医学微生物英语试题

实用文档.Part1SingleBestChoiceQuestions(401point=40pts)Instruction:(1)MarktheletterthatcorrespondstotherightanswerintheformattedANSWERSHEETwith2BPENCIL.Sincethemarksarereadbycomputer,answersinthisquestionsheetwillnotbecollected.(2)Foronequestion,onlyoneletterispermittedtobedarkened,otherwise,itwillberecognizeaswrongbythecomputer.(3)DonotforgettomarkyourstudentIDnumberandwriteinyourname.1.BacteriathatlackcellwallsanddonotsynthesizetheprecursorsofpeptidoglycanarecalledA.SpirochetesB.ChlamydiaeC.MycoplasmasD.LformsE.Bacilli2.EachofthefollowingisatypicalpropertyofobligateanaerobeEXCEPTA.TheygenerateenergybyusingthecytochromesystemB.TheygrowbestintheabsenceofairC.TheylacksuperoxidedismutaseD.TheylackcatalaseE.Tetanusiscausedbyatypicalobligateanaerobe3..Whichoneofthefollowingagentslacksnucleicacid?A.BacteriaB.VirusesC.ViroidsD.PrionsE.Protozoa4.Whichoneofthefollowingmostcorrectlydescribesvaccinescontaininglive,attenuated(weaken)pathogens?A.PathogendoesnotmultiplyinhumanhostsB.Theyprovideextended,sometimeslife-longimmunityC.ThereisnopossibilityforreversiontopathogenicformD.Theyprovidelittlecell-mediatedimmunityE.Theyareadministeredbyinjection5.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthekillingofbacteriaiscorrectEXCEPTA.A70%solutionofethanolkillsmoreeffectivelythanabsolute(100%)ethanolB.Anautoclaveusessteamunderpressuretoreachthekillingtemperatureof121oCC.ThepasteurizationofmilkkillspathogensbutallowsmanyorganismsandsporestosurviveD.IodinekillsbycausingtheformationofthyminedimersinthebacterialDNAE.Ultravioletiswidelyusedtodisinfecttheairofaroom6.ApatientpresentswithseverecolitisassociatedwithanovergrowthofClostridiumdifficile(艰难梭菌)inthelowerbowel.ThemostlikelycauseofthisconditionisA.botulinumfoodpoisoningB.astomachulcerC.acompromisedimmunesystemD.abtibiotictherapyE.mechanicalblockageofthelargeintestine7.ThegrowthrateofbacteriaduringtheexponentialphaseofgrowthisA.ZeroB.IncreasingC.ConstantD.DecreasingE.Negative8. AprincipalcriterionforthediagnosisofmeningococcalmeningitisisobservationofbacteriainasampleofA.urineB.spinalfluidC.salivaD.throatswabE.sputum9.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpeptidoglycaniscorrectEXCEPTA.IthasabackbonecomposedofalternatingunitsofmuramicacidandacetylglucosamineB.Cross-linksbetweenthetetrapeptidesinvolveD-alanineC.Itisthinneringram-positivethaningram-negativecellsD.ItcanbedegradedbylysozymeE.Itcanbedegradedbypenicillin10.EachofthefollowingisatypicalpropertyofobligateanaerobeEXCEPTA.TheygenerateenergybyusingthecytochromesystemB.TheygrowbestintheabsenceofairC.TheylacksuperoxidedismutaseD.TheylackcatalaseE.Tetanusiscausedbyatypicalobligateanaerobe11.TheeffectsofantibodyonbacteriaincludeeachofthefollowingEXCEPTA.Lysisofgram-negativebacteriainconjunctionwithcomplementB.AugmentationofphagocytosisC.IncreaseinthefrequencyoflysogenyD.InhibitionofadherenceofbacteriatomucosalsurfacesE.Neutralizeexotoxins12.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningexotoxinsiscorrectEXCEPTA.ExotoxinsarepolypeptidesB.ExotoxinsaremoreeasilyinactivatedbyheatthanareendotoxinsC.ExotoxinsarelesstoxicthanthesameamountofendotoxinsD.ExotoxinscanbeconvertedtotoxoidsE.Exotoxinsareusuallycomposedoftwosubunitsincludingbindingsubunitandactivesubunit13.