中华人民共和国教育法(中英对照)

中华人民共和国教育法 Education Law of the People's Republic of China 第一章　总则 CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS 第一条　为了发展教育事业，提高全民族的素质，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法，制定本法。 Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to developing the cause of education, enhancing the quality of the entire nation and promoting the socialist material as well as cultural and ethical progress. 第二条　在中华人民共和国境内的各级各类教育，适用本法。 Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to education of all types and at all levels offered within the territory of the People's Republic of China. 第三条　国家坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和建设有中国特色社会主义理论为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的教育事业。 Article 3 In developing the cause of socialist education, the State adheres to taking Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as its guidelines and follows the basic principles defined in the Constitution. 第四条　教育是社会主义现代化建设的基础，国家保障教育事业优先发展。 Article 4 Education is the basis of the socialist modernization drive, and the State ensures priority to the development of educational undertakings. 全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。 The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings. 全社会应当尊重教师。 The entire society should respect teachers. 第五条　教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务，必须与生产劳动相结合，培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。 Article 5 Education must serve the socialist modernization drive and must be combined with production and physical labour in order to train for the socialist cause builders and successors who are developed in an all-round way-morally, intellectually and physically. 第六条　国家在受教育者中进行爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义的教育，进行理想、道德、纪律、法制、国防和民族团结的教育。 Article 6 The State conducts education among educatees in patriotism, collectivism, socialism as well as in the importance of ideals, ethics, discipline, the legal system, national defense and national unity. 第七条　教育应当继承和弘扬中华民族优秀的历史文化传统，吸收人类文明发展的一切优秀成果。 Article 7 In education the brilliant historic and cultural tradition of the Chinese nation shall be inherited and carried forward and all other excellent achievements of human civilization shall be absorbed. 第八条　教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。 Article 8 Educational activities shall conform to the State and public interests. 国家实行教育与宗教相分离。任何组织和个人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育的活动。 The State separates education from religion. No organization or individual may make use of religion to conduct activities that interfere with the educational system of the State. 第九条　中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。 Article 9 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right and obligation to receive education. 公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。 All citizens, regardless of ethnic group, race, sex, occupation, property status or religious belief, shall enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law. 第十条　国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区发展教育事业。 Article 10 The State, in light of the characteristics and needs of the different minority ethnic groups, provides assistance to the development of educational undertakings in regions inhabited by the minority ethnic groups. 国家扶持边远贫困地区发展教育事业。 The State supports and assists the development of educational undertakings in the outlying and poverty-stricken areas. 国家扶持和发展残疾人教育事业。 The State supports and develops educational undertakings for the disabled. 第十一条　国家适应社会主义市场经济发展和社会进步的需要，推进教育改革，促进各级各类教育协调发展，建立和完善终身教育体系。 Article 11 To meet the needs of developing a socialist market economy and promoting social progress, the State carries forward educational reform, fosters a coordinated development of education at various levels and of various types, and establishes and improves a system of life-long education. 国家支持、鼓励和组织教育科学研究，推广教育科学研究成果，促进教育质量提高。 The State supports, encourages and organizes scientific research in education, disseminate the results of scientific research in education so as to enhance the quality of education. 第十二条　汉语言文字为学校及其他教育机构的基本教学语言文字。少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，可以使用本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字进行教学。 Article 12 The spoken and written Chinese language shall be the basic spoken and written language in teaching in schools and other institutions of education. In schools and other institutions of education in which students of a minority ethnic group constitute the majority, the spoken and written language used by the specific ethnic group or commonly used by the local ethnic groups may be used for instruction. 学校及其他教育机构进行教学，应当推广使用全国通用的普通话和字。 Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation) and the standar-dized characters designed for use throughout the country shall be widely used in instruction in schools and other institutions of education. 第十三条　国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。 