计算机科学引论课后题原文课件

23页Acommontermthatdescribesthecombinationoftraditionalcomputerandcommunicationtechnologiesismanagementofinformationsystemsb.informationtechnologyc.informationsuperhighwayd.computercompetency2.Proceduresaretypicallydocumentedinmanualswrittenbya.endusersc.Microsoftb.computerspecialistsd.serviceproviders3.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofconnectivity?a.Internetb.floppydiskc.powercordd.dala4.WindowsXP,WindowsVista,andMacintoshOSXareallexamplesofa.applicationsoftwareb.operatingsystemsc.browsersd.shareware5.becauseoftheirsizeandcost,thesecomputersarerelativelyrare.a.minicomputersb.maintramecomputersc.microcomputersd.supercomputers6.ThesystemcomponentthatcontrolsandmanipulatesdatainordertoproduceInformationiscalledthea.monitorb.mousec.keyboardd.microprocessor7.AsystrmcomponentthattranslatesdataandprogramsthathumanscanunderstandIntoaformthatthecomputercanprocessiscalleda(n)a.inputdeviceb.pointerc.outputdeviced.display8.ACDisanexampleofa(n)a.outputdeviceb.floppydiskc.opticaldiscd.harddisk9.Ifyouwanttocommunicateamessageorpersuadeotherpeople,youwouldtypicallya.worksheetb.documentc.databased.presentation10.ManyexpertsarepredictingthatthisrevolutionissexpectedtodramaticallyaffecttheWaywecommunicateandusecomputertechnology.a.FTPb.WorldWideWebc.Telnetd.wireless24页a.microcomputersb.opticaldiscsc.outputdeviced.primarystoragee.proceduresf.programg.secondary,storageh.supercomputersi.systemsoftwarej.theInternetGuidelinespeoplefollowwhenusingsoftware.__IConsistsofthestep-by-stepinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodoitswork.3.Softwarethatenablestheapplicationsoftwaretointeractwiththecomputerhardware.4.Themostpowerfultypeofcomputer.5.Theleastpowerfulandmostwidelyusedtypeofcomputer.6.Translatesdataandprogramsthathumanscanunderstandintoaformthatthecomputercanprocess.7.Holdsdataandprogramsevenafterelectricalpowertothesystemhasbeenturnedoff.8.Useslasertechnology.__9.Holdsdataandprograminstructionsforprocessingdata10.Thelargestnetworkintheworld.55页TheInternetwaslaunchedm1969whentheUnitedStatesfundedaprojectthatdevelopednationalcomputernetworkcalledR.AARPNETb.CERNETc.CERNd.ARPANET2._____isthemostpopular"lnternetactivity.a,communicationb.shoppingc.searchingd.entertainment3.A(n)____programprovidesaccesstoWebresources.a.Webb.ISPc,browserd.URL4.Rulesforexchangingdatabetweencomputersarecalleda.programsb.proceduresc.protocolsd.hyperlinks5.Theofthedomainnamefollowingthedot(.)isthetopdomain,a.levelb.linkc.locatord.language6.____toaddinterestandactivitytoaWebsitebypresentinganimationDisplayinggraphics,providinginteractivegames,andmore.a.Appletsb.Botsc.Plug-insd.Spiders7.unwantede-mailsarecalleda.spamb.junkc.flamed.lurk8.Programsthatsubmityoursearchrequesttoseveralsearchenginesa.metasearchenginesb.searchenginesc.spidersd.hits9.______cashistheInternet'sequivalenttotraditionalcasha.Universalb.Webc.Premiumd.Digital10.TheseprogramsallowparentsaswellasorganizationstoblockOUlselectedsitesanda.plug-insb.filtersc.FTPd.WAIS56页a.cardersbdigitalcashc.e-commerced.headere.hitsr.metasearchengineg.plug-inh.reunitingi.URLsj.Webauction1.AddressesofWebresources._2.Partofane-mailmessagethatincludesthesubjectaddress,andattachments.3.Programthatstartsandoperatesaspartofabrowser.