名词性从句的讲解

名词性从句NounClause一、定义名词性从句的功能就是在句子中充当名词。名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause二、类型三、从句基本用法1、主语从句⑴定义：在句中做主语的句子叫做主语从句。⑵结构:①主从+v+其他②it(形式主语)+be+adj/n+从句③it+be+pp(said,reported,hoped....)+that从句④it+be+Vi（appear，seem，happen碰巧,matter要紧，有联系）+that从句2、宾语从句⑴定义：跟在及物动词或介词后面的句子。⑵结构：①......介词+从句②主+Vt+从句③主+Vt+间宾+从句④主+Vt（find，feel,consider,think,make）+it+adj/n+that从句⑤主+Vt（like,dislike,hate,appreciate,enjoy,love..）+it+从句⑥主+系+表语（worried,afriad..）3、表语从句⑴定义:跟在系动词(be,seem,appear)后面的句子。4、同位语从句⑴定义:放在某些抽象名词后面，对前面的进行解释说明fact,thought,idea,news,promise,hope,suggestion）⑵结构：①.....+n+从句②......n+.....+从句③n+V+从句四、使用名词性从句应该注意的问题1、名词性从句引导词：缺什么，补什么（根据后面的从句所缺的成分意义）2、名词性从句的引导词1）连接词：that（无成分，无意义）whether（无成分，有意义“是否”）都可用（结构：whether......or/whether......ornot）if(无成分，有意义“是否”)一般只引导宾语从句，it做形式主语2）连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever等（有成分有意义）3）连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however（做状语，有意义）3、that的省略问题⑴that在引导宾语从句可以省略⑵it做形式主语时，可以省that不能省略的情况:⑴and连接并列宾语从句,只能省第一个that，其余不省⑵介词后面.⑶主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.⑷宾语从句中含有主从复合句⑸如果宾语从句主语是that,this⑹形式宾语中的that4、insist,order,command,suggest(suggestion),advice,propose(proposal),request,require(requirement)这类词后的从句用虚拟语气“should+V原”5、doubt后面的从句肯定用whether，否定一般用that7、语序：陈述句语序8、主语从句的主谓一致问题①主句的谓语动词一般用单数whyhedidn'tcometothemeetingwasaquestion.②有两个连接词引导，表同一件事用单数，两件事用复数③what引导时，主句谓语动词与表语一致whatIwantisanewbikewahtmymotherboughtaresomebooks.9、定语从句与同位语从句的区别Objectclause(宾语从句)1)老师教导我们要志向崇高。Theteachertaughtusthatweshouldaimhigh.2)你是否能成功将取决于你做什么和怎么做。Yoursuccesswilldependonwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.3)他是否能来帮助我们，我感到怀疑。Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcometoourhelp.4)Whetherhewillacceptyouroffer,Idon’tknow.(不用if)1.Thefactis_____shedoesn’tlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_____Idon’thaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_______hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas________hecouldgetthemoney.thatthatwhetherwhether/where/howPredicativeclause(表语从)句5.Heisabsenttoday.It’s________heisseriouslyill.6.Itlooks________it’sgoingtorainagain.becauseasifSubjectclause(主语从句)1.人生最重要的并非金钱。Whatisthemostimportantinlifeisn’tmoney.2.凡是想看这部电影的人可免费得到一张票。Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetafreeticket.3.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.---Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.4.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.----Itisapitythat…that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.Appositiveclause(同位语从句):后面跟同位语从句的名词有:fact,news,ideathought,question,remark等.1.Theidea______computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility______themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea______hehasgone.4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion_______theycouldsucceedinthecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth______didthatforus.thatthatwherehowwho四、注意点一:同位语从句与定语从句的区别that的用法(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连接词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的.2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）二:what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别what引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。that1）只起连接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。1)_______yousaidyesterdayisright.(=Allthatyou…)2)______sheisstillaliveisapuzzle.WhatThat注意点三:用whether不用if1)连接词紧挨着ornot时,用whether.Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcome.2)主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句若需表达“是否”，只能用连词whether，不能用if。3)介词宾语从句只能用whether，不用if。4)whethertodo…Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogo.5)discuss+whether从句四:that的省略问题Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn’tunderstand.Hesaid(that)hecouldn’ttellyourightawayandyouwouldn’tunderstand.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,ourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoat.3.除了他来自南方之外,我们对他一无所知.Weknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.4.他病倒了使我们很担心.Thathehadfallenillmadeusworried.连接词that不能省略的情况:1)and连接两个宾语从句,that引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词but/except的宾语时.3)that引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及that引导的从句放在句首时.4)主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.Thankyou