2020届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题

山西省大同市2020届高三第一次联合考试（市直）英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALastyearmarkedthe100thanniversaryoftheendofWorldWarI.Therewereeventsaroundtheworldinmemoryofthosewhodiedintheconflict.WehavepickedoutthreeoftheminEuropeancountries.Let'stakealook.BelgiumInapark,thefamousBelgianartistKoenVanmechelenhadanexhibitioncalledComingWorld,RememberMe.Theworkconsistedof600,000individual(个别的)claysculptures,oneforeachpersonkilledduringtheWorldWar.Inthecenteroftheexhibitionwasabigeggmadeofclay,symbolizinganewworld.UKInasmalltowncalledAldridge,almost100housesinonestreetwerecoveredwith24,000poppiesandstatuesofsoldiers.Theystoodforthemenfromtheareawhohadbeenkilledinthewar.TheflowerswerechosenbecauseofapoemwrittenbytheCanadiandoctorJohnMcCreain1915.Theymadepeoplethinkoffieldsofblood.FranceTheBritishartistGuyDenningarrivedinLaFeuille,asmalltowninthenorthwestofFrance,tosticklife-sizedrawingsofsoldierswhonevercamebackhome.Armedwithglueandabrush,Denningstuckhisdrawingscarefullyonwalls.Beforelong112men,mainlyyoungadults,werebroughtbacktomind,ifnottolife.1.WhatdoweknowaboutComingWorld,RememberMe?A.It'sthenameofanexhibition. B.It'safilmaboutWorldWarI.C.It'saworkstandingforpeace. D.It'sasculpturemadeofclay.2.Whywerepoppieschosentosymbolizethedeadsoldiers?A.TheBritishpeoplepreferredthem. B.Theyshowedthecrueltyofwar.C.ACanadiandoctorsuggestedthem. D.Thefieldswerefilledwiththem.3.HowwastheendofWorldWarImarkedinFrance?A.Amemorialtothedeadsoldierswasbuilt.B.112woundedsoldiersinthewarwerehelped.C.Drawingsofsomedeadsoldierswereputup.D.Youngadultswereencouragedtojointhearmy.BAlongsideairandwater,foodisanecessityforhumanbeingstosurviveandthrive.Butit’salotmorethanthat.AsMarietteDichristinaofScientificAmericanwrote:“Themostintimate(亲密的)relationshipwewilleverhaveisnotwithanyfellowhumanbeing.Instead,itisbetweenourbodiesandourfood.”Nowadays,formostpeopleintheworld’swealthiestcountries,foodisahobby,anenthusiasm,andevensomethingfashionable.TurnontheTVintheUSUKorFrance,andyou’llfindatleastonechannelfeedingthispopularobsession.Andmostofusknowatleastonepersonwhothinksofthemselvesasa“foodie”.It’salmostimpossiblenowadaystocheckoursocialmediaappswithoutatleasttwoorthreephotosofdeliciousmealsappearingonourscreen.Butbehindthefancyrecipesandsocialmediabragging(夸耀),manyofusforgethowmuchwetakefoodforgranted.ThisiswhyWorldFoodDayisheldeachyear.TakeKenyaforexample.ThiseastAfricannationhasbeensufferingterribledroughts.Theresultisthatpeoplearebeginningtostarve.Childreninparticulararesuffering,withsomeofthemevendying.Thismayseemshockingtoknow,especiallyasmanyculturesoutsideofAfricathinkoffoodinacompletelydifferentway.ButevenintheUK,familiesonlowincomesareforcedtousefoodbanks—Europeanorganizationsthathandoutdonatedfoodtothosewhocan’taffordtopayforitthemselves.SowhatcanwedoonWorldFoodDay?Onegoodwaytospenditwouldbetofeelhumbleandappreciatewhatwehave.Afterall,foodisessentialforsurvival,butnoteveryoneisasluckyaswearewhenitcomestodinnertime.4.AccordingtoMarietteDichristinawhathastheclosestrelationshipwithus?A.Air. B.Water.C.Food. D.Humanbeings.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“foodie”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Deliciousfood. B.Apersonfondoffood.C.Asocialmediaapp. D.Aphotoofdeliciousmeals.6.Whocangethelpfromfoodbanks?A.PoorpeopleintheUK. B.PoorpeopleinAfrica.C.StarvingchildreninKenya. D.Peopleinthedrought-stricken.7.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TreatFoodasaHobby B.TimetoAppreciateFoodC.FoodShortageinSomeCountries D.HowtoSpendWorldFoodDayCTraditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial.ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot-onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章鱼).DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch，rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots”thestudy’sauthorswrote.Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrains(地形)orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’retakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearch-rescueoperationsandexploration,”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’CenterforMicro-BioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandqualityoflife.”8.What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”？A.It’ssoft. B.It’smadeofmetal.C.It’sverysmall. D.Itlookslikeanoctopus.9.What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?A.They’rehardtocontrol. B.They’retooheavytomove.C.Theycan’tpredictconditions. D.Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime.10.OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s________.A.siliconebody B.complexcomponentsC.precisemovements D.flexiblepowersource11What’sthepossibleapplicationof“Octobot”？A.Medicalresearch. B.Liferescue.C.Machineoperation. D.Housecleaning.DWhat’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.12.Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?A.Memory.B.Movementrules.C.Rewardcalculating.D.Informationprocessing.13.Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?A.Math.B.Biology.C.Ecology.D.Psychology.14.Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?A.Bysettingthemfree.B.Bymovingflowers.C.Bymatchingview.D.Bymakingmaps.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HummingbirdsandBeesB.HummingbirdsintheLabC.NewTrendsinStudyingBeesD.ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtostayfocusedinclassBeingrelaxedduringclassisabadhabit，anditisalsobadtoyourgrade．Focusinginclassnotonlyprovestoteachersthatyouareacapablestudentbutalsoshowsthatyouhavetheabilitytocontrolyourself，whichwillbeveryimportant．___16___Nomatterhowmuchyouwanttositwithyourfriendsduringtheclass，tryyourbesttoavoidthem．Talkingwithfriendsaroundyouisnotgoingtogiveyouthefocusinclass．Thiswillgetyouintotrouble．Lookatteacherandmakeeyecontact．Yourteacherisnotjuststandinguptheretalking．___17___Showtheteacherthatheorshehasyourfullattentionbylookingthemintheeye．Thispersonshouldhaveyourfullattentionatalltimesduringclass．Takenotes．Bytakingnotes，you'llbeableto"getinto"thelesson．Writedownkeypointsasyourteacherspeaks．Andlistentothekeyphrasessuchas"Thisisimportant""Thisisthemainidea""Thiswillbethetest"etc．___18___Getinvolvedinclassdiscussions．Thisisawonderfulwaytobecomeamorefocused，successfulstudent．Whenateacherasksaquestion，offertoanswerit．___19___Thisshowstheteacherthatyouarelisteningcarefullyduringtheclass．Askaquestion．___20___Thisreallyshowsyourteacherthatyouwanttobebetter，andcanrecognizethethingsyouarehavingdifficultywith．Chancesarethatsomeoneelseintheclasshasthesamequestion（andwastooafraidtoask!）．They'llberelieved，andsowillyou．A．Avoidsittingwithfriends．B．Thiscanhelpyoulistenmoreattentively．C．Ifheorsheaskforanopinion，shareyourown．D．Talkingwithfriendsmakesyouloseinterestinclass．E．Heorsheistryingtogiveyouanacceptableeducation．F．Themorequicklyyouanswer，themoreattentionyoupay．G．Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething，neverbeafraidtoask．第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inoneofmycollegeclasses,wewererequiredtodoanactofkindness.Myprojectincluded____21____lunchforanelderlyperson.WhenI____22____theelderlypersonwiththefoodIcooked,itnever____23____tomethatitwouldresultinanewfriendshipandthediscoveryofa____24____.ThepersonIvisitedwasBill,whowasunableto____25____much.Anursecameregularlytohelphimmovetoandfromthewheelchairbecausehehasno____26____.Billsaidhewasdelightedtoseemeanditwasa____27____forhimtoeatamealwithmebecauseheusuallyeats____28____.Hesaidthefoodwasgreat,butheenjoyedhaving____29____evenmorethanthefood