电脑不启动诊断（The computer does not start the diagnosis）

电脑不启动诊断（The computer does not start the diagnosis） 电脑不启动诊断(The computer does not start the diagnosis) Computer does not start fault diagnosis and treatment Know the process of starting a computer In many computer failures, unable to start properly is the most user headache. The author has long been engaged in the maintenance of computer work, and has accumulated some experience in this field. Now I will sort out these experiences and share them with my friends. This article will be based on home computer and Windows98 operating system, introduced the computer can not properly start the diagnosis and treatment of failure. In order to accurately diagnose the computer does not start trouble, first to understand the process of starting, when we press the power switch, the power to the motherboard and other equipment of the power supply, the voltage is not completely stable, motherboard control chipset based on CMOS in CPU frequency setting sends a Reset to CPU (reset) signal. Let CPU initialization voltage completely stable after the chip group removed Reset signal, CPU immediately from the address FFFF0H to execute a jump instruction, jump to the startup code at the real system in BIOS. System BIOS first thing to do is to do POST (Power, On, Self, Test, plus power self-test). POST's main task is to detect some of the key system equipment (power supply, CPU chip, BIOS chip, chip timer, data transceiver logic circuit, DMA controller, interrupt controller and basic 64K memory and memory refresh circuit etc.) and whether the existence of the normal work, such as memory and graphics etc.. Check after the BIOS system will find the display card BIOS, by BIOS to complete the graphics display card initialization, display to display, since then, the system with the operation conditions of the most basic, can make a diagnosis and testing of other parts of the motherboard, to find fault, will prompt on the screen, but generally do not crash, then BIOS will detect the type of CPU and the working frequency, and then start the test host memory capacity of all, after the memory test system, BIOS will start some standard hardware equipment installed in the detection system, these devices include: hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy drive device, serial interface and parallel interface connection and the relevant parameters, most of the new version of the BIOS system in this process will automatically detect and set the hard disk parameters and memory access mode. When the standard device is tested, the plug and play code within the system BIOS will begin detecting and configuring the installed plug and play devices in the system. Each time a device is found, the system BIOS displays the name and type of the device on the screen, as well as resources such as interrupts, DMA channels and I/O ports for the device. Finally, the system BIOS will update ESCD (Extended, System, Configuration, Data, and expand system configuration data). When the ESCD data is updated, the startup code for the system BIOS will carry on its last task, starting from the floppy disk, hard disk, or drive, in accordance with the user specified boot sequence. To start from the C system as an example, BIOS will read and execute the master boot record on the hard disk master boot record, then from the partition table to find the first active partition, and then read and execute the activities of the partition boot record and partition boot record will be responsible for reading and executing IO.SYS, this is the most basic Windows file system. IO.SYS must first initialize some important system data, and then shows that we are familiar with the blue sky and white clouds, under this picture, Windows will continue to be part of DOS and GUI (graphical user interface) and guide the initialization section, all ended smoothly, the computer is often start. Diagnosis and treatment based on malfunction Understand the process of computer startup, the fault is good to judge, and below we start on the basis of the phenomenon of diagnosis and treatment: Phenomenon 1: the system can not be activated at all. The power indicator is not visible and the sound of the cooling fan is not heard. At this time, basically can be identified as part of the power failure, power line and check whether electricity sockets, motherboard power plug is connected to the UPS, whether the normal power supply, and then check if the power fails, the simplest method is to replace the, However, it is impossible for an ordinary user to have spare parts such as power supply at home, so you can try to use the following method: The first hard drive, CPU fan, or even CDROM, then the ATX motherboard power plug with a wire connecting the two pin (the side protruding plug to himself, pin fourth from the left upper and lower pin third from right, the direction must be correct, then the power switch ATX) open and if the power supply fan rotation, that the power supply is normal, otherwise damage the power supply. If there is no problem with the power supply, connect the jumper of the power switch on the main board directly. If normal, the power switch of the case panel