考研考博-英语-赣州师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解版

山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-赣州师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny---mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition---ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescaped---withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs---thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.问题1选项A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrificesB.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpowerC.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterialD.itissharedbytherichandthefamous问题2选项A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwordsB.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletoutC.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoalD.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition问题3选项A.theythinkofitasimmoralB.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealthC.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefitsD.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible问题4选项A.secretlyandvigorouslyB.openlyandenthusiasticallyC.easilyandmomentarilyD.verballyandspiritually【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny---mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正确看待雄心壮志，那么它所带来的健康、名望和对自己命运所带来的回报，就必须被认为是值得曾经的付出的。可判断出抱负只有在回报很好地补偿了付出的时候，才得以正确看待。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescaped---withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.”，可知作者打了个比方，这种做法带有浓重的虚伪色彩，就像在马儿逃跑后关上门，而受过良好教育的人却偷偷将马骑出去。用来比喻在实现抱负之后却否认隐藏自己的雄心壮志。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.”，可知现在的情况是，人们不能像以前那样轻易、公开地承认自己的梦想，以免被认为是将近的、贪婪的和庸俗的。可判断出有些人不公开承认他们有野心，是因为他们不想显得贪婪和可鄙。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.”，可知左派是愤怒的批评者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中间派则像往常一样，是大多数认真的人，努力在生活中出人头地。可推断出作者认为我们不应该暗地批评，也不能愚昧地支持，而是应该以公开热情的态度对待抱负。选项B符合题意。2.单选题Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.问题1选项A.significantB.dominantC.magnificentD.prominent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项significant“明显的，意义重大的”；B选项dominant“占优势的；显性的，生物专业名词”；C选项magnificent“壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的”；D选项prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：虽然布朗（Bloom）先生现在不____，但他总有一天会出名的。根据后一个分句推断，前一个分句是说布朗先生现在不出名。D选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。3.单选题Scientistshavefoundthatscents（ ）efficiencyandreducestressamongofficeworkers.问题1选项A.enhanceB.amplifyC.fosterD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance意为“提高，增加”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”；foster意为“培养”；magnify意为“放大”。句意：科学家们发现，气味能提高办公室职员的效率，减轻他们的压力。4.单选题MostofwhatBillsaidwas（）;onlyoneortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeingdiscussed.问题1选项A.reliableB.relativeC.relatedD.relating【答案】B【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相较的；related指相关的；relating是动词relate的分词形式。句意：比尔讲的大多都很切题,只有一两点与主题关系不是很紧密。选项B正确。5.单选题Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（ ）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.问题1选项A.creativityB.securityC.credibilityD.stability【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。creativity创造性；security安全性；credibility确实性；stability稳定性。句意：与美国巨大的工作流动性相比，日本的工作稳定性高是有一些合理的解释的。根据下文的mobility可推测，两者形成对比，所以选项D正确。6.单选题 Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（ ）  manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持”；gain“获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve“收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire“获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。7.单选题Markseemstohaveaverylenientteacherthisyear.问题1选项A.helpfulB.friendlyC.intelligentD.permissive【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.helpful有帮助性的，支持的B.friendly友好的，亲切的C.intelligent智能的，聪明的D.permissive放任的，纵容的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】本句话表示“马克今年的老师似乎很宽容（lenient）”，划线单词lenient在句中表示“宽容的，仁慈的”，在本句话中表达马克今年的老师很宽容友好，B选项词义与划线单词在句中的含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为B选项。【干扰项排除】A、C项与划线单词的意思不符合；D选项permissive“放任的，纵容的”在牛津词典的释义为：允许或表现出许多人不赞成的行为自由，特别是在性方面。是一个偏贬义的词，本句话中并不能体现该含义，排除。【句意】马克今年的老师似乎很宽容。8.翻译题(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影响的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.【答案】1.正如我们所见，如今社会医疗保健的重点已从治疗疾病转向预防疾病。2.这个人没有生病，甚至可能没有患上任何特定疾病的风险，但是我们可以想象他可以更健康。3.传统上，医学并没有区分那些仅仅是“没有生病”的人和那些身体非常健康并且注意身体特殊需求的人。4.健康的人注意营养和运动，他们非常重视关注自身的身体状况。5.