用文体学分析Hiroshima

AnAnalysisofLanguageFeaturesinHiroshima-the“Liveliest”CityAbstract:Hiroshimaisafeaturestoryorsimplyafeature,atypeofjournalisticwriting.Featurestoriesmayappearinnewspapers,magazines,onTVorradio.TheonewearestudyingwaspresentedonanAmericanradioprogram.Thispapertriestoanalyzethefeaturesofspeechsuchassarcasm,alliteration,metaphor,andsynecdoche,etctoresearchtheeffectofthenarrativeskillandreflectthethemeandexpressingartvalueofthisnovel.Keywords:Hiroshimanarrativeliveliestfeaturestories1. IntroductionAfeaturestorycoversaselectedissueindepth.Thepurposeofafeaturestoryistoholdthereaders’attentionandmakethemreadthestoryfrombeginningtoend.Forsuchanaim,thereporter,firstofall,choosessomethinginterestingtowriteaboutandauniqueangletopresentthestory.Thesubjectofafeaturestorycanbeaperson,oragroupofpeople,aplace,athing,anevent,anaccidentect.Thesubjectofthefeaturestory“Hiroshima-the‘Liveliest’CityinJapan”isaboutaplace–Hiroshima.Thestoryismainlydividedintothreeparts:thewriter’sarrivalatHiroshima,thereceptionbythecitymayor,andhisvisittotheatomicwardinthehospital.Thewriterusesthefirst-personnarrativevoice.Thestorybeginswiththewriter’sarrivalattherailwaystation.Thewriterdoesnottrytoconcealhisemotionsaboutthecityorhisattitudetowardtheatomicbomb.Intheveryfirstparagraphhesays,“Ihadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymind.”Heasked,“WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?”OnhiswaytohisdestinationheobservedthecrowdsofJapanese.”Atthereception,thewriterexpectedthemayortotalkabouttheatomicbombanditstragicimpact.Tohisgreatsurprise,themayorreferredtoHiroshimaasthe“liveliestcityinJapan.”ThepuzzledwriterwastoldbyanelderJapanesemanthatthereweretwoschoolsofthoughtinHiroshimaaboutthebomb.Withmanypreparedquestions,thewritervisitedtheatomicwardinthehospital.heinterviewedatomicbombvictimsandcametohisconclusionaboutHiroshima.Ⅰ.AnalysisofthefeatureofspeechSarcasmisawayofusingwordsthataretheoppositeofwhatyoumeaninordertobeunpleasanttosomebodyortomakefunofthem.“Hiroshima-the‘Liveliest’CityinJapan.(Title)Ifyouwriteaboutthiscity,donotforgettosaythatitisthegayestcityinJapan,evenifmanyofthetown’speoplestillbearhiddenwounds,andburns.（L3,Para.27）Boththe“Liveliest”Cityandthe“gayestcity”usedsarcasm.Alliterationistheuseofthesamesowordsthatareclosetogether.…..asthefastesttrainintheworldslippedtoastopinHiroshimaStation.(L.2,Para.1)“Slipped”and“stop”beginwith/s/.Ifeltsick,andeversincethentheyhavebeentestingandtreatingme.Both“testing”and“treating”beginwith/t/.Metaphorisafigureofspeechthatdescribessomethingbyreferringtoitassomethingelse,inordertoshowthatthetwothingshavethesamequalitiesandtomakethedescriptionmorepowerful.(1)Andsecondly,becauseIhadalumpinmythroatandalotofsadthoughtsonmymindthathadlittletodowithanythingaNipponrailwaysofficialmightsay.(L5,Para.1)(2)Theusherboweddeeplyandheavedalong,almostmusicalsigh,whenIshowhimtheinvitationwhichthemayorhadsentmeinresponsetomyrequestforaninterview.(L.2,Para.5)Thefirstsentencemeansthatatsecondly,becauseIwaschokedwithemotionsandoccupiedwithsorrowandtherewasnoconnectionbetweenmysadthoughtsandthewordsofaJapaneserailwaysofficial.Synecdocheisafigureofspeechinwhichapartofsomethingisusedtorepresentawhole,orawholeisusedtorepresentapartofsomething.TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.(L5.Pare.7)“Kimono”and“miniskirt”representthetraditionandmodern.Onomatopoeiaisadevicethatuseswordswhichimitatethesoundsmadebyanobject（animateorinanimate）,orwhichareassociatedwithorsuggestiveofsomeactionormovement.JustasIwasbeginningtofindtheridelong,thetaxiscreechedtoahalt,andthedrivergotoutandwentovertopolicementoasktheway.ItmeansthatjustwhenIwasstartingtofindthejourneylong,thetaxistoppedsuddenlywithaharshpiercingsound,andthedrivergotoutofhiscarandwentovertoapolicemantoaskfordirection.Anti-climaxreferstothesuddenappearanceofaridiculousortrivialideafollowingoneormoresignificantorelevatedideasinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.Anti-climaxisusuallycomicineffect.Seldomhasacitygainedsuchworldrenown,andIamproudandhappytowelcomeyoutoHiroshima,atownknownthroughoutthewordforits–oysters.（L,1,Para.17）Itexpressedthewriter’ssurprise.ConclusionInresponsetotheauthor’srequestforaninterview,themayorofHiroshimainvitedhimtohavedinnerwithotherforeignersontherestaurantboat.Uponsteppingonthesoil,hismindwasfullofsadthoughts.However,thefollowingexperiencewasoutofhisexpectation.ThelifeinHiroshimaseemedmuchthesameasthesameasinotherJapanesecities:traditionalkimonosandWesterndress,constantbowsandtaxidrivers.Inthereception,hethoughtthemayorwouldsaysomethingabouttheatomicbomb.Butthemayormadeaspeechofoysters.AsmallJapanesemantoldhimthatpeopledidn’twanttotalkaboutitanymoreandevenwantedtodemolishthemonument,forithurteverybody.Thentheauthorwenttoanotherplace-theatomicwardinahospitalwheremanypatientssufferingfromradiationweretreated.Aformerfishermanasavictimtoldhimthatitwashumiliatingtosurviveinthiscity.Eventheirchildrenwouldencounterprejudice.Buteverydayhefoldedapaperbirdtocommemorate.TheauthorpreviouslywonderedwhetherHiroshimawastheliveliestcityinJapan,butnowhecouldreadtheanswerineveryeye.Bibliography[1]张汉熙.高级英语[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2010[2]王军高卫红.高级英语大学教材全解[M].北京:中国海洋大学出版社，2010