从众的力量 英文版

THEPOWEROFCONFORMITYAsch,S.E(1995).Opinionsandsocialpressure.ScientificAmerican,193(5),31-35PhenomenaofConformityContentsIntroductionTheoreticalPropositionDiscussionandRelatedResearchClicktoaddtitleinhere4143ResultsCriticismRecentApplicationsMethod726531Introductionconformistenough&rebelenoughRelatedConcepts:conformity：anindividual’sbehaviorthatadherestothebehaviorpatternsofaparticulargroupofwhichthatindividualisamember.socialnorms：theusuallyunspokenrulesorguidelinesforbehaviorinagroup.SolomonAsch2TheoreticalPropositionwhoispoliticalcandicate?AorBAAAABTheothersturntoyouandaskforyouropinion.Whatareyougoingtodo?vagueconceptsattitudebeliefsystemsmoralsethicsperceptualcomformityAschwantedtofindoutjusthowpowerfultheneedtoconformisininfluencingourbehavior.Therefore,Aschsetabouttestingtomanipulateaperson΄sbehaviorbyapplyinggrouppressuretoconform.3Method4ResultsAbout75%：alongwiththegroup'sconsensusatleastonceAbout1/3ofthetime：alltrialscombined98%ofthetime：individually5DiscussionandRelatedResearchesInfluence(a)thepowerofthesocialpressuretoconformwasdemonstratedclearlyandscientificallyforthefirsttime.(b)additionalstudies:elaboratingourknowledgeofspecificfactorsthatconformityaffectsourbehavior.6CriticismsThemoremeaningfulreal-lifemattersofconformityare,theproportionatelystrongerthepressuresforconformityfromgroupsare.thesubject'sanswerinlaboratoryconformingbehaviorinrealworldgeneralityunimportanttriflesimportantmattersConformitypressuresmightbeavaluabletoolinfightingthecontinuingspreadofHIV.Theresearchersassessednearly400studentsbetweentheageof18and19onvariousmeasuresoftheirHIV/AIDSknowledgeriskbehaviors.Conformitytopeergrouppressure.7RecentApplicationsWhyaremenlesslikelythanwomentoseekhelp,evenwhentheyareindireneedit?Theauthorssuggestthatoneoftheprimaryforcepreventingmenfromseekinghelpisconformity.Feeling:Stigmatized.Toresistseekingmedicalmentalhealthcare.Cultureappearstoplayanespeciallyimportantroleinconformity.Conformityofphenomenonincollectivistcountriesishigherthaninindividualisticcountries.Psychologicalresearchmustneveroverlooktheimpactofcultureonallhumanbehaviors.