__4.Thelistofsitesthatcontainthekeywordsearch.5.Programthatautomaticallysubmitsasearchrequesttoseveralsearchenginessimultaneously.6.BuyingandsellinggoodsovertheInternet.7.Typeofsocialnetworkingsitethatreconnectspeoplewhohavelosttouchwithoneanother.8.Similartoatraditionalauction,butbuyersandsellerstypicallyinteractonlyontheWeb.9.Criminalsthatspecializeinstealing,trading,andusingstolencreditcardsovertheInternet.10.Internetequivalenttotraditionalcash.87页Thistypeofsoftwareworkswithendusers,applicationsoftware,andcomputerhardwaretohandlethemajorityoftechnicaldetails.a.communicationsoftwareb.applicationsoftwarec.Websoftwared.systemsoftware2.____arenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.a.Basicapplicationsb.Utilityprogramsc.Specializedapplicationsd.Businesssuites3.Thisprimarypurposeofthistypeofsoftwareistocreatetext-baseddocuments.a.Webdevelopmentb.wordprocessingc.spreadsheetd.presentation4.Organiztionscreatenewsletters,manuals,andbrochureswiththistypeofsoftware.a.presentationb,graphicsc.spreadsheetd.wordprocessing5.Letters,memos,termpapers,reports,andcontractsareallexamplesofa..menusb.modelsc.spreadsheetsd.documents6.Numbersandformulasenteredinacellarecalleda..numericentriesb.intersectionc.labelsd.text7.TheacronymDBMSstandsforwhat?a.documentbindermanagementsystemb.databasemanagementsystemc.double-blindmanagementsetupd.dambindingandmarketingstructure8.Database____areprimarilyusedtoenternewrecordsandtomakechangestoexistingrecords.a.tableb.formsc.queriesd.reports9.Afilethatincludespredefinedsettingsthatcanbeusedtocreatemanycommontypesofpresentationsiscalledaa.patternb.modelc.templated.blueprint10.A(n)__isasingleprogramthatprovidesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore.a.softwaresuiteb.integratedpackagec.specializedapplicationd.basicapplication88页a.analyticalb.cellc.integratedpackaged.rangee.relationaldatabasef.softwaresuiteg.sorth.spellingcheckeri.what-ifanalysisj.window1.Areathatcontainsadocument,programormessage..2.Typeofgraphorchart.3.Includesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore4.Identifiesincorrectlyspelledwordsandsuggestsalternatives.5.Theintersectionofarowandcolumninaspreadsheet6.Acollectionoftwoormorecellsinaspreadsheet7.Spreadsheetfeatureinwhichchangingoneormorenumbersresultsintheautomaticrecalculationrelatedfields.,,8.Databasestructurethatorganizesdataintorelatedtables.9.Arrangingobjectsnumericallyoralphabetically10.Individualapplicationsthataresoldasagroup115页1.Graphicprogramswidelyusedinthegraphicartsprofessionincludea.desktoppublishingprograms,imageb.artficialintelligence,virtualreality,andillustrationprogramsc.megamediaprograms,imageeditors,anddesktoppublishingprogramsd.virtualreality,desktoppublishingprograms,andillustrationprograms2.Imageeditorsareused'forcreatingandeditinga.bitmapimagesb.vectorimagesc.textd.HTMLcodes3.Protramsusedtocreateormodifyvectorimagesarecalleda.illustrationprogramsb.imageeditorsc.graphicalmodifiersd.bitpublishingpackages4.pagesinamultimediapresentationtypicallyprovide~orconnectionstorelateda.blogsb.linksc.logsd.maps5.whendeterminingtheoverallobjectiveofamultimediaproject,theresourcesrequired,andthepeoplewhowillworkontheproject,youareinthe__step.a.planningb.designingc.creatingd.supporting6.ManyindividualscreatetheirownpersonalsitescalledWeblogs,ora.flobsb.blogsc.budsd.fellows7.Aspecialeffectinwhichoneimageseemstomeltintoanotherisreferredtoasa.driftingb.flashingc.morphingd.polling8.Usercaninteractinafullyimmersed3-Denvironmentusing__a.unstructuredproblemsb.virtualrealityc.VRMLd.robotics9.Fuzzylogicisa.usetorespondtoquestionsinahumanlikewayb.anewprogramminglanguageusedtoprogramanimationc.theresultoffuzzythinkingd.atermthatindicateslogicalvaluesgreaterthanone10.Robotsusedinautomobileplantswouldbeclassifiedasa.perceptionsystemrobotsb.industrialrobotsc.mobilerobotsd,knowledgerobots116页a.AIb.bitmapc.desktoppublishingd.fuzzylogice.graphicalmapf.graphicssuiteg.imageeditorh.morphingi.multimediaJ.vectorimage1.integratesallsortsofmediaintoonepresentation.2.Graphicsprogramforcreatingandeditingbitmapimages.3.Programsusedtocreatemultimediapresentations4.DiagramofaWebsite'soveralldesign5.Programthatallowsyoutomixtextandgraphicstocreatepublicationsofprofessionalquality.6.Groupofgraphicsprogramsofferedatlowercostthanifpurchasedseparately.7.Specialeffectinwhichoneimageseemstomeltintoanother.8.Graphicsfilemadeupofthousandsofpixels9.Graphicsfilemadeupofacollectionofobjects,suchasrectangles,lines,andovals10.Attemptstodevelopcomputersystemsthatmimicorsimulatehumanthoughtprocessesandactions143页Softwarethatallowsyourcomputertointeractwiththeuser,applications,andhardwareiscalleda,applicationsoftwarec,,systemsoftwareb.wordprocessord.databasesoftware2,Inorderforacomputertounderstandaprogram,itmustbeconvertedintomachinelanguagebya(n).a.operatingsystemc.devicedriverb.utilityd.languagetranslator3.~GUI"standsfora.gnutellauniversalinterfacec.graphicaluserinterfaceb.graphicuninstall/installd.genera]utilityinterface4,Toconnectseveralcomputerstogether,onegenerallyneedstoberunninga(n)operatingsystem.Lnetworkc.stand-aloneb.Internetd.embedded$.__isthemostwidelyusedoperatingsystem.a.Windowsc.UNIXb.MacOSd.Linux6.Thisoperatingsystemismostpopularwithgraphicdesignersandthosewhoworkinmultimedia.a.WindowsXPc.MacOSb~Linuxd.UNIX7.Thisoperatingsystemwasoriginallydesignedtorunonminicomputersusedinanetworkenvironment.a,Linuxc.Windowsb.UNIXd.MacOS8,Theseprogramsguardyourcomputeragainstmaliciousprogramsthatmayinvadeyourcomputersystem.Lfilecompressionprogramc.backupprogramb.antivirusprogramtLtroubleshootingprogram9.Aconcentricringonaharddiskisreferredtoasaa,trackc.tableb.,sectord.segment10.Ever).'timethecomputersystemis,,tarred,theoperatingsystemloadstheseintomemory~a.driverupdatesc.devicedriversb,devicemanagersd.Windowsupdates144页a.desktopOSb.embeddedOSc.filecompressionprogramd.Leoparde.Linuxf.multitaskingg.NOSh.platformLsystemsoftwarej.track1.Concentricringonadisk.__2.AversionofMacOsX.__3.Acomputer'sabilitytorunmorethanoneapplicationatatime.4.OperatingsystemscompletelystoredwithinROM.5.Operatingsystemusedtocontrolandcoordinatecomputersthatarelinkedtogether6.Anothernameforsoftwareenvironment.7.Anoperatingsystemlocatedonasinglestand-aloneharddisk.g.Onepopular,andfree,versionoftheUNIXoperatingsystem.9.Collectionofprogramsthathandletechnicaldetails.10.Programthatreducesthesizeoffilesforefficientstorage.174页1'Thecontainerthathousesmostoftheelectroniccomponentsthatmakeacomputer~systemisknownasthea.arithmetic-logicunitc.primarystorageunitb.centralprocessingunitd.systemunit2.Thesmallestunitinadigitalsystemisaa.bytec.wordb.bitd.character3.Thecommunicationsmediumfortheentirecomputersystemisthea.arithmetic-logicunitc.motherboardb.semiconductord.coprocessor4.Theseprovideexpansioncapabilityforacomputersystem.a.socketsc.portsb.slotsd.bays