通过关注健康的生活方式和概念可以对人们面对日常生活挑战的方式产生积极影响。9.单选题[A]Lessnotedbut[B]equallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960[C]alsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthan[D]didthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.问题1选项A.LessnotedB.equallysignificantC.alsoD.did【答案】B【解析】考查上下文语义。B选项处equally表示前后的一致性，即前后短语或句子的结构应一致，前面是比较级lessnoted，其后面也应是比较级，在equally和significant中间加上more更合适。10.单选题TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.问题1选项A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestly【答案】B【解析】副词辨析。句意:环球航空公司被诟病其试图掩盖真相而不是立马通知遇难者家属的行为。briefly短暂地，简略地。quickly迅速地，很快地。accurately精确地，准确地。earnestly认真地，诚挚地。promptly迅速地。故选B。11.单选题Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（ ）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项immoral“不道德的”。句意：她没有公开抨击这个，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。12.单选题Mybrotherisapainterandworksina（ ）.问题1选项A.studioB.stallC.senateD.stage【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项studio“工作室，画室”；B选项stall“货摊”；C选项senate“参议院”；D选项stage“舞台”。句意：我的兄弟是个画家，在一个画室工作。选项A符合语境。13.单选题Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（ ）.问题1选项A.eliteB.disenfranchisedC.reactionariesD.dissatisfied【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。elite“精英；精华”；disenfranchised“被剥夺权利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剥夺权利的人”；reactionaries“反动派”；dissatisfied“不满意的；不高兴的”。句意：在社会稳定时期，很多艺术学院被教条主义者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有创意的作品必须由那些被剥夺了权利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教条主义者控制”及“realcreativework真正有创意的作品”的对应知“真正有创意的作品都是由艺术学院里被剥夺了权利的人来完成。被教条主义控制意味着被剥夺了权利。14.单选题Theeconomygrewatitsfastestratesince1980thankstoa(n)（ ）inworldtrade.问题1选项A.inflationB.stimulusC.bulgeD.boom【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。inflation“膨胀；通货膨胀”；stimulus“刺激；激励”；bulge“膨胀；凸出部分”；boom“繁荣”。句意：由于世界贸易的繁荣，经济自1980年以来以最快的速度增长。选项D符合题意。15.单选题HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇佣兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（异端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠杀）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成长).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重视)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（ ）.2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT（ ）.  3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof（ ）.  4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?问题1选项A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesRomaC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceexternalthreats问题2选项A.theEgyptiansB.thestateC.thechurchD.theNazis问题3选项A.languageB.cultureC.identityD.custom问题4选项A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies（只有在非吉普赛人的威胁面前才能真正团结起来）可知D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.（在欧洲，非吉普赛人对他们的迫害开始得很快，教会认为他们的算命行为是异端邪说，而政府认为他们的游牧生活是反社会行动。在更近的历史中，吉普赛人被陷入纳粹党歇斯底里的种族迫害中，大约50万人死于大屠杀）可知吉普赛人受到了教堂、政府以及纳粹的迫害，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews（除了极少数例外，吉普赛人并没有表达出对一个国家的强烈愿望—不像犹太人那样）可知吉普赛人与犹太人的主要区别在于对身份的认同，因此选C。4.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago（从他们的语言罗曼语的各种方言中的线索可知，一千年前他们从印度北部来到中东）可知D选项“印度北部曾经有一个吉普赛人国家”表示不正确，只能推测吉普赛人从印度北部而来。16.单选题Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyofmodalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.问题1选项A.braveryB.expertiseC.proficiencyD.sympathy【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.bravery勇敢B.expertise专门知识；专门技术C.proficiency精通；熟练D.sympathy同情；慰问【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】由本句句意可知作为一名护士，所应该有的是同情心以及专业的知识，而从前半句中的“naturalhealer（天生的治疗师）”可知天生所拥有的是同情心，所以D选项“同情，慰问”符合题意。划线单词compassion“同情”。【干扰项排除】A选项bravery勇敢，与护士治疗病人无关，不符合句意；B选项expertise专门知识；专门技术，因为说的是天生的治疗师，因此应该是天生所具有的品格，专门知识是后天所拥有的；C选项proficiency精通；熟练，这也是后天才具备的，不符合句意。【句意】作为一名护士，多萝西是一个天生的治疗师，她被赋予了同情心，有各种各样的方式来帮助她的所有年龄的病人。17.单选题Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.问题1选项A.blameB.dedicateC.attributeD.conclude【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.blame责怪，指责B.dedicate奉献，投身C.attribute归因，归于D.conclude推定，得出结论【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格处和下文的“failure（失败）”构成动宾逻辑，表示他们不得不怎么样自己的失败，并且要能够和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation（准备不足）”可知，这是他们失败的原因，所以空格处应该是表达将失败的原因归于准备不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意为“把……归因于，认为……是由于”，因此C选项attribute“归因，归于”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项blame“责怪，指责”，blamesth.onsth.