is damaged. Phenomenon two: power indicator light, fan turn, but there is no obvious system action. If this situation occurs should first check whether CPU stuck or replace CPU in the new computer assembly, and damage the computer is using CPU is relatively rare (except for man-made damage), damaged more generally with burnt smell, if just upgraded BIOS or CIH suffered a virus attack, the damage to consider BIOS (BIOS damage is rather baffling), BIOS method to repair many magazines are introduced will not repeat; confirmed that CPU and BIOS no problem, it is necessary to consider the problem of setting CMOS, if the CPU frequency is set incorrectly will appear this kind of failure, the solution is to remove the CMOS information, not only to CMOS discharge, general board has a jumper CMOS discharge, if you can not find the jumper can CMOS take off the battery, discharge time of not less than 5 minutes, and then restore the jumper Original or reinstall the battery; if CPU, BIOS and CMOS have no problem but also consider the power problem: power PC machine has a special output signal, called POWER GOOD (PG) signal, if the low level PG signal duration is not enough or not low time, PC will not start. If the PG signal is low all the time, the PC system is always in reset. At this time, PC machine also appear black screen, silent sound and crash phenomenon. But this requires professional maintenance tools and some maintenance experience, therefore, recommended replacement method; the power is no problem to check whether there is short circuit, to ensure that the motherboard surface with metal (especially the fixed point of contact box). The motherboard and power out of the chassis, on the insulator surface, if we can start, that the motherboard has short circuit phenomenon; if it does not start to consider the motherboard, motherboard failure is more complex, you can use the replacement method to confirm, and then replace the motherboard. Three phenomena: the power indicator light, the system can start, but was stopped in the system initialization, and can hear the horn sound (no video): according to the beep codes can determine the fault location. Ccid_page/ Award BIOS 1 short sound: explain system normal start. Show that the machine is ok. 2 short note: indicates the CMOS settings error and resets the incorrect option. 1 long 1 short: instructions memory or motherboard error, change a memory bar try. 1 long 2 short: indicates the monitor or the display card has the mistake. Check whether the card and monitor plugs are in good contact or replace the video cards and monitors with the replacement method. 1 long 3 short: instructions keyboard controller error, should check the main board. 1 long 9 short: indicate motherboard Flash, RAM, EPROM error or BIOS damage, replace Flash RAM. Repeat short sound: explain motherboard power problem. Uninterrupted long sound: indicates that the system detected memory problems, reinstall memory or replace new memory, and try again. AMI BIOS 1 short: the memory refresh failed. Change memory bar. 2 short: instructions memory ECC than error. In CMOS, the option for memory ECC verification is set to Disabled or to replace memory. 3 short: the system basic memory check failed. Swap memory. 4 short: indicating system clock error. Replace chips or CMOS batteries. 5 short: indicate CPU error. Check if CPU is plugged in. 6 short: explain keyboard controller error. The main board should be checked. 7 short: the system real mode error, can not switch to protection mode. 8 short: instructions for memory errors. Show memory problems, try replacing video cards. 9 short: explain BIOS chip inspection and error. 1 long 3 short: indicate memory error. Memory corruption, replace. 1 long 8 short: instructions display test error. The monitor data line is not plugged in or the display card is not plugged in. Phenomenon four: the system can start, there are video, there is a fault prompt, then you can prompt to determine the location of the fault. Here are some common troubleshooting tips: First, prompt "CMOS Battery State Low"" Reason: CMOS parameters are missing, sometimes can be started, use a period of time after the crash, this phenomenon is mostly caused by insufficient CMOS power supply. Different measures are adopted for different CMOS power supply modes: 1. welded batteries: soldering a new battery with a soldering iron; 2. button batteries: direct replacement; 3. chip type: replace this chip, it is best to use the same type of chip replacement. If you replace the battery after the time is not long and the same phenomenon, it may be the motherboard leakage, can check on the motherboard or diode capacitor is damaged, can also use battery jumper, but all need to have some basis to complete hardware maintenance. Two, prompt "CMOS Checksum Failure"" BIOS test and reading errors in CMOS; "CMOS System Option Not Set tips, CMOS system is not set;" CMOS Display Type Mismatch "prompt, CMOS display settings and the measured type is not consistent; that" CMOS Memory Size Mismatch ", the main memory and the CMOS on the motherboard installed in different tip;" CMOS Time & Date Not Set ", the time and date in CMOS is not set. All this