Article 13 The State awards units or individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the development of education. 第十四条　国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。 Article 14 The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall guide and administer educational work under the principles of admini-stration by different levels and of a division of responsibilities. 中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。 Secondary education and education at lower levels shall be administered by the local people's governments under the guidance of the State Council. 高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。 Higher education shall be administered by the State Council, and/or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government. 第十五条　国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。 Article 15 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall be in charge of the nationwide educational work, and undertake overall planning, coordination and management of the educational undertakings throughout the country. 县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。 The administrative departments of education under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the educational work in their respective administrative regions. 县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。 Other departments concerned under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the related educational work within the scope of their functions and duties. 第十六条　国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。 Article 16 The State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the work of education and on the budgets and final accounts of the operating expenses for education, which shall be subject to supervision. 第二章　教育基本制度 CHAPTER II BASIC SYSTEM OF EDUCATION 第十七条　国家实行学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。 Article 17 The State applies a school education system embracing pre- school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education. 国家建立科学的学制系统。学制系统内的学校和其他教育机构的设置、教育形式、修业年限、招生对象、培养目标等，由国务院或者由国务院授权教育行政部门。 The State establishes a scientific schooling system. The establishment, forms of instruction, length of schooling, enrollment targets, objectives of training, etc. of schools and other institutions of education governed by the schooling system shall be prescribed by the State Council or the administrative department of education empowered by the State Council. 第十八条　国家实行九年制义务教育制度。 Article 18 The State applies a system of nine-year compulsory education. 各级人民政府采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学。 People's governments at all levels shall take various measures to guarantee school-age children and adolescents access to education. 适龄儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人以及有关社会组织和个人有义务使适龄儿童、少年接受并完成规定年限的义务教育。 Parents or other guardians of school-age children and adolescents as well as social organizations and individuals concerned shall have the obligation to ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive and complete compulsory education for the prescribed number of years. 第十九条　国家实行职业教育制度和成人教育制度。 Article 19 The State applies a system of vocational education and a system of adult education. 各级人民政府、有关行政部门以及企业事业组织应当采取措施，发展并保障公民接受职业学校教育或者各种形式的职业培训。 People's governments at various levels, the administrative departments concer-ned and enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop educational programs and guarantee that citizens receive education in vocational schools or different types of vocational training. 国家鼓励发展多种形式的成人教育，使公民接受适当形式的政治、经济、文化、科学、技术、业务教育和终身教育。 The State encourages the development of varied forms of adult education so that citizens may receive appropriate education in politics, economics, culture, science and technology and professional or life-long education. 第二十条　国家实行国家教育考试制度。 Article 20 The State applies a national education examination system. 国家教育考试由国务院教育行政部门确定种类，并由国家批准的实施教育考试的机构承办。 The administrative department of education under the State Council shall determine the types of national education examination which shall be undertaken by the institutions that conduct such education examination as approved by the State. 第二十一条　国家实行学业证书制度。 Article 21 The State applies a system of education certificates. 经国家批准设立或者认可的学校及其他教育机构按照国家有关规定，颁发学历证书或者其他学业证书。 Schools and other institutions of education established with the approval of or recognized by the State shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, grant educational qualification certificates or other education certificates. 第二十二条　国家实行学位制度。 Article 22 The State applies a system of academic degree. 学位授予单位依法对达到一定学术水平或者专业技术水平的人员授予相应的学位，颁发学位证书。 Institutions entitled to grant academic degrees shall grant to persons who have attained the required academic or professional or technical level corresponding academic degrees and issue to them degree certificates in accordance with law. 第二十三条　各级人民政府、基层群众性自治组织和企业事业组织应当采取各种措施，开展扫除文盲的教育工作。 