2021年大学英语四级真题部分阅读答案及解析

6月大学英语四级真题Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings，wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech，solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes，anditwouldbe47.G）incrediblywastefultotearthemalldownand48.K）replacethemwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49.J）reducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50.L）sense，thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime，nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating，coolingand51.H）poweringourhomes，officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe，thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52.D）exceptions，theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter，mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53.E）expandovertimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately，therearea54.O）vastnumberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes，from55.F）historiconeslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth；theycanhelp56.I）protectpropertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.注意：此某些试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vast6月大学英语四级真题Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth，scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople47N）tendtosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger，thishasa(n)48L）negativeeffectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore，accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond，a.psychiatrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia，SanDiego，saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep，whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping49H）efficientlystraightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage，however，is50B）associatedwithbetterhealth，andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore51A）alertiftheysleptforlongerperiods，hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto52J）functionwelldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It's53F）definitelyamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis，themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54O）younger.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom55E）continuingtogetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's56G）differentfrompersontoperson，buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”注意：此某些试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL)negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)younger47.tendto固定搭配；达“倾向于；”符合句意；48.空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一种形容词；题目给出形容词有negative，sufficient，younger；依照先后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表达“少睡眠时间对大脑活动有负面影响。”49.依照推测，该处应当填入一种副词，题目给出副词有efficiently，definitely，formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉时候更容易被打断，而背面用while提出一种对比概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率）最为精确。50.beassociatedwith固定搭配；表达“与…联系在一起”；本句话表达“更多睡眠普通都与健康度联系在一起”；51.先看整句话含义，“如果她们能睡更长时间，她们感觉应当会更好以及…”那么，该处应当填入一种褒义词，选取alert比较恰当，表达“更加警觉，机灵”；52.依照判断，此处应当填入一种动词，剩余动词有cling，function；整句话意思是“当咱们上了年龄时候，咱们一觉睡到天亮能力下降了，但是，咱们需要…睡眠量并没有变化；”空格后单词是well，cling在这里并不适当，普通与to连用；选用function最为适合；53.作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一种myth，那么显而易见最后一段中浮现myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；54.空格前面是whentheywere…，“当她们年轻时候”；应填入younger；55.本句意思是“咱们数据显示老年人将从…获益；”空格背面是“得到和她们在三十多岁时候能得到睡眠同样多”；依照上下文意思，该处应填入“continuing”；56.differentfrom固定搭配；表达“和…不同”；12月大学英语四级真题Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold，intelligent，orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.M)raised.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48.L)psychologicalactivityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49.E)contributionstothebiologicalrevolution，providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind，brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50.A)abilitiestoperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51.B)achievebasedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol，suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex，raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced，how52.N)smarttheyare，orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53.I)extenttowhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育)，bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly，science54.J)indicatesthatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective，peopleareborn55.G)essentiallylikeundevelopedphotographs：Theimageisalreadycaptured，butthewayit56.H)eventuallyappearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However，thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此某些试题请在答题卡2上作答。[A]abilities[I]extent[B]achieve[J]indicates[C]appeal[K]proceeds[D]complaints[L]psychological[E]contributions[M]raised[F]displayed[N]smart[G]essentially[O]standard[H]eventually　　47.raise在这里意思是“养育”，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised意思是“你成长环境”。　　48."psychologicalactivity"意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何互相作用影响人心理活动学科被称为行为遗传学”。　　49.“makecontributionsto”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。　　50.“abilityto…”意思是“做某事能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为能力是基于生物学研究都是有争议”。　　51."limitationstowhatyoucanachieve"意思是“对你所能达到水平限制”。　　52.此处需填一种形容词，并且用来形容人，依照题意，smart符合题意，表达“机灵，可爱”。　　53.此处填extent，重要是由于背面有to，“totheextent…”译为“……限度”。　　54.indicate意思是“表白，显示”。全句意为“越来越多科学(现象)表白基因对人类诸多特性有基本作用”。　　55.essentially意思是“事实上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来照片：相已经照了，但是最后会呈现多少就在于显影过程了”。　　56.eventually副词，意思是“最后，最后”。12月大学英语四级真题PassageOneBoys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart，danceandmusic，accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhichstudentseithersinkorswim，theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype，theUSstudysays.Boysatsinglesexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness，ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle，headmasterofEton，warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle，lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom，wrotethestudy'sauthor，AbigailJames，oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecifically"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision，learnbestthroughtouch，andarephysicallymoreactive，theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschools，boysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyreported.57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould_____________________.Aforceboystohidetheiremotionstobe“realman”BhelptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboysCencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreelyDnaturallyreinforceinboysthattraditionalimageofaman58.Itiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolsboys____________________.AperformrelativelybetterBgrowupmorehealthilyCbehavemoreresponsiblyDreceiveabettereducation59.WhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?AItfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademicallyBItfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducationCItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneedDItplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls60.AccordingtoAbigailJames，oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis______________.AteachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboysBboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistractedCboyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedinDteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys’teamspirit61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames’report?ATheyenjoybeinginchargeBTheyconformtostereotypesCTheyhavesharpervisionDTheyareviolentandsexistSectionBPassageOne57，Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsfreely58，Aperformrelativelybetter59，CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed60，Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys61，CTheyhavesharpervision【解析】这篇文章针对老式男女生一起上学，一起接受教诲提出了质疑。