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthekillingofbacteriaiscorrectEXCEPTA.A70%solutionofethanolkillsmoreeffectivelythanabsolute(100%)ethanolB.Anautoclaveusessteamunderpressuretoreachthekillingtemperatureof121oCC.ThepasteurizationofmilkkillspathogensbutallowsmanyorganismsandsporestosurviveD.IodinekillsbycausingtheformationofthyminedimersinthebacterialDNAE.Ultravioletiswidelyusedtodisinfecttheairofaroom14.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenormalfloraiscorrectEXCEPTA.ThenormalfloraofthecolonconsistspredominantlyofanaerobicbacteriaB.ThepresenceofthenormalflorapreventscertainpathogensfromcolonizingtheupperrespiratorytractC.Fungi,eg,yeasts,arenotmembersofthenormalfloraD.OrganismsofthenormalfloraarepermanentresidentsofthebodysurfacesE.Normalfloramayoccasionallycausediseases15.ThegrowthrateofbacteriaduringtheexponentialphaseofgrowthisA.ZeroB.IncreasingC.ConstantD.DecreasingE.Nagtive16.Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingviruscharacteristrue?A．VirusesreplicatebybinaryfissionB．AllRNAvirusesaresphericalinshapeC．Helicalnucleocapsidsarefoundwithsingle-strandedDNAvirusesD．SomeviruseswithDNAgenomescontainaprimitivenucleus.E．Viralsurfaceproteinsprotecttheviralgenomefromnucleases17.A40-year-oldwomanisdiagnosedwithcervicalcancer.Thiscanceriscommonworldwideandhasasexuallytransmittedviraletiology.Thecausativeagentsofhumancervicalcancerinclude:A.HCVB.HBVC.HIVD.HPV,low-risktypes6and16.E.HPV,high-risktypes16and18.18.WhichoneofthefollowingvirusespossessesanRNAgenomethatisinfectiouswhenpurified?A.InfluenzavirusB.PoliovirusC.PapillomavirusD.MeaslesvirusE.Rotavirus这样的题离实际有点远19.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutendocytosisinviralentryistrue:A.hostplasmamembranesurroundswholevirionandformsavesicleB.hostplasmamembranesurroundsonlyviralproteincoatandformsavesicleC.hostplasmamembranesurroundsonlyviralnucleicacidandformsavesicleD.viralspikesfusewithhostplasmamembraneE.hostplasmamembranesurroundsonlyviralspikesandformsavesicle20.Thetype-specificantigen(A,B,orC)ofinfluenzavirusesisfoundonwhichviralconstituent?A.HemagglutininB.NeuraminidaseC.NucleocapsidD.PolymerasecomplexE.Majornonstructuralprotein21.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoquantitatetheinfectioustiterofviruses?A.ElectronmicroscopyB.PolymerasechainreactionC.PlaqueassayD.EnzymeimmunoassayE.Hemagglutination22.Amiddle-agedmancomplainedofacuteonsetoffever,nausea,andpainintherightupperabdominalquadrant.Therewasjaundice,anddarkurinehadbeenobservedseveraldaysearlier.AlaboratorytestwaspositiveforHAVIgMantibody.ThephysiciancantellthepatientthatA.HeprobablyacquiredtheinfectionfromarecentbloodtransfusionB.Hedoesnotneedtoworryabouttodevelopchronichepatitis.C.Thereislesspossibilitytotransmittheinfectiontofamilymembersbyperson-to-personspreadforupto2weeks.D.HewillberesistanttoinfectionwithhepatitisB.E.Hewillbeathighriskofdevelopinghepatocellularcarcinoma23.Thepresenceinneuronsofeosinophiliccytoplasmicinclusionbodies,calledNegribodies,ischaracteristicofwhichofthefollowingcentralnervoussysteminfections?A.HerpesvirusinfectionB.RabiesC.Subacutesclerosingpanencephalitis(