Article 23 People's governments at various levels, grass-roots autonomous organizations of a mass character and enterprises and institutions shall take all kinds of measures to carry out literacy education program. 按照国家规定具有接受扫除文盲教育能力的公民，应当接受扫除文盲的教育。 Citizens capable of receiving literacy education according to relevant regulations of the State shall receive literacy education. 第二十四条　国家实行教育督导制度和学校及其他教育机构教育评估制度。 Article 24 The State applies an educational supervision system and an educational evaluation system for schools and other institutions of education. 第三章　学校及其他教育机构 CHAPTER III SCHOOLS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATION 第二十五条　国家制定教育发展规划，并举办学校及其他教育机构。 Article 25 The State formulates plans for the development of education and establishes and runs schools and other institutions of education. 国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人依法举办学校及其他教育机构。 The State encourages enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations, as well as individual citizens to establish and run schools or other institutions of education in accordance with law. 任何组织和个人不得以营利为目的举办学校及其他教育机构。 No organization or individual may establish or run a school or any other institution of education for profit-making purposes. 第二十六条　设立学校及其他教育机构，必须具备下列基本条件： Article 26 For the establishment of a school or any other institution of education, the following basic conditions shall be fulfilled: （一）有组织机构和章程； (1) having an organizational structure and rules and regulations; （二）有合格的教师； (2) having qualified teachers; （三）有符合规定的教学场所及设施、设备等； (3) having teaching premises, facilities and equipment that are up to the required standards; and （四）有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。 (4) having the necessary funds for running the school as well as a stable source of funding. 第二十七条　学校及其他教育机构的设立、变更和终止，应当按照国家有关规定办理审核、批准、注册或者备案手续。 Article 27 The establishment, modification or termination of a school or any other institution of education shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, go through the formalities of examination, verification, approval and registration or filing for the record. 第二十八条　学校及其他教育机构行使下列权利： Article 28 Schools and other institutions of education shall exercise the following rights: （一）按照章程自主管理； (1) to administer school affairs independently in accordance with their rules and regulations; （二）组织实施教育教学活动； (2) to organize and conduct educational and teaching activities; （三）招收学生或者其他受教育者； (3) to enroll students or other educatees; （四）对受教育者进行学籍管理，实施奖励或者处分； (4) to manage school roll and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against educatees; （五）对受教育者颁发相应的学业证书； (5) to grant to educatees appropriate education certificates; （六）聘任教师及其他职工，实施奖励或者处分； (6) to recruit teachers, other staff and workers and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against them; （七）管理、使用本单位的设施和经费； (7) to manage and use the facilities and financial resources of their own; （八）拒绝任何组织和个人对教育教学活动的非法干涉； (8) to brook no unlawful interference in their educational and teaching activities by any organization or individual; and （九）法律、法规规定的其他权利。 (9) other rights prescribed by laws and regulations. 国家保护学校及其他教育机构的合法权益不受侵犯。 The State protects the lawful rights and interests of schools and other institutions of education from infringement. 第二十九条　学校及其他教育机构应当履行下列义务： Article 29 Schools and other institutions of education shall fulfil the following obligations: （一）遵守法律、法规； (1) to observe laws and regulations; （二）贯彻国家的教育方针，执行国家教育教学标准，保证教育教学质量； (2) to implement the State's educational policies, apply the standards set by the State for education and teaching and guarantee the quality of education and teaching; （三）维护受教育者、教师及其他职工的合法权益； (3) to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the educatees, teachers and other staff and workers; （四）以适当方式为受教育者及其监护人了解受教育者的学业成绩及其他有关情况提供便利； (4) to provide convenience in appropriate ways for educatees and their guardians to have access to the educatees' academic performance and other relevant information; （五）遵照国家有关规定收取费用并公开收费项目； (5) to collect fees according to the regulations of the State and publicize the individual items of such fees; and （六）依法接受监督。 (6) to be subjected to supervision according to law. 第三十条　学校及其他教育机构的举办者按照国家有关规定，确定其所举办的学校或者其他教育机构的管理体制。 Article 30 Organizations or individuals that establish and run schools or other institutions of education may, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, determine the management system for the schools or other institutions of education that they establish and run. 学校及其他教育机构的校长或者主要行政负责人必须由具有中华人民共和国国籍、在中国境内定居、并具备国家规定任职条件的公民担任，其任免按照国家有关规定办理。学校的教学及其他行政管理，由校长负责。 The president or the leading administrator of a school or any other institution of education shall be a citizen of the nationality of the People's Republic of China, who has settled down within the territory of China and meets the qualifications for the post prescribed by the State, and he or she shall be appointed or removed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. The president of a school shall be in charge of the school's teaching and administration. 学校及其他教育机构应当按照国家有关规定，通过以教师为主体的教职工代表大会等组织形式，保障教职工参与民主管理和监督。 