全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4_Unit_4_课件

nullD R _ Text 1D R _ Text 1 Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don’t call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., firstIn Search of Davos ManPeter GumbelD R _ Text 2 “National identity makes no difference for me,” he says. “I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn’t matter where you are. That’s globalization.”D R _ Text 2first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. D R _ Text 3D R _ Text 3 Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. “I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn’t change that,” he says. D R _ Text 4 Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, D R _ Text 4D R _ Text 5parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.D R _ Text 5D R _ Text 6D R _ Text 6 As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled “Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite,” Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who “have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, can D R _ Text 7and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite’s global operations.” Huntington argues that Davos Man’s global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates “a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American people.” D R _ Text 7D R _ Text 8D R _ Text 8 Naturally, many Davos Men don’t accept Huntington’s terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. “Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature.” Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, mostD R _ Text 8 However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China’s and India’s door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a “Going Out” policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating “a remarkable environment of innovation,” graduatingmost foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement. D R _ Text 8D R _ Text 9D R _ Text 9says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. “China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S.” That means that U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. “If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing,” says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. “If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”D R _ Text 10D R _ Text 10 The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world. D R _ Text 11 It’s also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workD R _ Text 11workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they’re not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.D R _ Text 12D R _ Text 12 Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world. So he’s focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. “I profit from being French in France. It’s easier for me to do deals,” Sayer says. “It’s the same elsewhere. If you’re not Italian in Italy, you won’t succeed.” D R _ Text 15D R _ Text 15 That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states. Despite tension between its north and south, there’s no contradiction between maintainingmaintaining a regional identity and a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale. D R _ S_ browder now …D R _ S_ browder now …Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets.1. What information can you get from the sentence?Browder is quite a rich businessman and right now there are $1.6 billion worth of assets under at his investment firm.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。D R _ S_ national identity makes …D R _ S_ national identity makes …“National identity makes no difference for me,” he says.Why does Browder say so?Because he doesn’t think he only belongs to the countries he was born, studied, or worked. He shares the history, culture, or language of other countries. He is undoubtedly international.D R _ S_ although browder and mandl…D R _ S_ although browder and mandl…1. How do you understand “not an accident of birth”?not the place of their birth2. Translate the sentence into Chinese虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth.D R _ S_ whatever their…D R _ S_ whatever their…Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.1. Underline the main structure of the sentence.most Davos Men and Women share … one belief: that Globalization,…,is both welcome and unstoppable.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。D R _ S_ this disconnect …D R _ S_ this disconnect …This disconnect, he says, creates “a major cultural fault line.The disconnection forms an important line dividing a culture into two camps, which is likely to cause problems.1. What can we infer from the sentence?Years ago, people loved their country and considered national Identity important.2. Paraphrase the sentenceD R _ S_ if the issue…D R _ S_ if the issue…1. What does “that” refer to?It refers to globalization.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。“If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you’re in the Western world you could question that.”D R _ word _globalization D R _ word _globalization globalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national bordersSome see the spread of English as an international language as just another consequence of globalization.Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.D R _ word _sweep aside1 D R _ word _sweep aside1 sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。They swept all the objections aside.Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.D R _ word _ sweep aside2D R _ word _ sweep aside2Collocation：扫清，迅速消灭sweep away扫掉， 清除sweep out眺望，环视sweep over打扫干净，收拾干净sweep upD R _ word _strengthen D R _ word _strengthen strengthen: vt. become stronger or make strong(er)We must strengthen the weak links.The President’s first priority was to strengthen the economy.D R _ word _asset1D R _ word _asset1asset: n. 1) (usu pl) money or property that a person or company ownsCopyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a company’s intangible assets. 目前，他们的资产有623万美元。Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.2) an advantage or a resourceA sense of humor is an important asset for any teacher.The most powerful asset we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce.D R _ word _ asset2D R _ word _ asset2Collocation：资本/固定资产capital / fixed assets现金资产cash assets流动资产liquid/ circulating/ current assets净资产net assetsD R _ word _make on differenceD R _ word _make on differencemake no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to)That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare which rules we settle upon.姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.D R _ word _identify…as D R _ word _identify…as identify… as: recognize and correctly name someone or sth.His accent identified him as a Frenchman.The policeman identified him as the thief.D R _ word _eliteD R _ word _eliteélite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。