SSPE)D.NewvariantCreutzfeldt-JakobdiseaseE.Postvaccinalencephalitis24.WhenHSVisnotactiveinthebody,whathappenstoit?A.Itliesdormantintheliver.B.Itliesdormantinsidenervecells.C.Itiseliminatedfromthebody.D.Itliesdormantinthelung.E.Noneoftheabove.25.Ebolavirusishighlyvirulenttohumans.Thefollowingfactsarecorrectexcept:A.StudyinglivevirusneedsBSL-2toBSL-4(biosafetylaboratory).B.Thevirusmaybetransmittedbydirectcontactofbodyfluidamonghumans.C.Thevirusmaybetransmittedfrombattohumans.D.Theviruscancausehemorrhageandhighfever.E.Thevirusisfilamentshaped.26.KillingoflivercellsinfectedwithHBVisprimarilycausedby:A.Shut-offofcellularproteinsynthesis.B.Degradation(降解)ofcellularmRNA.C.AttackbycytotoxicTlymphocytesdirectedagainstHBVantigens.D.CellulargenomerearrangementanddeletioninducedbyHBVinfection.E.Noneoftheabove.27.InfectiousBSE(bovinespongiformencephalitis)agentcanbedetectedinamyloidplaques(淀粉样蛋白斑)ininfectedbrainsofcows.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsregardingitsnucleicacidtypesiscorrect?A.Negative-sense,single-strandedRNA.B.Nodetectablenucleicacid.C.DNAcopyofRNAgenome,integratedinmitochondrialDNA.D.Single-stranded,circularDNA.E.SmallinterferingRNA,smallestknowninfectiousRNA.28.The“asymptomaticperiod”followingtheinitialacuteHIV-1infectionischaracterizedby:A.HighlevelsofHIVreplicationinlymphoidtissue.B.HighlevelsofHIVreplicationinperipheralTcells.C.Inabilityoftheimmunesystemtorespondtoantigenstimulation.D.AbsenceofdetectableHIVgenomesormRNAinperipheralTcells.E.Highlevelsoffreevirusintheblood.29.Thefollowingvirusesarehighlyassociatedwithcarcinogenesis,except:A.HTLVB.HBVC.HCVD.HPVE.HEV30.BothBurkittlymphomaandinfectiousmononucleosisarecausedbywhatvirus?A.CytomegalovirusB.Epstein-BarrvirusC.Varicella-zostervirusD.Herpessimplex-1E.Adenovirus31.Whichofthefollowingcomponentsarefoundinthecellwallsofgram-positivebacteriabutnotgram-negativebacteria?A.PeptidoglycanB.LipopolysaccharideC.LipoproteinsD.TeichoicacidE.Outermembrane32.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningplasmidsistrue?A.AllplasmidscanbetransferredbetweenbacteriabyconjugationB.MuchoftheinformationcodedintheplasmidisessentialtothesurvivalofthebacterialcellC.ResistanceplasmidscarrygenesforantibioticresistanceD.ResistanceplasmidscannotbetransferredtootherbacterialcellsE.Plasmidslackanoriginofreplication33.A48-oldwomanpresentedattheemergencyroomcomplainingofurinaryurgency(尿急)andwaistpain.Microscopicexaminationofaurinesamplerevealedram-negativerods.Priortoinitiationofantibioticstherapy,sheabruptlydevelopedfeverandchills.Hypotension(lowbloodpressure)andhyperventilationrapidlyfollowed.TheseobservationssuggestthatthepatientisrespondingtothereleaseofbacterialA.collagenaseB.exotoxinC.hyaluronidaseD.lipopolysaccharideE.peptidoglycan34.MostmicroorganismspathogenicforhumansgrowbestinthelaboratorywhenculturesareincubatedatA.15–20oCB.20–30oCC.30–37oCD.38–50oCE.50–55oC35.TheformofgeneticexchangeinwhichdonorDNAisintroducedtotherecipientbyabacterialvirusisA.TransformationB.ConjugationC.TransductionD.Transfection（转染）E.Mutation36.