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非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

一、复习各种时态的被动语态

★ 被动语态的根本结构: be+ done

    〔以 the book , publish 为例〕

     一般现在/过去时：

     The book is/ was published.

     一般/过去将来时:

     The book will/would be published.

     The book is/was going to be published.

     现在/过去进行时：

     The book is/was being published.

     现在/过去完成时:

     The book has/had been published.

    情态动词：    

    The book can/could/may/might…be published.

二、不定式的被动式的根底知识：

语态   时态	主动语态	被动语态
一般式	to do	to be done
完成式	to have   done	to have  been done
进行式	to be doing	没有被动语态
完成进行式	to have  been doing	没有被动语态

      1〕一般式：〔not/never 〕to be done 

      2〕完成式：〔not/ never〕 to have been done 〔表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前〕

三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:

They say that Mike is sick in bed.

=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.

=Mike is said to be sick in bed.

据说麦克卧床不起.

People believe that he was killed.

=It is believed that he was killed.

=He is believed to have been killed.

大家相信他被杀了.

四、 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).

语法功能：

1．作主语：

  It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

2．作宾语：

  She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

3．构成复合宾语：

  He wanted the letter to be typed at once.

  She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.

4．构成复合谓语：

  The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.

5．作定语：

    Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?

6．作状语：

      She was too young to be assigned such work.

五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done〔表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作〕，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：

It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.〔主语〕

She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)〕

He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. 〔复合宾语〕

The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 〔复合谓语〕

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 〔定语〕

六、不定式的主动形式表示被动

1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式)

例如： There is a lot of work to do / to be done.

       There is no time to lose /to be lost.

译：   没有什么可担忧的。

________________________________

There is nothing to worry about.

注意以下两点：

(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时

There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)

There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.

(the book与publish是动宾关系，用被动to be published)

(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比拟：

There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)

There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)

There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)

There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)

2． 在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do〞句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important