西安事变英文讲解

The Xi'an Incident The Xi'an Incident of December 1936 is an important episode of Chinese modern history, taking place in the city of Xi'an during the Chinese Civil War between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the rebel Chinese Communist Party and just before the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 12 December 1936, Generalissimo(总司令,大元帅) Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang was suddenly arrested and kidnapped by Marshal Zhang Xueliang, a former warlord of Manchuria, then Japan-occupied Manchukuo. The incident led the Nationalists and the Communists to make peace so that the two could form a united front against the increasing threat posed by Japan. Some facts about the incident still remain unclear as most of the parties involved died without revealing in detail what happened during those chaotic few weeks. Before Xian incident, Chinese Communist Party was severely dampened by the Kuomintang on the military front, and Japanese influence in China was greater than ever, that means the success of Xian incident would generate the chance for Soviet Union to expand in North China and weakens the Japanese. He Yingqin, a senior general of the Kuomintang, was preparing to lead arms forces to Xian from Nanking after the incident and General He Yingqin is pro-Japanese that would cause conflict of interest between Soviet Union and Japan in North China and the inducing outgrowth of imminent Russo-Japanese confrontation would become inevitable, which is adversary to the national interest of Soviet Union that Chang Kai Shek was kept alive and in the eyes of Soviet Union that Chang Kai Shek acted as the deputy role to lead Kuomintang to combat the Japanese with the Chinese Communist before the final Communist takeover of China (as deemed to be governed by Soviet Union as a satellite puppet). In sum, Xian Incident was directed by Joseph Stalin, planned by the Chinese Communist Party and executed by Marshal Zhang Xueliang. The Xian Incident is credited to be the turning point for the Chinese Communist Party as the party itself was going to be annihilated by the Kuomintang before the incident, and because of the Chinese nationalism that was en-kindled by Xian Incident to battle against the Japanese Imperial Forces on the United Front of Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party that eventually Chinese Communist Party secured uninterrupted logistic supplies from Soviet Union on the Northern China border after the beset in the military retreat during Long March, and consequently the Russo-Chinese Communist Party cross-tie defeated the Kuomintang (with lack of plenary US economic aid to Kuomintang and disjunct US military supplies to Kuomintang) in Mainland China in the Chinese Civil War after Japan unconditionally surrendered to the Allied forces.