2019-2020年高考英语 阅读微技能训练 人物传记

2019-2020年英语阅读微技能训练人物传记I.任务传记类类文章的特点[Example1]WhenMaryMoorebeganherhighschoolin1951，hermothertoldher，“Besureandtakeatypingcoursesowhenthisshowbusinessthingdoesn’tworkout，you’llhavesomethingtorelyon.”Maryrespondedintypicalteenagefashion.Fromthatmomenton，“theverylastthingIeverthoughtaboutdoingwastakingatypingcourse，”sherecalls.Theshowbusinessthingworkedout，ofcourse.Inhercareer，Marywonmanyawards.Onlyrecently，whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain，didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idon’tknowhowtouseaputer，”sheadmits.Unlikeher1995autobiography，AfterAll，hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward​winningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes．AllthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfortheJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation(JDRF)，anorganizationsheservesasinternationalchairman.“Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis，”shesays.“Ididn’twanttolecture，butIwantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe’reself-​controlledanddoourpartinmanagingthedisease.”Butshehasn’talwayspracticedwhatsheteaches.Inherbook，shedescribesthatawfulday，almost40yearsago，whenshereceivedtwopiecesoflife​-changingnews.First，shehadlostthebabyshewascarryingandsecond，testsshowedthatshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeact，sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈)．Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup—again—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes，notletitcontrolher.Onlythendidshekickherthree-pack-​a​-daycigarettehabit，overeheraddictiontoalcohol，andbegintofollowabalanceddiet.Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor，sherefusestofallintoself​-pity.“Everybodyonearthcanask，‘whyme？’aboutsomethingorother，”sheinsists.“Itdoesn’tdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免疫的)toheartachepain，anddisappointments.Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.I’veetorealizetheimportanceofthatasI’vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”1.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?A.Shedidn’tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn’ttakecareofhermother.C.Shedidn’tpleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn’tfollowhermother’sadvice.2.Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary________.A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawardsC.knewhowtouseaputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting3.Mary’ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther________.A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusinessC.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother4.WhenMaryreceivedthelife-changingnews，she________.A.lostcontrolofherselfB.beganabalanceddietC.triedtogetatreatmentD.behavedinanadultwaySummary:人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。II.PracticeMostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.　　BorninSeptember,1897,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries'twodaughters.Alongwithniceotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.　　IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewenttohelphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilitiestohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX-rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.HerserviceswererecognisedintheformofaMilitaryMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.　　In1918,Irenebecamehermother'sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute,andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.　　Likehermother,Irenebinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother,IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize,alongwithherhusband,in1935.Unfortunately,alsolikehermother,shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity(辐射能).IreneJoliot-CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17,1956.1．WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?　　A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics.　　B.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded.　　C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic.　　D.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother.2．WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot?　　A.AttheCurieInstitute.　　　　B.AttheUniversityofParis.　　C.Atamilitaryhospital.　　D.AttheCollegeofSévigné.3．WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?　　A.In1932.　B.In1927.　C.In1897.　D.In1926.4．InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother?　　A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity.　　B.Irenebinedfamilyandcareer.　　C.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce.　　D.Irenediedfromleukemia.BManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile.ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,butonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFord's.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilepany.In1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthepany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid:“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodernengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.”TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.5．WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.Heinventedtheproductionline.6．WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewpany.7．“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto________.A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedpricesB.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeopleC.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctorD.thesalestargetfortheFordpany8．