.Billhadhada____30____lifewhenworkingontherailroadandhadmany____31____storiestotellabouthistravelstomanyplaces.Iwas____32____atripbecauseofhisstories.Ihadonce____33____abouttravelingbytrain.However,Iwould____34____begoingbytrainaftermeetingBill.Perhapsthebiggest____35____ofthisprojectwasthatIsuddenlyrealizedthatIam____36____ofworkingwiththeelderly.Spendingtimewiththemwasfun-theyhavesomuchlifeexperienceto___37___.Ontheonehand,Iamagood____38____.Ontheotherhand,olderpeoplewantsomeonetoknowtheirinnerworld,soitisaperfect____39____.Idecidedtofocusmystudiesonthe____40____.Hopefullyinthefuture,IwillworkwiththemtohelpevenmorepeoplelikeBill.21.A.buying B.delivering C.packing D.preparing22A.calledon B.cameacross C.pickedup D.turnedto23.A.happened B.appealed C.occurred D.proved24.A.travelplan B.careerpath C.holidaydestination D.cookingskill25.A.talk B.eat C.sit D.walk26.A.money B.relatives C.neighbours D.time27.A.treat B.fancy C.privilege D.waste28.A.slowly B.little C.alone D.unhappily29.A.family B.company C.fun D.health30.A.painful B.hopeful C.peaceful D.colorful31.A.adventurous B.fresh C.absorbing D.satisfying32.A.intending B.pretending C.allowing D.requiring33.A.argued B.hesitated C.thought D.cared34.A.unbelievably B.undoubtedly C.unexpectedly D.unhurriedly35.A.aim B.impression C.problem D.bonus36.A.aware B.proud C.fond D.certain37.A.share B.discuss C.treasure D.gain38.A.student B.cook C.learner D.listener39.A.choice B.deal C.match D.game40.A.old B.poor C.disabled D.homeless第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThenumberofHongKongstudentswillingtostudyatChinesemainlanduniversities___41___(reach)arecordhighoverthepasteightyears___42___moreandmorestudentseyeinginformationtechnology-relatedmajors,aswellaschancestoworkinthemainland.Morethan10，000HongKonghigh-schoolgraduateshaveappliedtouniversitiesintheChinesemainlandin2019,___43___newhighoverthepasteightyears.HongKongstudentscanapplytomainlanduniversitiesviacollegeentranceexams___44___(special)designedfor___45___bytheMinistryofEducationviaaHongKongDiplomaofSecondaryEducation(DSE),also___46___(know)asHongKong’suniversityentranceexamination.AnaLo,aseniorstudentmajoringinenvironmentalscienceatTsinghuaUniversity,___47___alsoparticipatedintheschool’sexchangeactivitiesinHongKong,noticedthegrowingnumberofHongKongstudentsparticipatingintheirpromotionactivitiesand___48___(show)stronginterestinmainlanduniversitiesinthepastthreeyears.InaninterviewwiththeGlobalTimes,Loattributed（把……归因于）theincreasetothefact___49___someuniversitiesinthemainland,suchasTsinghuaUniversity,aregraduallybecomingacceptedbyHongKongstudents,whoarehopingforbetterlivesinthemainland.Apartfromtheincreaseinnumbers,BaiYu,fromthe________50________(admit)officeofWuhanUniversity,noticedthatHongKongstudents'choicesofstudyhavealsochanged.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearChairman,IamLiHua,an18-year-oldfreshman.Iamveryinterestinthepositioninyourposter.SoI'mwritingtorecommendmyselftoyouasamemberoftheschoolTVstation.Wheninseniorhighschool,Iamalsoajournalistoftheschool’snewspaper,thatiswhyIamgoodatwriting.Thereportswrittenbymeoftenpraisedbymuchofmyfellowschoolmatesandteachers.Inaddition,workingasajournalisthelpsmetogrowasaoutgoing,independentandsociableperson.Moreimportantly,IamverycuriousandenthusiasticaboutwhatishappeninginandaroundourcampusthatIcanalwayskeepitupwiththelatestevents.I'msureIwilldevotemetoworkingintheschoolTVstationwhole-hearted.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.52.假设你是晨光中学学生李华，你市正在开展“文明城市”（BuildingaCivilizedCity）主题活动，请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文。内容如下：1.指出本市存在的不文明现象；2.结合实际提出建议并发起倡议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头结尾已给出。Dearfriends,Iamwritingthisletterto___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua