【尚择优文】状语从句(9种全)

状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有:when,as,while,after,before,since,eversince,assoonas,once,till,until,whenever,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely...when,themoment/minute/instant/second,everytime,eachtime,anytime,thefirsttime,nexttime,lasttime,allthetime,bythetime,directly,immediately,instantly等。1.示“一···就···”的句型1)assoonas/onceAssoonashearrives,I'llcallyou.他一到，我就给你打电话。（assoonas侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”）2)ondoingsth/onone's+n.作时间状语Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognizedasanobleandthrownintoprison.他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。3)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when它们表“一…就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.我一进屋，电话就响了。注意当nosooner,hardly,scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如：Ihadnosoonerreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.我刚到车站，车就开走了。Ihadscarcely（hardly）enteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4）themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecondThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.我一看见他，就认出了他。We'llleavetheminuteyouareready.你一准备好，我们就出发。5)有些副词如：instantly,immediately,directly可用作连词，后接从句。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.我刚走，钟就敲了五点。2.when,while,as引导时间状语从句1)when的用法①when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。IwasthinwhenIwasachild.当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。ItwasrainingwhenIarrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。②在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如：When(youare)introuble,youcanvisitthisman.当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。Sheisalwayslisteningtomusicwhen（sheis)doingherhomework.当她做作业时，总是听音乐。③when在下列结构中,译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句beabouttodo...when,bedoing...when,haddone···when,beonone'sway...when,beonthepointofdoing...when（参见“连词”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于duringthetimethat....MymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。IamsafewhileIamhere.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。注意while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。IlikewatchingTV,whilehelikesreading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读。Whilehehashisowncar,heoftenusesmine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。3)as的用法①as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。②as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。③as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。④用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。⑤as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。3.before引导的时间状语从句①before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。②在“Itbe+时间段+before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“…（之后）才”，否定句译成“…就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态，且有否定句。Itwillbesometimebefore...do...Itwassometimebefore...did...Itwouldbesometimebefore...did...Itwaslongbefore...did...“很久才···”Itwasn'tlongbefore...did...“不久就...”Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethechemicalsstarttoescapefromthecontainers.多年以后化学物质才开始从容器中逃逸。Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.不久他就回来了。Itwasalongtimebeforehegottosleepagain.很久他才再次入睡。Itwasaweekbeforehecouldtellhisstory.一个星期后他才能讲述他的经历。Itwasn'tlongbeforehetoldusabouthimself.不久他就给我们讲述了他自己的故事。▲before可译成“未来得及”HehadmeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetaword.我还未来得及插话，他就量好了尺寸。▲before可译成“趁着还没”I'llwriteitdownbeforeIforget.趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。4.until和till1)“延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到…为止，”译为“直到…为止”，如：Iwaitedforhimuntilhecameback.我一直等到他回来。2)“终止性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到···才”。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.直到完成工作他才睡觉。3)用于强调句式“Itisnotuntil...that...”Itwasnotuntiltheprofessorcamethatwebegantheexperiment.在教授到来之后，我们才开始实验。4)notuntil放在句首时，主句倒装。Notuntilhegraduateddidhesucceedinobtainingthiscompound.直到他毕业他才成功获得这种化合物。注意句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not...until...句型中不用till。5.since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从…时起”，主句要用完成时。Mr.Lihasbeenheresincehecameback.自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。Ihaven'theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.自从他住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。I'veknownMr.SmithsinceIwasaboy.我小的时候就认识史密斯先生了。6.时间状语从句的省略式当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或为it，从句又含be动词时，从句可省略主语和be动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。如：Once(itis)seen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘记。二、地点状语从句1.地点状语从句主要由where,whereveranywhere,everywhere引导。Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。Iwillfollowyouwhereveryougo.无论你到何处我都要跟随你。2.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.（where引导地点状语从句）Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since,now(that)（既然）,inthat（因为，多于口语中）,seeing(that)（鉴于，由于）,consideringthat（考虑到）等引导。1.because用来回答why提出的问，表直接的因果关系，用于告知对方不知道的原因，语气最强，可用于强调句。Hedidn'tattendthemeetingbecausehewasill.他没参加会议，因为他病了。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tgowithus.因为他有病，他没有和我们一起去。注意because和becauseof的区别：because是连词，引导从句，becauseof是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如：Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseitrained.Thefootballmatchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.