WhatwasHenryFord'sdreamaccordingtothetext?A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorepanies.CJacquelineBouvierKennedyOnassiswasoneofthemostprivatewomenintheworld,yetwhenshewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife,sherevealedherselfasshedidnowhereelse.Afterthedeathofhersecondhusband,Greekshippingmagnate(巨头)AristotleOnassis,Jacqueline'sclosefriendandformerWhiteHousesocialsecretaryLetitiaBaldrigemadeasuggestionthatsheconsideracareerinpublishing.Afterconsideration,Jacquelineacceptedit.Perhapsshehopedtofindtheresomeideasabouthowtoliveherownlife.Shebecamenotlessbutmoreinterestedinreading.Forthelast20yearsofherlife,Jacquelineworkedasapublisher'seditor，firstatViking,thenatDoubleday,pursuingalate-lifecareerlongerthanhertwomarriagesbined.Duringhertimeinpublishing,shewasresponsibleformanagingandeditingmorethan100successfullymarketedbooks.AmongthefirstbookswereIntheRussianStyleandInventiveParisClothes.ShealsosucceededinpersuadingTVhostsBillMoyersandJosephCampbelltotransformtheirpopulartelevisionconversationsintoabook,ThePowerofMyth.Thebookwentontobeeaninternationalbest-seller.Shedealt,too,withMichaelJacksonashepreparedhisautobiography，Moonwalk.Jacquelinemayhavebeenhiredforhernameandforhersocialrelations,butshesoonprovedherworth.Herchoices,suggestionsandwidespreadsocialrelationswereofbenefitbothtothepublishingfirmsandtoJacquelineherself.Inthebookssheselectedforpublication,shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleftarecordofthegrowthofhermind.Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.HerroleasFirstLady,intheend,wasovershadowedbyherperformanceasaneditor.However, fewknewthatshehadachievedsomuch.9．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJacqueline________.A．becamefondofreadingafterworkingasaneditorB．wasinchargeofpublishing100booksC．promotedherbooksthroughsocialrelationsD．gainedalotfromhercareerasaneditor10．Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.A．JacquelineendedupasaneditorratherthanasFirstLadyB．Jacqueline'slifeasFirstLadywasmorecolorfulthanasaneditorC．JacquelinewasmoresuccessfulasaneditorthanasFirstLadyD．Jacqueline'sroleasFirstLadywasmorebrilliantthanasaneditor11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Jacqueline'stwomarriageslastedmorethan20years.B．Jacqueline'sownpublishingfirmwassetupeventually.C．Jacqueline'sviewsandbeliefswerereflectedinthebookssheedited.D．Jacqueline'sachievementswerewidelyknown.12．Thepassageismainly________.A．anintroductionofJacqueline'slifebothasFirstLadyandasaneditorB．abriefdescriptionofJacqueline'slifelongexperiencesC．abriefaccountofJacqueline'scareerasaneditorinherlast20yearsD．ananalysisofJacqueline'ssocialrelationsinpublishingDArthurMiller(1915—xx)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria-Hungary,drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller'smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan'tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerpany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,xx,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.13．WhydidArthurMiller'sfathermovetotheUSA?A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B.Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream.”C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed14．TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinapanyC.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness15．WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B.HerunstheWagnerpany.C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.16．Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman________.A.achievedhugesuccessB.wonthefirstTonyAwardC.waswarmlyweledbysalesmenD.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists17．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D.ArthurMillerandhisbest-knownplay.EXAMPLE:【文章大意】本文主要介绍了玛丽·摩尔职业生涯及与病魔之争。1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpAgain,didsheregretignoringhermom.“Idon'tknowhowtouseaputer，”sheadmits.可判断选D。2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.”可判断选B。3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段“hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward​winningactressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes(糖尿病)．”可判断选A。4.A　细节理解题。根据第四段“Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts(甜甜圈).Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup—again—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.”可判断选A。5.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的MaryMoore所说的话“I'veetorealizetheimportanceofthatasI'vegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C。A与解析　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女儿艾琳·居里之所以获得军人奖章是因为她在抢救伤员方面做出了很多贡献。　　2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，艾琳·居里是在居里研究所遇到后来成为她丈夫的弗雷德里克·约里奥。　　3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，他们的第一个孩子出生于1927年，第二个孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。　　4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，艾琳·居里与自己的母亲有很多相似之处，唯一不同的就是，她只获得一次诺贝尔奖，而母亲获得过两次。B答案与解析1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter”．可知，A项符合题意。2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.”可知，B项符合题意。3．C　词义猜测题。由第四段画线单词前的一句“In1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthepany.”以及画线单词所在的一句可知，C项符合题意。4．A　推理判断题。根据第四段的ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid：“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople...makinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.”可知，A项符合题意。C答案与解析1．D　细节理解题。由短文第一段中的“...shewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife,sherevealedherselfasshedidnowhereelse”可推出她在自己的编辑事业中获益很大。故选D项。2. C　细节理解题。根据画线句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了这么多成就”可知，画线句的含义是：她作为第一夫人的角色最终在她作为编辑的出色表现前黯然失色。故选C项。3．C　推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句“Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.”即她编辑的书籍就是她从来没有写过的自传。由此可知，她的观点和信仰都反映在她所编辑的书籍中。故选C项。4．C　主旨大意题。由短文第一段中“...asaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife...”以及整篇文章的叙述可知，本文主要介绍Jacqueline生命中最后20年的编辑生涯。故选C项。D答案与解析1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria??Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’”可知，他父亲移居美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国制度是一个抨击，它表现了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。故此部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。3．C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.”可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。故选C项。4.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。因此A项正确。