5.The__tellstherestofthecomputerhowtocarryoutaprogram'sinstructions.a.ALUc.systemunitb.controlunitd.motherboard6.A32-bitwordcomputercanaccess__bytesatatime.a.4e.16b.8d.327.Thesechipsarespecificallydesignedtohandletheprocessingrequirementsrelatedtodisplayingandmanipulating3-Dimages.a.graphicscoprocessorsc.controlunitprocessorsb.arithmetic-logicunitprocessorsd.CISCchips8.Thistypeofmemoryimprovesprocessingbyactingasatemporaryhigh-speedholdingareabetweenthememoryandtheCPU.a.RAMc.cachememoryb.ROMd.flashmemory9.isasetofhardwareandsoftwarestandards.a.CPUc.cacheb.PlugandPlayd.ALU10.portsconnectspecialtypesofmusicinstrumentstosoundcards.a.BUSc.USBb.CPUd.MIDIa.buswidlhb.cablesc.controlunitd.expansioncarde.PCcardf.portg.RAMh.smartcardi.systemclockj.systemunit1.Housesmostoftheelectroniccomponentsinacomputersystem--2.Thenumberofbilsthatcantraveldownabusatthesametime3.Tellsthecomputersystemhowtocarryoutaprogram'sinstructions,4.Acreditcard-sizedpieceofplasticwithanembeddedchip.5.VolatilestoragethatholdstheprogramanddatatheCPUiscurrentlyprocessing.6.Producespreciselytimedelectricalbeatsasatimingmechanism.__7.Plugsintoslotsonthesystemboard.8.Creditcardsizedexpansionboardsusedbyportablecomputers.__9.Connectingsocketontheoutsideofthesystemunit.__10.Connectsinputandoutputdevicestothesystemunitviatheports.__207页1,Hardwareusedtotranslatewords,sounds,images,andactions,thatpeopleunderstandintoaformthatthesystemunitcanprocessisknownasa.inputdevicesc.devicereader'~lb.outputdevicesd.devicedrivers2.Thistypeofkeyboardprovidesthegreatestamountofflexibilityandconveniencebyeliminatingcablesconnectedtothesystemunit.a.ergonomickeyboardc.traditionalkeyboardb.wirelesskeyboardd.flexiblekeyboard3.Themouse_usuallyappearsintheshapeofanarrow.a.pointerc.indicatorb.markerd.meter4.Thistypeofpointingdeviceislocatedinthemiddleofthekeyboard.a.joystickc.wirelessb.pointingstickd.lightpen5.Thistypeofpointingdevicehascrisscrossedinvisiblebeamsofinfraredlightthatareprotectedwithaclearplasticouterlayer.a.opticalmousec.pointingstickb.lightpend.touchscreen6.AUniversalProductCodeisreadbywhattypeofscanner?a.barcodec.OCRb.flatbedd.MICR7.~inputdevicesconvertsoundsintoaformthatcanbeprocessedbythesystemunita.Electrolyzingc.WebCarnb.Plottingd.Audio8.Themostimportantcharacteristicofamonitorisitsa.dotpitchc.clarityb.resolutiond.viewablesize9.Whichofthefollowingprintertypesrequiresspecialpaper?a.chainc.ink-jetb.laserd.thermal10.____isaspecializedinputandoutputdeviceforreceivingandsendingvoicecommunication.a.Faxmachinec.Networkterminalb.Internettelephoned.PDA207页a.clarityb.CRTc.dpid.HDTVe.joystickf.stylush.thermalLtoggle].UPC1.Thesekeysturnafeatureonoroff.__2.Apointingdevicewidelyusedforcomputergames.--3.PenlikedevicecommonlyusedwithtabletPCsandPDAs.__4.~ofbarcodeusedinsupermarkets.--5.Referstoqualityandsharpnessofdisplayedimages.6.Typeofmonitorsimilartoatraditionaltelevisionset.7.Monitorsthathaveindependentlyactivatedpixels.__g.Deliversamuchclearerwide-screenpicturethanregulartelevision.