因为下雨，足球赛延期了。2.since,as,nowthat引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。①since的语气比because稍弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放在主句之前）如：Sinceyouhaveknownthesecret,Ineedn'tsayanythingaboutit.既然你已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。②as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因或倒果为因的说法（可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：Ashedidn'tknowmuchEnglish,hegotouthisdictionaryandlookeduptheword“cough”.他对懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough”这个词。Asthegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.（倒果为因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是湿的。③nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。nowthat放句首时that可省略：Now(that)everybodyishere,let'sbegin.3.for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，它引出的分句必须放在另一分句后。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.4.原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。Ashewasblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.Beingblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.四、条件状语从句1．由if,unless（if...not）,so/aslongas,supposing(that)（假设）,incase（万一…,以防…）,so/asfaras（就...而言）,onconditionthat（条件是...）,provided/providing(that)（假若）引导。Tellmeaboutitifyouhavetime.Iwon'tgounlessI'minvited.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Youmayusetheroomas/solongasyoucleanitupafterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句。Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Hurryuporelse(otherwise)you’llbelate.3.ifonly也可以引导条件状语从句,只不过较少使用而已。onlyif也引导条件状语从句，意思是“只有在...条件下”If(only)itclearsup,Iwillgo.4.条件状语从句中一般要用一般现在时态表将来。Iwillgoifyougo.5.条件状语从句中的省略问题1)从句主语为it,又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中主语和be动词。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.还有诸如ifnecessary“如果有必要”，ifany“如果有”，ifinneed“若需要”。2）如果if从句的主语和主句的主语一致，谓语动词又有be,可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。If(wateris)heated,watersendsoutsteam.6.条件句中的虚拟与倒装①if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。（详见虚拟语气部分）②省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were,had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。HadIarrivedthereearlier,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Wereitnotforhim,Iwouldnothavethechancetogohome.Shouldhebeheretomorrow,Iwouldgivehimahand.五、目的状语从句由sothat（以便），inorderthat（为了），forfearthat（=incase）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveatthestationingoodtime.I'llspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanunderstand.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）hewouldforget.★当从句与主句主语一致时，可用todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构换用。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.六、结果状语从句1.常用的连词有sothat，so...that,such...that,that（带古英语痕迹）。（结果状语从句中一般无情态动词）Hehadoversleptsothathewaslateforwork.MypenfellundermydeskthatIcouldn'tseeit.2.so/such...that所用句式①so+adj（adv)+that从句TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.②so+adj+a/an+单名+that从句＝sucha/an+adj.+单名+that从句Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.=Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.③somany/few+复名+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句Therearesomanyapplesonthedeskthatweeachhaveone.Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucan'tdrink.④such+a/an+adj+单名+that从句Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.⑤such+adj+复名/不可数名+that从句Itwassuchbadweatherthatweallstayedhome.Hehassuchinterestingbooksthathekeepsreadingallday.注意little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。Heissuchalittleboythathispatentsoftenteachhimsomething.七、方式状语从句由as,asif(asthough)引导。Doasyoulike.Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.注意asif,asthough从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。八、比较状语从句①常用连词than,as...as...,notas/so...asHeranasfarashecould.I'mnotas/sotallashe/him.ShestudiesharderthanI（study）．②themore...themore...引导,且经常以省略形式出现Theharderyoutry,thebetteryouwillunderstand.九、让步状语从句由though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-,wh-ever词，whether...or（不管...都），when,while等引导。1.though,although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。AlthoughtheTVsetisverydear,Istillwanttobuyit.Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.2.as引导让步状语时，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为:①形容词/副词/名词+as+主+谓②动词+as+主+情态动词Childasheis,heknowsalot.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Greatascientistasheis,heremainsmodest.TryasImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.注意在这种倒装结构中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.3.evenif（尽管；即使）,eventhough（尽管）这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用evenif。We'llmaketripevenif(though)theweatherisbad.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.（虚拟）4.“whether...or...”可引导让步状语从句Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5.“nomatter+wh-”引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相当于“nomatter+疑问词”，此时：nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howeverNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.It'saniceroomnomatterwhom(whoever)itbelongsto.6.“nomatter+wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时：whoever=anyonewho任何…的人…whatever=anythingthat任何…的事（物）whenever=anyplacewhere任何…的地方Iwillgivethebooktowhoeverneedsit.Ilikewhateveryoulike.7.when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后①虽然···却···，尽管···但···Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.②本（应...，可以...）却...。when从句用虚拟式为：could/should...havedoneShestoppedtryingwhenshemightsucceednexttime.8.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可到装，while从句不可倒装。9.让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。Nomatterwhatheis,hewillbepunished.十、状语从句的省略现象当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it,同时从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。①时间状语从句中：Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.While(Iwas)inBeijing,Ilivedwithmyuncle.Iwanttogoswimmingwhen(itis)possible.②条件状语从句中：Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.If(itis)so,youwouldbepunished.Unless(itis)repaired,theTVsetisofnouse.③方式状语从句中：Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.④其他状语从句中：Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.Fillintheblankswithproperwordswhere(itis)necessary.练习一、用适当的连词填空：1.Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina__________hewasfifty.2.Hebegantowork__________hegotthere.3.Let'sbeginourmeeting__________everyoneishere.4.IliketheEnglishpeople,__________Idon'tliketheirfood.5.__________yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.6.Hedidn'tcometothelecture,__________hewasverybusy.7.__________wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.8.Theywillhelpyou__________youmeetwithdifficulty.9._________wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididn'tjointhemyesterdayevening__________Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.11.Wewouldtrytogetacar__________wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.12.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday__________sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.13.We'redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou___________wecan.14.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly__________thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.15.Hewasangrier__________everbefore.16.__________youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.17.Theboywassotired__________hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_________hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.二、选择填空1.______you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When2.Heleftin______ahurry______heforgothiskey.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.thesame,asD.such,as3.Hehaslovedme______Iwerehisson.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.asthough4.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome______.A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime5.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswer.A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until6.Wemustdoitwell,______therearealotofdifficulties.A.asifB.asthoughC.eventhoughD.evenas7.______hastakenpartintheAthensOlympicGamesisworthpraisingnomatter______hehaswonmedalsornot.A.Who;ifB.Anyone;whetherC.Whoever;whetherD.Whoever;how8.---It’salongtime______Isawyoulast.---Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime______weseeeachotheragain.A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before9.Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissort______hereturnedtohisoffice.A.untilB.whileC.bythetimeD.themoment10.Hehadalreadywalkedthreeorfourmiles______hesawacartbythesideoftheroad.A.whileB.whenC.themomentD.unless11.Much______theyoungcoupleneededmoneytomakethedownpaymentfortheapartment,theywouldn’tasktheirparentsforhelp.A.although　　B.as　　　C.evenif　　D.while12.Ihavekeptthephoto______Icanalwaysseeit,asitremindsmeofthedayswhenIstudiedinBritain.A.atwhichB.whenC.whereD.attheplace13.Iwouldappreciateit______youcanhelpmewithmyEnglishthisafternoon.A.becauseB.untilC.whenD.if14.______youmayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.A.AsB.WhileC.IfD.Since15.______was1998______Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.It;whenB.It;thatC.That;whenD.That;that16.Thefamousscientistgrewup______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever17.“ItgivesmegreatjoyandIfeelmorepressurethanIdid______IwoninChina,”DingJunhuisaid.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.how18.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses______eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.A.becauseB.throughC.unlessD.if19.Johnshuteveryoneoutofthekitchen_____hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif20.______everybodyknowsaboutit,Idon’twanttotalkanymore.A.ForB.EvenC.SinceD.However三、将下列各句括号内的中文译成英文1.Whenhegotthemoney,________________(他想怎么花就怎么花)。2.Iwillgo________________(你去的任何地方)。3.________________(天一黑)，thelightsofthetowngoon.4.Thethiefwascaught________________(当他正要离开银行)。5.________________(由于我的秘书不在),Ihadagreatmanyletterstoanswer.6.Itwas________________(因为汽车太小)thathesoldit.7.Isenthimtheproposalslastweek________________(为了使他有时间考虑).8.________________(尽管他很用功),henevergetsgoodmarks.9.Youwon’tshootthetarget________________(除非你瞄准).10.________________(不管她读了多少遍课文),shecouldn’treaditfluently.一、1.when;2.assoonas;3.as;4.though;5.Wherever;6.because;7.Since;8.whenever;9.Since;10.because;11.sothat;12.though;13.as;14.that;15.than;16.Evenif;17.that;18.as二、AADBCCCCDBBCDBACBACC三、1.hespentitasheliked2.whereveryougo3.Assoonasitisdark4.ashewasleavingthebank5.Asmysecretarywasaway6.onlybecausethecarwastoosmall7.sothathemighthavetimetoconsiderthem8.Hardasheworks9.unlessyoutakeaim10.NomatterhowmanytimesshehadreadthetextPAGE3