Schools and other institutions of education shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State guarantee that teachers, staff members and workers participate in the democratic management and supervision through the congress of teachers, staff members and workers with teachers as its main body, or through other forms. 第三十一条　学校及其他教育机构具备法人条件的，自批准设立或者登记注册之日起取得法人资格。 Article 31 A school or any other institution of education that meets the requirements for a legal person shall acquire the status of a legal person from the date on which its establishment is approved or it is registered. 学校及其他教育机构在民事活动中依法享有民事权利，承担民事责任。 A school or any other institution of education shall, in civil activities, enjoy civil rights and bear civil liabilities according to law. 学校及其他教育机构中的国有资产属于国家所有。 The State assets in a school or any other institution of education shall be owned by the State. 学校及其他教育机构兴办的校办产业独立承担民事责任。 Factories run by schools or other institutions of education shall bear civil liabilities independently. 第四章　教师和其他教育工作者 CHAPTER IV TEACHERS AND OTHER EDUCATORS 第三十二条教师享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，忠诚于人民的教育事业。 Article 32 Teachers shall enjoy the rights prescribed by law, fulfil the obligations prescribed by law and devote themselves to the people's cause of education. 第三十三条　国家保护教师的合法权益，改善教师的工作条件和生活条件，提高教师的社会地位。 Article 33 The State protects the lawful rights and interests of teachers, improves their working and living conditions and enhances their social status. 教师的工资报酬、福利待遇，依照法律、法规的规定办理。 Salaries and welfare benefits for teachers shall be handled according to the provisions of laws and regulations. 第三十四条　国家实行教师资格、职务、聘任制度，通过考核、奖励、培养和培训，提高教师素质，加强教师队伍建设。 Article 34 The State applies a system of qualifications, posts and appoint-ment for teachers, enhances the quality of teachers and build a strong contingent of teachers by means of examination, awards and training. 第三十五条　学校及其他教育机构中的管理人员，实行教育职员制度。 Article 35 A system of educational administrators shall be applied for administrative personnel of schools and other institutions of education. 学校及其他教育机构中的教学辅助人员和其他专业技术人员，实行专业技术职务聘任制度。 A system of appointment for professional or technical post shall be applied for auxiliary teaching staff and other professional or technical personnel in schools and other institutions of education. 第三十六条　受教育者在入学、升学、就业等方面依法享有平等权利。 Article 36 Educatees shall according to law enjoy equal rights in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, etc. 学校和有关行政部门应当按照国家有关规定，保障女子在入学、升学、就业、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有同男子平等的权利。 Schools and administrative departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant regulations of the State, ensure that females enjoy equal rights with males in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, conferment of academic degrees, dispatch for study abroad, etc. 第三十七条　国家、社会对符合入学条件、家庭经济困难的儿童、少年、青年，提供各种形式的资助。 Article 37 The State and society provide financial assistance of various forms to children, adolescents and youths who meet the conditions for school admission but whose families have financial difficulties. 第三十八条　国家、社会、学校及其他教育机构应当根据残疾人身心特性和需要实施教育，并为其提供帮助和便利。 Article 38 The State, society, schools and other institutions of education shall carry out education for the disabled in light of their physical and mental conditions and needs and provide them with assistance and convenience. 第三十九条　国家、社会、家庭、学校及其他教育机构应当为有违法犯罪行为的未成年人接受教育创造条件。 Article 39 The State, society, families, schools and other institutions of education shall create conditions for adolescent delinquents to receive education. 第四十条　从业人员有依法接受职业培训和继续教育的权利和义务。 Article 40 Employees shall have the right and obligation to receive voca-tional training and continuing education according to law. 国家机关、企业事业组织和其他社会组织，应当为本单位职工的学习和培训提供条件和便利。 State organs, enterprises and institutions as well as other social organizations shall create conditions and provide convenience for their staff and workers to study and receive training. 第四十一条　国家鼓励学校及其他教育机构、社会组织采取措施，为公民接受终身教育创造条件。 Article 41 The State encourages schools and other institutions of education as well as social organizations to take measures to create conditions for citizens to receive life-long education. 第四十二条　受教育者享有下列权利： Article 42 Educatees shall enjoy the following rights: （一）参加教育教学安排的各种活动，使用教育教学设施、设备、图书资料； (1) to participate in various activities arranged according to educational or teaching programs and use educational or teaching facilities, equipment and books and materials; （二）按照国家有关规定获得奖学金、贷学金、助学金； (2) to receive scholarships, student loans or subsidies in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State; （三）在学业成绩和品行上获得公正评价，完成规定的学业后获得相应的学业证书、学位证书； (3) to receive a fair evaluation of his or her academic performance and moral character, and receive an education certificate or academic degree certificate, as appropriate, upon completion of the required programs; （四）对学校给予的处分不服向有关部门提出申诉，对学校、教师侵犯其人身权、财产权等合法权益，提出申诉或者依法提起诉讼； (4) to lodge a complaint with the competent department if he or she refuses to accept punishment imposed by t