? 3.a.They have few problems. b.They don’t worry much. c. They have negative attitudes. What factor is most important for happiness ? 4. a. Good relationships b. A successful career c. A lot of money 5. Describe how psychologists learned what makes people happy. Psychologists asked hundreds of people how happy they are. Then they asked questions to find o ut about their personalities. They looked at the differences between happy people and unhappy people. 6. What three personality factors do happy people have? Happy people are satisfied with themselves. They are also optimistic about their problems. In add ition, they have good relationships with their friends and family. Unit 2 New Kinds of Food (1’:50”) What is genetically modified food ? 1. a. Fresh food b. Dangerous food c. Altered food What genetically modified fruit did the speaker mention ? 2. a. Strawberries b. Apples c. Bananas What is a benefit of genetically modified food ? 3. a. It needs fewer pesticides. b. It grows in less space. c. It dominates the environment. What is a risk of genetically modified food ? 4. a. It may stay fresh longer. b. It may be more expensive. c. It may be harmful to people. 5. What are three benefits of genetically modified food? Genetically modified food needs fewer pesticides. Genetically modified food/plants grow better t han normal. In addition, they stay fresh longer after they are harvested. 6. What are three risks of genetically modified food? Genetically modified food/plants may dominate other plants in the environment. Also, they migh t hurt wild animals and insects. They might even hurt the people who eat them. Unit 3 Public Art (2’:02”) What is public art ? 1. a. Art in museums b. Art in people’s houses c. Art in public places What sculpture is an example of realistic art ? 2. a. Spoonbridge and Cherry (spoon and cherry) b. Non-Violence (gun in knot) c. Peace (wom an on horse) What concept do two of the sculptures in the lecture symbolize ? 3. a. Public art b. Surrealism c. Peace What is the main purpose of public art ? 4. a. To make people go to museums b. To make artists more popular c. To make public places more beautiful 5. What is pop art? Give an example. Pop art shows things people see in their everyday lives. Spoonbridge and Cherry, the sculpture of a large spoon with a cherry, is an example of pop art. 6. What is surrealistic art? Give an example. Surrealistic art shows things that are strange or impossible. Non-Violence, the sculpture of a gun tied in a knot, is an example of surrealistic art. Unit 4 Journey to Antarctica When did Shackleton and his crew make their journey ? 1. a. From 1912 to 1914 b. From 1914 to 1916 c. From 1916 to 1918 Where did Shackleton and five men go for help ? 2. a. South Georgia Island b. Elephant Island c. Argentina What finally happened to Shacklenton and his crew ? 3. a. Everyone died. b. Some were rescued. c. Everyone was rescued. What finally happened to the Endurance ? 4. a. It reached America. b. It sank near Antarctica. c. It returned to London. 5. What was the goal of Shackleton’s Journey? Did he succeed? Shackleton’s goal was to be the first person to walk across Antarctica. He didn’t succeed. 6. What did Shackleton and his crew eat when they were living on ice? First, they ate supplies from the ship. Then they hunted animals in the area. Finally, they killed an d ate their dogs. Unit 5 Violence on Television (2’:11”) How much TV does the average American child watch ? 1. a. Three to four hours a day b. Three to four hours a week c. Thirty to forty hours a week What TV shoes have the most violent acts ? 2. a. Movies b. Cartoons c. The news How many violent acts does the average child see on television by age twelve ? 3. a. About 1,000 b. About 10,000 c. About 100,000 What did the two studies show ? 4. a. TV violence is linked to real violence. b. TV violence is not harmful for children. c. TV violen ce is increasing in the United States. 5. How did researchers study the immediate effects of TV violence on children? The researchers showed children a TV show of a child hitting and kicking a doll. Then they left the children alone with a doll. The children hit and kicked the doll. This study showed that children d o what they see on TV. 6. How did researchers study the long-term of TV violence on children? The researchers studied how much violent television some children watched at age eight. Then th ey studied the same children at age eighteen. The children who watched a lot of violence TV wer e more violent at age eighteen. Unit 6 Too Old to Learn? (2’:06”) What do animals learn new skills ? 1. a. Before the critical period b. During the critical period c. After the critical period What must young kittens learn to do ? 2. a. See b. Eat c. Meow What must young songbirds learn to do ? 3. a. See b. Eat c. Sing What changes after the critical period in humans ? 4. a. The ability to hear sounds b. The ability to pronounce sounds c. The size of the brain 5. Define critical period. Give an example. The critical period is when an animal or human can learn a new skill. For example, in humans ther e is a critical period for language learning. 6. What is difficult for adult language learners? Why? Adults find it difficult to pronounce sounds correctly. Therefore, they may never learn to speak a new language with a native accent Unit 7 Are We Alone? (2’:15”) What is the SETI project looking for ? 1. a. Intelligent beings b. Other galaxies c. Rocket ships Why do some scientists think there is intelligent life on other planets ? 2. a. They have received signals from other planets. b. They have seen rockets from other planets. c. They believe other planets could support life. How does the SETI project look for life in other galaxies ? 