needs to be reset to CMOS. Three, prompt "Keyboard Interface Error" after the crash The reason: the motherboard keyboard interface cannot use, unplug the keyboard, and then re insert the system can start normally, after a period of time the keyboard does not respond, this phenomenon is mainly caused by the multiple keyboard keyboard interface board plug loose, remove the motherboard with an electric iron welding is good; it may be charged by keyboard. An insurance board broke resistance (marked Fn things on the motherboard), put on a 1 ohm / 0.5 watt resistor. Four 、 the self-test process is interrupted at xxxK Cache This indicates that the Cache on the motherboard is corrupted and can be excluded by setting the External Cache item as "Disable" in the CMOS setting. Similarly, in the self-test motherboard parts interrupt, you can think that the components damaged, the solution can generally be shielded in the CMOS, if you can not shield this component, it is best to replace the motherboard. Five, prompt "FDD Controller Failure"" BIOS cannot exchange information with the floppy drive; prompt HDD Controller Failure; BIOS cannot exchange information with the hard disk drive. Check the FDD (HDD) control card and cable. Six, prompt "8042 Gate A20 Error"" 8042 chip is broken; hint "DMA Error", DMA controller is bad. This kind of fault needs replacing. Seven, prompt "Display Switch Not Proper"" The display mode jumper on the motherboard is set incorrectly, re jumper. Eight, prompt "Keyboard, is, Lock... Unlock it"" The keyboard is locked, the lock is unlocked, and the system is rebooted. Nine, IDE interface device detection information is: "Detecting, Primary (or Secondary), Master (or Slave)... None"" Indicates that the IDE interface has not found the hard disk. If the IDE port does have a hard disk, the hard disk is not connected or the hard disk is defective. You can check it from the following aspects: 1, hard disk power line and data line is bad contact?, Or try another line; 2, CMOS settings error, enter CMOS, "Primary Master", "Primary Slave", "Secondary Master" three items of "TYPE" are set to "Auto""; 3, the replacement method to confirm the hard disk itself is faulty. Ten, IDE interface device detection information, below shows "Floppy disk (s) fail (40)" error information Indicates the problem with the floppy disk drive specified by CMOS. The method of judgment and resolution is similar to that of hard disk. Phenomenon five: the system can not boot. This failure is generally not a serious problem, but in the system is used to guide the driver found not found in the boot file, for example: BIOS boot drive setting floppy disk drive in the front row, and the floppy drive and put no boot system floppy disk or BIOS boot driver setting CD-ROM in the front row hard disk drive, and CD-ROM and put no guide system for CD, this is very simple, will remove the CD or floppy disk can be met, "Disk Boot Failure Insert System Disk application, And Press Enter" message, most are for this reason. If the hard disk can not boot, there are generally two cases: one is the hard disk data line is not inserted, and the other is the hard disk data corruption. The former generally appear hard disk capacity detection is not correct and boot when the phenomenon of crashes; the latter is simply unable to find the boot file or prompt file damage. The former only needs to reconnect the data line; the latter needs to start with the Win98 startup floppy disk or the boot disk, according to the actual situation: A prompt "Invalid partition table", or "Not Found any [active partition] in HDD Disk Boot Failure, Insert System Disk And Press Enter", it can not find the hard disk partition on the hard disk activity, need to re partition. Two, prompt "Miss operation syste", indicating that the hard disk active partition needs to be re formatted (format, c:/s). Three, prompt "Invalid, system, disk, the, disk, and, then, any, key, Replace" or show "Starting Windows 98" press..." When the crash, the system files on the hard disk is lost or damaged, the use of "sys c:" command transfer system files to the C drive, then copy the Command.com to C. Phenomenon six: hard disk can boot, but Windows can not start properly, and can not enter the safe mode. This situation shows that Windows 98 has made serious mistakes, first of all, with anti-virus software to kill the virus, to see if the virus is caused, if not found in the virus, you can try the following methods. A direct interface card and various peripherals are set aside, and then plug back and adjust the interface card settings (if you can) to check whether it is a hardware conflict, whether can boot into the normal Windows. Two, check whether the settings in the CMOS is incorrect, if not clear, you can choose Load Bios Default project, and then restart, boot to see whether normal access to Windows. Three, press the F8 key at boot time, generally there will be 6 options (if installed DOS6.22 there are 7 options) choose Fourth "step by step confirmation" into a single step operation, the selection of treatment methods according to crash command: 1, the implementation of the "Process the system registry" computer crashes, that registry failure can be restarted by pressing the F8 key, choose fourth, only in the Device=c:\windows\himem.sys this one by "Y", the rest of the press "N", at the DOS prompt input Scanreg / fix or to repair the registry restore scanreg / restore before the automatic backup system registry, and then restart. 