--9,Measurementusedtodetermineaprinter'sresolution.10.Printerthatusesheattoproduceimagesonheatsensitivepaper__235页1.Primarystorageisreferredtoas__storage.a.volatilec.directb.sequentiald.nonvolatile2.Theamountoftimerequiredbyastoragedevicetoretrievedataandprogramsisitsa.accessspeedc.memoryb.capacityd.storage3.Howtightlythebitscanbepackednexttooneanotheronadiskisreferredtoasa.tracksc.densityb.sectorsd.configuration4.Thick,rigidmetalplattersthatarecapableofstoringandretrievinginformationatahighrateofspeedareknownasa.harddisksc.cartridgesb.softdisksd.packs5.Thedataonanopticaldiscisrepresentedbyflatareascalledonthediscsurface.a.surfacesc.landsb.flatsd.pits6.ACD-ROMdisca.cannotbeerasedandrewrittenc.holdslessdatathanafloppydiskb.hasmorestoragecapacitythanaCD-Rd.canbewrittentoonlyonce7.DVDstandsfora.digitalvideodatac.digitalversatilediscb.directvideodiscd.directversatiledisc8.Thistypeofstoragedevicehasnomovingparts.a.harddisksc.opticaldiscsb.floppydisksd.solidstate9.Tapeisdescribedasusingthistypeofaccess.a.magneto-opticalc.directb.DVDd.sequential10.Specializedhigh-capacitysecondarystoragedevicedesignedtomeetorganizationaldemandsfordata.a.Blue-Rayc.massstorageb.hidefd.Zipdisk235页a.accessspeedb.filecompressionc.flashmemorycardd.hard-diskpacke.hideff.Internetharddriveh.solid-statestoragei.trackj.Zipdisk1.Atypeofstoragethatisvolatile.--2.Timerequiredtoretrievedataandprograms.--3.Ahigh-capacityfloppydisk.__4.Closedconcentricringonadiskonwhichdataisrecorded.__S.Severalplattersalignedoneabovetheother,allowinggreaterstoragecapacity.__6.Increasesstoragecapacitybyreducingtheamountofspacerequiredtostoredataandprograms7.Storesdataelectronicallyandhasnomovingparts.__8.Solid-statestoragedeviceusedinportablecomputers.__9.Freeorlow-coststorageavailableatspecialserviceWebsites.--10.Thenextgenerationofopticaldiscs.–305页1.Thestandardsofmoralconductthatcontrolhowcomputersareusedarecalleda.ethicsc.securityrequirementsb.lawsd.businessdemand~2.Theethicalissuethatinvolveswhoisabletoreadandusedataisa.accessc.accuracyb.propertyd.privacy3.Twotypesofcookiesare__a.advancedandremedialc.naturalandadnetworkb.traditionalandnaturald.adnetworkandtraditional4.Peoplewhogainunauthorizedaccesstocomputersforthefunofit,butdonotintentionallydodamage,are__a.employeesc.crackersb.hackersd.membersoforganizedcrime5.Aprogramthatmigratesthroughnetworksandoperatingsystemsbyattachingitselftodifferentprogramsanddatabasesisa__a.virusc.denial-of-serviceattackb.wormd.Webbug6.Anattempttoslowdownorstopacomputersystemornetworkbyfloodingthesystemwithrequestsforinformationiscalledaa.virusc.denial-of-serviceattackb.wormd.Trojanhorse7.Secretwordsornumbersusedtogainaccesstoacomputersystemarecalleda.encryptionc.crackersb.codesd.passwords8.Oneofthemorecommontypesoftechnologicalfailuresiswhenyourcomputerexperiencestoomuchelectricity.Thisisknownas__a.aprotectorc.avoltagesurgeb.abrownoutd.energizing9.__isthestudyofhumanfactorsrelatingtothingspeopleusea.EPAc.encryptionb.ergonomicsd.privacy10.ThecomputerindustryresponsetotheEnergyStarprogramisthea.CFCAssociatione.FreedomofInformationActb.EncryptionActd.GreenPC305页a.adnetworkcookiesb.computercrimec.crackerd.DoSe.firewallf.illusionofanonymityg.propertyh,snoopwareiviruscheckersj.wormI.Relatestowhoownsdataandrightstosoftware.__2.Programsthatrecordvirtuallyeveryactivityonacomputersystem.__3.BeliefthatthereislittlethreattopersonalprivacyviatheInternet.__4.MonitorWebactivityandsendrepottstomarketinggroups.--5.Illegalactioninvolvingspecialknowledgeofcomputetechnology.__6.Gainsunauthorizedaccesstoasystemformaliciouspurposes.__7.Fillsacomputersystemwithself-replicatinginformation.8.AnattackthatoverwhelmsWebsiteswithdata,makingtheminaccessible.