指将不好的事归罪、归咎于某事物，不能和to进行搭配；B选项dedicate“奉献，投身”，dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活动或目标上投入大量的时间和精力，不能和“failure（失败）”进行搭配；D选项conclude“推定，得出结论”指根据所见所闻做出决定或相信某事，不能和to进行搭配。【句意】他们不得不把失败归咎于准备不足。18.单选题Theyweremorethangladtoleavetheircarsparkedandwalked（ ）forachange.问题1选项A.asB.forC.toD.by【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们更乐意去把车停放在某个地方，然后改为走路。选项B符合题意。19.单选题Thesheerdiversityoftropicalplantsrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilize.问题1选项A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexhaustible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:exploited“开采；利用”；B:quantifiable“可以计量的”；C:controversial“有争议的”；D:inexhaustible“无穷无尽的”。句意：热带植物绝对的多样性似乎表明有无穷无尽的原材料资源，而这些原材料只有小部分被使用。根据语境和句意可知D最合适。20.单选题Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.问题2选项A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.问题3选项A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.问题4选项A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B【解析】PassageOneBirdsarefamousforcarryingthingsaround.Some,likehomingpigeons,canbetrainedtodelivermessagesandpackages.Otherbirdsunknowinglycarryseedsthatclingtothemfortheride.Canadianscientistshavefoundaworrisome,newexampleofthepowerthatbirdshavetospreadstuffaround.WayupnorthintheCanadianArctic,[9]seabirdsarepickingupdangerouschemicalsintheoceananddeliveringthemtopondsnearwherethebirdslive.Some10,000pairsofthebirds,calledfulmars,akindofArcticseabirds,maketheirnestsonDevonIsland,northoftheArcticCircle.[10]Thefulmarstravelsome400kilometersovertheseatofindfood.Whentheyreturnhome,theirdroppingsendupallaroundtheirnestingsites,includinginnearbyponds.[11]Previously,scientistsnoticedpollutantsarrivingintheArcticwiththewind.Salmonalsocarrydangerouschemicals,asthefishmigratebetweenriversandthesea.Thebodiesoffishandothermeat-eaterscanbuilduphighlevelsofthechemicals.Totestthepollutingpoweroffulmars,researcherscollectedsamplesofdepositsfrom11pondsonDevonIsland.Inpondsclosesttothecolony,theresultsshowedthattherewerefarmorepollutantsthaninpondslessaffectedbythebirds.Thepollutantsinthepondsappeartocomefromfishthatfulmarseatwhenthey’reoutontheocean.[12]Peoplewholive,hunt,orfishnearbirdcoloniesneedtobecareful,theresearcherssay.Thebirdsdon’tmeantocauseharm,butthechemicalstheycarrycancausemajorproblems.9.WhathaveCanadianscientistsfoundaboutsomeseabirds?【答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于海鸟，加拿大科学家们有什么发现？录音开头提到，加拿大的科学家发现海鸟能传播污染物：在加拿大北部的北极地区，海鸟从海洋中叼走危险的化学品，并运送到其栖息地附近的池塘里。C选项“它们把海洋里污染物运送到它们筑巢的地方”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“污染导致它们濒临灭绝”录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们携带植物种子，并把种子传播到遥远的地方”这一信息虽然在录音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科学家们的发现，因此排除；D选项“在紧急情况下，它们会传递信息”，录音中说的这种鸟类是信鸽，而不是海鸟，因此不正确。10.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheseabirdscalledfulmars?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于管鼻藿这种海鸟，说话人说了什么？录音提到，有一种生活在北极的海鸟，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大约有一万多对管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢。它们会飞行约400公里，穿越海洋寻找食物。D选项“它们飞行400公里寻找食物”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们起源于北极地区的德文岛”，录音只是提及管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢，并没有表明它们是起源于德文岛，因此不正确；B选项“它们在夏季迁徙到北极圈”和C选项“它们能在极端天气条件下生存”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。11.WhatdidscientistspreviouslynoticeaboutpollutantsintheArctic?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问科学家以前在北极发现的污染物是什么？录音提到，早前，科学家发现这些污染物是被风吹到北极地区的。B选项中的werecarriedbythewind是录音中arriving…withthewind的同义转述。因此B选项“它们是被风吹来的”正确。A选项“它们毒性越来越大”；C选项“它们毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D选项“它们没有像大陆上残留的那么多”在录音中均没有相关信息提及，因此排除。12.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnaboutattheendofthetalk?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者在演讲结束时警告了什么？录音最后提到，研究人员认为，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、狩猎或捕鱼的人们需要提高警惕。这些鸟类本身不会造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质则会引起重大问题。由此可知，此处的“重大问题”应是指会对人类造成危害的问题，因此B选项“北极海鸟可能对人类造成危害”正确。A选项“气候变化对北极海鸟的影响”；C选项“北极海鸟栖息地的减少”和D选项“人类对北极海鸟构成的威胁”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。21.单选题Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.问题1选项A.touchB.reachC.relateD.connect【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。touch“感动”;reach“取得联系，到达”relate“有关联”;connect“连接”句意：她正在试着打电话和他获得联系，因为她有重要的消息告诉他。选项B符合题意。22.单选题Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoice.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrawacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personal