与现在事实相反假设b但愿b

与现在事实相反假设b但愿b GEPT Instructor: Joyce , S + wish that + S + were/ V-ed/ could/would :與現在事實相反假設::但願,真希望…: , S + wish that + S + had + V-pp :與過去事實相反假設: = If only S + V :用法相同: , 用此種句型,表示無法實現的願望 EX: I wish I were a bird. EX: I wish I had come to the party and had a good time. EX: She wishes that we hadn’t sent her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet. EX: If only we could develop good habits as early as possible. 比較: , S + wish + O. + to V :有可能發生的希望;很希望做 : EX: I wish you to help me with my homework. EX: I wish to go to college. 翻譯: 1. 我真希望我現在是個大學生:college student: 2. 我真希望國中時就會體會出英文的重要性 :realize: 3. 要是今天放假就好了 4. 要是我能去美國進修就好了 :for advanced/ further study: 5. 真希望幾年前我就已開始研讀英文 6. 但願將來我能成為一位教授 7. 但願我能在短時間賺很多的錢 1 GEPT Instructor: Joyce 假設法語氣 前言: If 是從屬連接詞,引導條件的副詞子句,因此會出現兩個子句 , 未來 , 單純未來假設:有可能發生的事實,對未來不確定的想像: , If + S + V現, S + will/shall/can/may (助動詞現在) + V EX: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home and watch TV. EX: If you want to stay later, I will come back to meet you. EX: If you do not study harder, you may fail. 翻譯: 1. 假如報告是真的,我就要解雇他:report: 2. 假如下週如果有颱風,我們就取消比賽 3. 假如明年你沒有還我錢,我就要告你 :file a suit: 4. 假如你要請老師來你的生日日派對,他將一定會來 , 現在 , 與現在事實相反的假設 , If + S + V-ed/were…, S + would/could/should/might (助動詞現過去) + V ** 與事實相反的動詞用過去式或過去完成式 **be不論主詞人稱一律用 were EX: If you were older, you would understand. EX: If I were a rich man, I would buy a luxurious car and a big house. EX: If you finished your homework, you could go to the movies. 2 GEPT Instructor: Joyce 翻譯: 1. 假如Mary沒有生病,她要去逛街 2. 如果Justin有錢,他就能買下這房子 , 過去 , 與過去事實相反 , If + S + had V-pp…, S + would/could/should/might (助動詞過去) + have V-pp EX: If you had told me about the truth, I could have helped you. EX: If I had had money last year, I would have studied abroad. EX: If Ivy had come to my party last night, she would have enjoyed herself. 翻譯: 1. 如果昨天沒下雨,我們就去爬山了 2. 如果去年我有假期,我就會去日本旅遊 3. 如果上個月你有來他的婚禮,你就會看到他的老婆了 , Please complete the sentences with appropriate verb forms. 1. I didn’t feel good yesterday. If I :feel: better, I :come: to class yesterday. 2. I don’t feel good today. If I :felt: better, I :take: a walk in the park today. 3. I have a cold today, but I will probably feel better tomorrow. If I :feel: better 3 GEPT Instructor: Joyce tomorrow, I:go: to class. come: , you :have: 4. I’m sorry that you didn’t come to the party. If you : a good time. 5. I didn’t know that Bob was sick. If I :know: that he was sick, I :tale: him some chicken soup. be, not: tired, I :help: you. 6. I am tired. If I : 7. Snow is predicted for tomorrow. If it :snow: tomorrow, I :stay: home. 8. I may have a dollar. Let me look in my wallet. If I :have: a dollar, I :lend: it to you. 9. I don’t have any money. If I :have: a dollar, I :lend: it to you. 10. I didn’t have a dollar yesterday. If I :have: a dollar yesterday, I :lend: it to you. 11. I didn’t know it was your birthday yesterday. I wish you :tell: me. I :get: you a present if I :know: it was your birthday yesterday. 12. Why didn’t you tell me when your plane was supposed to arrive? If you :tell: me, I :pick: you up at the airport. 4 GEPT Instructor: Joyce 被動語態:Passive Voice :一: 前言: , 將主動句 S + V + O 句型改為 O + V + S ,稱為被動句 , 基本上,只有及物動詞才能改被動:及物動詞後才有受詞:,不過,有些不及物動詞和介系 詞連用,作及物動詞時,也可改被動 句型: , S + V + O = O + V (be + V-pp) + by + S , 主動句的受詞變成被動的主詞 , 主動句的動詞變成be + V-pp , 主動句的主詞變成被動的受詞:之前要加上by: 主動與被動時態的比較:【兩種語態的時式必須一致】 ,現在式: 現在 現在式動詞【主動】 am/are/is + V-pp【被動】 EX: love (s) am/are/is loved EX: eat (s) am/are/is eaten EX: Jack loves me. = I am loved by Jack. EX: I eat an apple every day. = An apple is eaten by me every day. , 請將以下句子改成被動語態: 1. Everybody loves him very much. 2. Many people speak English today. 3. The postman delivers mail every day. 4. That bookstore sells many books every day. 5 GEPT Instructor: Joyce ,過去式: 過去 過去式動詞【主動】 was/were + V-pp【被動】 EX: loved was/were loved EX: ate was/were eaten EX: Jack made a kite. = A kite was made by Jack. EX: Jack made two kites. = Two kites were made by back. EX: I bought a book yesterday. = A book was bought by me yesterday. , 請將以下句子改成被動語態: 1. He put the book on the desk. 2. He bought a pen and a pencil. 3. She shut the door. 4. A well-known writer wrote this book. 5. The principal signed the letter. 6. Tom painted the picture. 6 GEPT Instructor: Joyce Yesterday, I read a newspaper report about a young man and his girlfriend who were riding a motorcycle in Taichung. A police officer was in front of them. 1._____, they were afraid because they weren't wearing helmets, and then the young man thought of a plan. He rode his motorcycle next to the police officer. " 2._____ is the police station near here?" he asked. The police officer told him 3.____the police station was, and asked him, "Why are you 4.____the police station?" He answered, "Because someone stole our helmets and we wanted to report it." 1. ( ) A. At first B. In fact C. So what D. So then 2. ( ) A. Where B. Hurry up C. Excuse me D. Hey you 3. ( ) A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. ( ) A. going B. waiting for C. looking for D. asking 7 GEPT Instructor: Joyce What a busy world we live in! We have school, work, family, and many 1. things to do and 2. every day. We are so tired 3. . This is because these days we are getting less sleep than we 4. . But is it always because we are working? Students often go to bed late after watching TV or playing computer games for many hours. We do need to relax and take a break, but it should help us to feel better after, not more tired. Years ago, people got up early and went to bed early. Now we get up early and go to bed late, sometimes very late. We need to do today what 5. oday, and leave the rest to tomorrow. 