These people form an elite who have the power to make decisions.Collocation:political/social/economic elite政治/社会/经济精英Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.D R _ word _a handful of D R _ word _a handful of a handful of: a very small number of people or thingsThat place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.D R _ word _earnest1D R _ word _earnest1earnest: adj. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。You may laugh but I’m in deadly earnest. Collocation:in earnest郑重地，严肃认真Friends described Jackson as an earnest, hard-working young man.D R _ word _earnest2earnest 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。例如: serious 具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。例如: D R _ word _earnest2我们认真考虑安全建议。earnest, serious, severe 这三个形容词均有“严肃的”之意。CF:I could tell she was speaking in earnest.我看得出来她的话是当真的。We give serious consideration to safety recommendations.D R _ word _ earnest3severe 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。例如:D R _ word _ earnest3Many people feel the punishment should have been more severe.许多人认为惩罚本应该更加严厉些。D R _ word _considerable D R _ word _considerable considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be importantAttracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.D R _ word _interconnectD R _ word _interconnectinterconnect: vi. connect to or with each otherOur operating system can now interconnect with other networks.人们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的, 真是不可思议。It’s strange how people’s lives interconnect.D R _ word _advantageousD R _ word _advantageousadvantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successfulMany bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replying.NB: “advantageous” 的名词形式为 “advantage”。与其搭配常用的短语是： “have the advantage of” “有优势”; “take advantage of” “（以不正当手段）利用，占便宜”D R _ word _entitle1D R _ word _entitle1entitle: vt. 1) give a title to 给…题名，给…取名Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.He entitled the book The Secret Garden.She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.D R _ word _ entitle2D R _ word _ entitle2Pattern:be entitled 叫做, 称为 be entitled to (do) sth. 对…享有权利/有资格D R _ word _vanish1 D R _ word _vanish1 vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explainedMy keys were here a minute ago but now they’ve vanished.The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.vanish 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。 disappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。vanish, disappear, evaporate 这三个动词均有“消失”之意。CF:D R _ word _vanish2Drugs won’t make the pain altogether, but they will help. 2. All hopes of finding the boy alive have . 3. Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to . evaporate 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。D R _ word _vanish2vanish, disappear, evaporate 这三个动词均有“消失”之意。CF:Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.disappear_________vanished________evaporate_________D R _ word _vanish3D R _ word _vanish3Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.4. Before she could scream, the man had into the night. 5. 13 year-old Nicola from her home on Saturday night. 6. They then fan the water so that it and in doing so lowers the temperature. 7. By the time of the trial, the tape had mysteriously . disappeared___________vanished________evaporates__________disappeared___________vanish, disappear, evaporateCF:D R _ word _facilitateD R _ word _facilitatefacilitate: vt. make it easier for a process or activity to happenBoth centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication.学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resourcesD R _ word _at odds with 小事，不要紧的东西D R _ word _at odds with at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling withThe government decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation.Briggs found himself at odds with his colleagues.Collocation：矛盾，不一致at odds没有关系，无关紧要it makes no odds占优势take oddsodds and endsD R _ word _be committed toD R _ word _be committed tobe committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted toA lot of money has been committed to this project.中国承诺发展低碳经济。China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.D R _ word _endorse D R _ word _endorse endorse: vt. give support or approval toThe Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.Collocation：赞成提议/想法/候选人endorse a proposal / an idea/a candidate背书支票endorse a chequeD R _ word _erase1D R _ word _erase1erase: vt. remove by or as if by rubbing, wipe out没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world.erase 指 “把写的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”, 用于比喻意义时, 指“从记忆中抹去”, 例如: erase, delete 这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。CF:He erased the wrong answer and wrote in the right one. 他擦去了错误, 写上了正确答案。D R _ word _erase2erase 指 “把写的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”, 用于比喻意义时, 指“从记忆中抹去”, 又如： delete 指“去掉、擦掉(字迹等)”、“勾掉、删掉(字句等)”, 例如:D R _ word _erase2没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。erase, delete 这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。CF:Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.如果你删去几个字, 我们可把整个故事写在一页上。If you delete several words, we can put the whole story on one page.D R _ word _accelerateD R _ word _accelerateaccelerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.D R _ word _forefront 跃居最前列D R _ word _forefront forefront: n. the foremost part or areaThe company has always been at the forefront of science and technology.Companies compete to stay at the forefront of research and development.Collocation：位于最前列，成为领导力量at / in /t o the forefront (of sth)使…保持在最前列keep sb/sth at/in/tocome into/toD R _ word _witness The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.D R _ word _witness witness: 1. vt. be present and seeThe crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach.2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happenedPolice have appealed for witnesses to come forward.20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.D R _ word _beat a path to1D R _ word _beat a path to1beat a path to/ beat down sb’s door: if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in sth. you are selling, a service you are providing, etc.现在她已经成名, 她家门庭若市。Now that she has become famous, all sorts of people will be beating a path to her door.The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.D R _ word _ beat a path to2D R _ word _ beat a path to2Pattern:beat a path to / beat down sb’s door 门庭若市 beat a big drum for / about 为…鼓吹，为… 大肆宣传 beat a bargain 还价成交D R _ word _remarkable1 D R _ word _remarkable1 remarkable: adj. unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praiseClark did a remarkable job setting things up for the meeting.She has made remarkable progress.remarkable 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。 outstanding 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。 striking