3. a. By sending out radio signals b. By listening for radio signals c. By sending out rockets Why does the STEI project look for radio signals ? 4. a. Radio signals travel quickly and have a short range. b. Radio signals travel quickly and have a long range. c. Radio signals travel slowly and have a long range. 5. How fast do radio signals travel? How long is needed for a radio signal to travel from the nearest galaxy to earth? Radio signals travel at the speed of light. A radio signal travels about four years from the nearest galaxy to earth. 6. Why doesn’t the SETI project use rockets to look for intelligent life? Rocket ships are restricted to traveling in one direction. And they are much slower than radio signals. Unit 8 Do the Right Thing (1’:55”) What is the principle of common good ? 1. a. Do what is best for most people. b. Do what is best for everybody. c. Do what is best for y ourself. What is the principle of individual rights ? 2. a. Take care of other people. b. Do what is best for yourself. c. Make your own decisions. Whose writings is the principle of individual rights based on ? 3. a. Aristotle b. Kant c. Bentham What ethical principle can be used to justify lying ? 4. a. The principle of individual rights b. The principle of individual good c. The principle of co mmon good 5. Explain why the friend in the lecture wanted to lie to the dying woman. The friend thought spending a lot of money on an expensive funeral was a waste of money. He w anted to give the money to a school for homeless children. 6. Use an ethical principle to explain how the friend can justify lying to the dying woman. Followi ng the principle of common good, the friend will help more people if he gives the money to the s chool for homeless children. The only person he might hurt is the dying woman. Unit 9 A Good Night’s Sleep How does the National Sleep Center learn about sleep ? 1. a. From watching people sleep b. From surveys about sleep habits c. From books about sleep habits What is a cause of sleep deprivation ? 2. a. Our modern lifestyle b. Feeling tired c. Health problems What is an effect of sleep deprivation ? 3. a. Car accidents b. Watching TV c. Family problems What percentage of Americans feel sleepy when driving ? 4. a. Seventeen b. Twenty c. Fifty 5. How has technology affected our sleep habits? A hundred years ago, people didn’t stay up late because there was not much to do. However, today we can stay up late working, watching TV, or using the Internet. 6. How does feeling sleepy affect people at work? When people are sleepy at work, they don’t think clearly and can make mistakes. These mistakes can cost a lot of money or cause accidents. Unit 10 Negotiating for Success What is one technique for successful negotiation ? 1. a. Solving the problem b. Talking about feelings c. Using “I”statements Why should you use I statements in a negotiation ? 2. a. To explain your opinion b. To solve the problem c. To avoid blaming others What often happens if you blame someone in a negotiation ? 3. a. The person stops communicating. b. The person accepts the blame. c. The person solves the problem. What usually causes problems in a negotiation ? 4. a. The issue in the negotiation b.People’s feelings about the negotiation c. The people in the negotiation 5. Explain the example of conflict in the lecture. Who has a conflict? What is it about? Two co-workers have a conflict. They are working on a project together. One person isn’t finishing his work on time. 6. Give an example of a statement blaming another person. Then rewrite the statement using an “I”statement. A statement blaming another person is “You aren’t doing your work, Joe.”An “I”statement is “I’m worried because the work isn’t done.” Unit 11 Risking It What activity has a high perceived risk ? 1. a. Flying in an airplane b. Driving a car c. Riding a bicycle What is an example of a risk you can control ? 2. a. Being in an earthquake b. Driving a car c. Flying in an airplane What is an example of a natural risk ? 3. a. Going out in the sun b. Living near a nuclear power plant c. Flying in an airplane What is an example of an everyday risk ? 4. a. Being in an earthquake b. Flying in an airplane c. Walking down stairs 5. Explain the difference between actual and perceived risk. Give an example. An actual risk is the real risk of being hurt or killed. A perceived risk is the risk people feel. For exa mple, some people feel that flying is more dangerous than driving. However, more people are kill ed in car accidents than in airplane accidents. 6. Explain the difference between controlled and uncontrolled risk. Give an example. A controlled risk is a risk people can control. An uncontrolled risk is a risk they can’t control. For example, people are in control when they are driving. However, the pilot is in control when they are flying in an airplane. Unit 12 The Electronic Brain When was ENIAC built ? 1. a. From 1943 to 1945 b. From 1953 to 1955 c. From 1963 to 1965 Who designed ENIAC ? 2. a. The U.S. Army b. IBM c. Mauchly and Eckert How many calculations could ENIAC make per second ? 3. a. Five hundred b. Five thousand c. Five million How big was ENIAC ? 4. a. The size of an 1,800-square-foot room b. The size of an 2,500-square-foot room c. The siz e o f an 5,000-square-foot room 5. Why was ENIAC built? During World War II, the U.S. Army was doing scientific projects. Women used adding machines t o do the calculations by hand. However, this process was slow and there were errors. The army w anted a way to do faster and better calculations. 6. Why did Mauchly and Eckert want to work on ENIAC? Mauchly was a physicist. He wanted to build a computer that could predict the weather. Eckert w as an electrical engineering student. He liked to build complex electronic machines.