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningendotoxinsiscorrectEXCEPTA.EndotoxinsaremorestableonheatingthanexotoxinsB.Endotoxinsbindtospecificcellreceptors,whereasexotoxinsdonotC.Endotoxinsarepartofthebacterialcellwall,whereasexotoxinsarenotD.EndotoxinsarelesstoxicthanexotoxinsofthesameweightamountE.ThetoxiccomponentofendotoxinsislipidA37.Whichofthefollowingisappropriatetodeterminetheetiologicdiagnosisofinfection?A.CultureandidentificationoftheagentB.PCRdetectionofpathogen-specificgenesinpatients’specimensC.Demonstrationofameaningfulantibodyorcell-mediatedimmuneresponsetoaninfectiousagentD.MorphologicidentificationoftheagentinstainsofspecimensorsectionsoftissuesbylightorelectronmicroscopyE.Alloftheabove38.ThegrowthrateofbacteriaduringtheexponentialphaseofgrowthisA.ZeroB.IncreasingC.ConstantD.DecreasingE.Negative39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Mycobacteriumtuberculosisproducesalipopolysaccharide.B.RickettsiaandShigellasonneiarebothmembersoftheEnterobacteriacae..C.Enterobacteriaceaedonotcauseopportunisticinfections.D.HelicobacterpyloricancausestomachulcersE.Pathogensnevercarryoutautolysis(selfdigestion)thisisoneofthereasonstheyaresovirulent.40.Clostridiumtetanigrowsina/an_____environment.A.acidicB.anaerobicC.highoxygenD.aerobicE.highosmoticPartIIBlankFilling(20blanks1point=20pts)Instruction:Writetheanswersintheanswersheets.Youdonotneedtorewritethequestionsintheanswersheets,justwritetheanswerafterthequestionnumber.1.Basicstructureofvirusincludes________,Polymerasesand________;Specialstructureofvirusincludes_________and_________.2.Inabacteriumcell,thereareseveralgeneticmaterials,including_________,_________,and________.3.Somebacteriacanbetransmittedthroughsexualroute.Theyare________,________,and__________.4.Thegeneralstepsinviralreplicationcyclesare:(1)________,________,and________.(2)________.(3)assemblyand________5.Pleaselist5viralpathogensthatmaycausesexually-transmittedinfections(STI)______,________,________,________,and________.PartIIIAnswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly(55point=25pts)Instruction:(1)Writetheanswersintheanswersheets.Youdonotneedtorewritethequestionsintheanswersheets,justwritetheanswerafterthequestionnumber.(2)Aconciseanswertoexactlymeetthequestionispreferable,forexample,givealistofthekeypoints.Youdon’tneedtowriteanessay.Staphylociccusaureusproducesvariousvirulentfactorsincludingenzymesandtoxinsthatcauseinjuriesanddiseasesinhumanbeings.Pleasewriteatleastfiveofthesevirulentfactors.Tetanusiscausedbyclostridiumtetaniwhenanopendeepinjuryhappens.ifthereissomeonewithaninjury,whatshouldwedotopreventtetanus?Pleaseanalyzethepossiblemechanismsforinfluenzavirusantigenicshiftandtheoutcomes.Describethetypesofhepatitisviruses,transmissionroutesandtherelationwithHCC.Depictthecommoninfectioncharacteristicsforherpesvirusesbyexamples,please.PartⅣCaseQuestions(7pts+8pts=15pts)Instruction:(1)Writetheanswersintheanswersheets.Youdonotneedtorewritethequestionsintheanswersheets,justwritetheanswerafterthequestionnumber.(2)Aconciseanswertoexactlymeetthequestionispreferable.Pleasedescribethedifferencesofattenuatedvaccinesandkilledvaccinesintermsoftheinoculationmethods,inoculationtimes,protectiveperiod,antibodytypes,andstorage.(7pts)PleaseexplaintheclinicalsignificanceofHBVserologicmarkesinpatientswithhepatitis.(8pts)