1. ( ) A. else B. other C. also D. another 2. ( ) A. take good care B. take after C. take care of D. looking after 3. ( ) A. all the time B. very time C. this time D. at the time 4. ( ) A. used to B. used for C. are used to D. ever before 5. ( ) A. need to be done B. need doing C. needs to do it D. needs to be done 8 GEPT Instructor: Joyce lf you had to choose the one man who was able to do the most as a human, that man would have to be Leonardo Da Vinci. Who was Leonardo Da Vinci? You may remember him as the one who painted "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper", two of the most famous paintings in the world. But he did much more than paint. At one time, he made war weapons, but he stopped that because he believed it was bad and a waste of time. He also studied birds and the wind and made a flying machine, which today is called a glider. He helped build cathedrals and studied the human body, making maps of how the body looks inside. The 'maps' were very important to medical science. Many believe Da Vinci is the founder of the science of engineering. Of course, many of his projects were never finished. Before he died in France at the age of sixty-seven, he realized that one man cannot understand everything, and no one has known as much as this man did, Leonardo Da Vinci. ( ) 1. What can be said about Leonardo Da Vinci? A. He was mostly a human. B. He was the one man who was a human. C. As a human, he did the most. D. He chose to be a human. ( ) 2. What is one thing Da Vinci is famous for? A. Building a jet airplane. B. Drawing maps of birds and the wind. C. He was a medical doctor. D. He painted two famous paintings. ( ) 3. Why did he not continue to make war weapons? A. He had no time to paint "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper" B. He wanted to study birds and the wind. C. He died in France. D. He thought it was not a good thing. ( ) 4.How did Da Vinci help medical science? A. He built the inside of human bodies. B. He studied the body and drew its insides. C. He built the first glider. D. He was the founder of the science of engineering. ( ) 5. What did Da Vinci realize at his death? A. He never finished all his work. B. There is too much in life to learn for one man. C. No one will know as much as he did. D. He was only 67 years old. 9 GEPT Instructor: Joyce Hamlet is the son of the late King Hamlet of Denmark who died two months earlier. The story begins when a ghost appears while men are standing guard at a castle. Later, the ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius, King Hamlet's brother, murdered the king by poisoning him and it wants Hamlet to take revenge. Hamlet is very angry and begins acting like a madman. He has people act out the death of his father, the king, in front of Claudius, hoping it will make Claudius feel bad and admit to killing the king, but it doesn't work. Instead, Claudius now realizes that Hamlet knows he killed his father, and Claudius tries many times to kill Hamlet, but Hamlet is too smart. In the end, Claudius arranges a sword fight between Hamlet and another man, Laertes. He poisons the end of Laertes' sword. Hamlet wins the sword fight, but Laertes cheats and scratches Hamlet with the end of his sword. Hamlet tricks Laertes and switches swords, cutting Laertes and poisoning him also. Laertes dies. Slowly, Hamlet also dies, wishing for a new and good king for Denmark, which happens. ( ) 1. Who is Hamlet? A. The King of Denmark. B. The late King Hamlet's son. C. Claudius' brother. D. A man standing guard at a castle. ( ) 2. What information does the ghost give Hamlet? A. He will be the new king of Denmark. B. The ghost is his late father, King of Denmark. C. Claudius will kill him. D. His father's brother killed his father. ( ) 3.What does Hamlet do to identify the killer? He A. puts on a play of his father's death. B. becomes a madman. C. has a sword fight. D. poisons Laertes. ( ) 4.How does Claudius try to kill Hamlet? A. By a poison sword. B. Many times C. By cheating and scratching Hamlet D. By being too smart ( ) 5.What does Hamlet want before he dies? A. To kill Laertes. B. To kill Claudius. C. A new good king for Denmark. D. To switch swords and poison Laertes. 10 GEPT Instructor: Joyce Jokes 1-14 Instructor: Joyce The story of the bats Two vampire bats wake up in the middle of the night, thirsty for blood. One says, "Let's fly out of the cave and get some blood." "We're new here," says the second one. "It's dark out, and we don't know where to look. We'd better wait until the other bats go with us." The first bat replies, "Who needs them? I can find some blood somewhere." He flies out of the cave. When he returns, he is covered with blood. The second bat says excitedly, "Where did you get the blood?" The first bat takes his buddy to the mouth of the cave. Pointing into the night, he asks, "See that black building over there?" "Yes," the other bat answers. "Well," says the first bat, "I didn't." 11 GEPT Instructor: Joyce 12