__9.Programsthatalertuserswhencertainvirusesenterasystem.__10.Securityhardwareandsoftwarethatcontrolsaccesstointernalcomputernetworks.–331页a.DSSb.exceptionreportc.GDSSd.generalledgere.knowledgeWorkersf.MISg.periodicreporth.supervisori.tacticalmodelsJ.TPSI.Managerresponsibleforadministrationandmonitoringworkers2.Systemthatrecordsday-to-daytransactions~3.Computer-basedinformationsystemthatproducesstandardizedreportsinsummarized,structuredform,4.Activitythatproducesincomestatementsandbalancesheetsbasedonalltransactionsofacompany5.Repot1generatedatregularintervals6.Reportthatcallsattentiontounusualevents____7.Flexibletoolforanalysisthathelpsmanagermakedecisionsaboutunstructuredproblems.--8.Systemusedtosupportthecollectiveworkofateamaddressinglargeproblems,--9.Modelsthathelpmiddlemanagerscontroltheworktheorganization.--10.Individualsinvolvedinthecreationofinformation.361页a.datadictionaryb.DBMSenginec.filed.keyfielde.logicalf.multidimensionalg.networkdatabaseh.SOLi.real-timeprocessingj.relationaldatabase1.Endusers~dmostcomputerprofessionalusethisdataview.__2.Acollectionofrecords.3.Thecommonfieldbywhichtablesmadatabasearerelated.4.Processingthatoccurswheredataisprocessedwhenthetransactionoccurs.__5.Softwarerequiredtocreate,modify',andgainaccesstoadatabase.6.Dictionary~ithadescriptionofthedatastructureinadatabase--7.Mostwidelyusedquerylanguage.8.Databasewithhierarchicalarrangementofnodesinwhicheachchildnodemayhavemorethanoneparentnode.__9.Databasestructureinwhichdataisorganizedintorelatedtables.__10.DBMSsu'ucturethatextendsthetwo-dimensionalrelationaldatamodel.–393页1.Inwhichphaseofthesystemslifecycleareinformationneedsidentified?a.preliminaryinvestigationc.systemsimplementationb,systemsdesignd.systemsmaintenance2,Thisphaseofthesystemslifecycleisknownasthe"ongoingphase,"wherethesystemisperiodicallyevaluatedandupdatedasneeded.It.preliminaryinvestigationc.systemsimplementationb,systemsdesignd.systemsmaintenance3.Whichofthefollowingshowslevelsofmanagementandformallinesofauthority?a,organizationchartc.pyramiddiagramb.decisiontabled.gridchart4,Whichofthefollowingisr~0tfoundonadataflowdiagram?a.entitiesc.locationsb.processd.file5.Whichofthefollowingtasksisnotpartofthesystemsdesignphase?a.designingalternativesystemsc.writingasystemsdesignreportb.selectingthebestsystemd.suggestingalternativesolutions6.Determiningifemployees,managers,andclientswillresistaproposednewsystemispartofthisfeasibilitystudy.a.technicalfeasibilityc.organizationalfeasibilityb.economicfeasibilityd.operationalfeasibility7.The__approachconversiontypesimplyinvolvesabandoningtheoldsystemandusingthenewa.directc.phasedb.pilotd.parallel8,Intheimplementationapproach,thenewsystemisbrokendownintosmallerpartsthatareimplementedovertime.a.pilotc.parallelb,directd.phased9.Theongoingtestingandanalysisofanexistingsystemiscalledsystemsa.maintenancec.designb.implementationd,analysis10.Whichofthefollowingisadisadvantagetoprototyping?Lquickuserfeedbackc.difficulttomanageb.lengthydevelopmenttimesd.lackofuserfeedback393页a.dataflowdiagramb.economicfeasibilitye.gridchartd.organizationcharte.phasedapproachf.preliminaryinvestigationg.systemsanal)sisanddesignh.systemsanalystLsystemsdesignreportj.systemsdevelopment1.Six-phaseprocedureforexaminingandimprovinginformationsystems.__2.Computerprofessionalwhostudiesanorganization'ssystems.3.Thefirstphaseofthesystemslifecycle.__4.Chart