作者从文章一开头就表白了自己看法：对于男生而言，单性教诲，即男生们一起上学会对男生身心发展更为有利。文中浮现一种短语，receivedwisdom，即是“人们普遍看法，公认看法”。也是作者所批判一种观点。老式观点以为，男生和女生混合教诲会对男生发展更有利。但是作者以为单性教诲对男生有如下几种好处：可以让男生们更自由地表达自己情感，可以学习自己感兴趣艺术，舞蹈，音乐等学科。不用去遵守人们在老式印象中对男生期盼。并且单性教诲可以针对男生身心发展特点而制定学习筹划。并且作者觉得，当前英国教诲把女生当做关注重点，忽视了对男生注重。12月大学英语四级真题PassageTwoIt'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo，ortherooffalloff，andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isaythatyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees，weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbalaggression，tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved，andmademen，morethanwomen，extremelyangry.KimStephenson，anoccupationalpsychologist，believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes，whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,"heexplains."Theywillsayit'stosave，tospend，forsecurity，forfreedom，toshowsomeoneyoulovethem"Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething."Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeirfinances，buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythantalkingaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing，whoispayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney，butyouhavetotalkaboutit."62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?APeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecessionBFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghardCItmakesallthehardworkworthwhileDItisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes63.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown…tobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Line1Para.2)？AMoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevilsBSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoneyCFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoneyDDisputesovermoneymayruinarelationship64.TheYouGovpollofpeopleindicatesthatinarecession_________________.AconflictsbetweencouplestendtoriseBitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitupCcouplesshowmoreconcernforeachotherDdivorceandseparationratesincrease65.WhatdoesKimStephensonbelieve?AMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson’sstatusBMoneymeansagreatdealtobothmenandwomenCMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthingsDMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways66.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould________________AputtheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparatelyBmakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgetsCdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationshipDavoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromanticPassageTwo62.C.Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.63.D.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.64.A.conflictsbetweencouplestendtorise65.D.menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.66.C.discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship.【解析】这是一篇关于金钱对夫妻关系影响文章。文中第一段重要通过度假这件事来体现不同人对待金钱不同态度。作者以为人只能活一次，如果不能去度假话，那么工作再努力也没故意义。第二段重要谈到了大萧条时期，不太良好经济状况经常会影响夫妻关系，也许会导致争执，甚至会导致离婚或者分居成本增长，对夫妻感情导致伤害。第三段讲了KimStephenson，一种心理学家观点，即男人和女人对待金钱态度是不同样，男人把金钱看作是得到社会地位途径，看作向父母呈现自己成功一种方式。第四段，作者建议夫妻可以对金钱持有不同观点，但是不可以对它采用回避态度，避而不谈。相对来说，这篇文章难度比较大。文章看懂并不难，但是题目中，推理题和大意题比较多，需要在充分理解作者意图，理解文章主旨基本上，才干选出对的。6月大学英语四级真题PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear，accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum，anorganizationledbyAnnan，theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport，tobereleasedFriday，analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth，disaster，populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease，thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk，whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths，thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople，primarilyinpoorcountries，werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.，apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado，Boulder，whostudiesdisastertrends，saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport，hesaid，"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵)."However，SorenAndreasen，asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport，defendedit，sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders，whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport，Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries，accordingtothereport.62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C)Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B)Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C)ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PassageTwo本篇文章重要是环绕一份来自GlobalHumanitarianForum展开，在解题之前，通过对5个题干浏览，以及在原文中定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题。每一种题干中均有大写字母，这些首字母大写单词既是核心词，也是定位词，可以有效地协助咱们到原文中准拟定位，节约答题时间。62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?答案：B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.核心词：GlobalHumanitarianForum定位：第一段、第二段解析：普通而言，四级阅读题目大体遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律。在文章第一段，第一行，咱们看到“…300,000deathsandabout$125billion…”,依照这里，咱们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B(Ratesofdeath)，然后咱们接着往下看，可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病话题，如第二段第三行“…deathratesfromillnesses…”。因此，最后对的选项是B。63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?答案：A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts核心词：learn、Forum'sreport定位：第三段解析：依照顺序原则，咱们在接下来第三段里就找到了63题答案。第三段第一行就讲到“thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk”，这和A选项是完全相一致，challenged是criticism同义替代。B选项中“interest”表达“兴趣”，重要用于好事物，这里讲都是对theForum'srepor批评，显然就不适当了。C选项表达意思跟原文正好相反，这个是必定要排除。然后，有同窗也许会选到D选项，也许是受到文中第四段“…primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyeffected…”这句话影响。但是D选项中“abigstir”“一阵巨大骚乱”文中是完全没有提到。64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?答案：B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.核心词：Dr.Pielke、say定位：第五段解析：在第五段，咱们可以不久找到Pielke，然后找到她说话，第二行“theForum'sreportwas‘amethodologicalembarrassment'”,然后在第六行“butthereport，hesaid‘willharmthe…itissodeeplyflawed'”。依照这两句话，选项中invalid是flawed同义替代，咱们可以很容易地选到B。65.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?答案：D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.核心词：SorenAndreasen定位：第六段解析：在第六段第二行和第三行，可以看到“thenumberwereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders…”,依照这两句话，咱们就能较轻松地将对的答案锁定在D选项。66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?答案：D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.核心词：KofiAnnan、focusoftheCopenhagenconference定位：第七段（即文中最后一段）解析：最后一段是KofiAnnan说一段话。咱们在最后一段第二行，focuson背面“…fromrichtopoorregionstohelpreduce…”背面内容就无需再花时间去看了，由于她focus（关注）地方，在此就已经陈述清晰了，对的答案就是D。