2, in the emergence of "Create a startup log file (BOOTTLOG.TXT) [Enter=Y", When Esc=N], select Y to build the Bootlog.txt file, which can check the loading of each system file during startup. If you crash when loading a.Vxd file, you can copy the.Vxd file over another computer and copy it. 3, if a startup occurs, "it is now possible to safely turn off the computer", usually because Windows's System directory's vmm32.vxd is corrupted and can be duplicated on another computer. 4, a start on the blue screen and display VFAT Devcie Initialization Faild, "said calls to the Windows directory under the dblbuff.sys and ifshlp.sys files can be a problem, such as hand to join in the config.sys file: "Device=c:\windows\dblbuff.sys" and "devicehigh=c:\windows\ifshlp.sys", if not, show that the two files are corrupted and can be copied to another computer. Four. Use the text editor to set the LOGO parameter to "0" in the Msdos.sys file. When you turn off and turn on the machine, see if you can access the Windows. If it doesn't work, you can only reinstall the Windows system. In the heavy Windows, first proposed by covering the original Windows, the advantage of this is: if the fault can be ruled out, many of the original program application is no longer installed; if the cover installation does not solve the problem, then using the hard disk formatted after installing Windows. Phenomenon seven: Windows cannot start but can enter safe mode. This failure is generally not a problem, the higher the probability of repair. Specific can refer to the following several methods to do: First, in the installation of new equipment does not start in safe mode, in the "control panel", "system" and select "Device Manager tab, there is an exclamation point conflict of equipment on all equipment listed in search, if any, open the device" attributes "view the Resources tab, look at the conflict of this equipment and other equipment of the interrupt, then cancel the automatic settings check box, click change settings" button, select a unused interrupt number. If not, you can select the "general" tab in the equipment attribute, select the hardware configuration file to disable the checkbox if you can start successfully, that the driver of this hardware may be a problem, you can delete it in the device manager will reinstall the driver. Two, installed, start automatically running, soft can not start normally, you can uninstall it, after the system can be activated, try to reinstall. By the way, the software that runs automatically when the system is installed does not install in the same boot as other software, and can reduce such failures. Three, run automatically when the computer starts the failure of the Windows file does not start, or a case before the software can not be uninstalled (including not completely uninstall), can go to the following places to find and delete it: 1, in the start folder in the program folder in the start menu. 2, Config.sys and Autoexec.bat, if there is, in the front of the line with "REM", do not let it run. In general, antivirus programs add the program to be executed in the two files. Run or Load parameters in the [Windows] section 3, Window directory Win.ini, here can also be in the line with "Rem", don't let it out. 4, the registry (Registry) in the operation of the registry editor (Regedit), using the "Edit" into the editor in the "find" function to find fault automatic executable files, the implementation of the project will not delete or rename file key. Note: when you modify the registry, you must use the "export registry file" method in advance to do a good backup. Four, if prompted at the start of the system, some of the.Vxd in the system.ini file is missing 386 other documents, you can go to other computers to copy the corresponding files to the corresponding position, if not, you can backup your Windows 98 installation directory under the system.ini file, the line and then use a text editor to open the system.ini file to find the corresponding.Vxd or.386, the line can be deleted, if there are changes wrong, then you can backup and restore. Five, if Windows does not start is caused by damaged system files, system files can run Sfc.exe file in the Windows\system directory to check and recover lost or damaged, if the problem is the Windows file system needs to use, will be repaired back. Six, if Windows does not start file version is caused by the conflict, you can run the Windows directory of the Vemui.exe file, find out the problems of the file, select "restore selected files (R)" button, Windows98 will automatically use different versions, replacing the current file, and the version conflict manager will make a backup for this file can be replaced, then back. Well, the diagnosis and treatment of the computer cannot start normal fault to say so much, not mentioned in the fault can refer to this article for the following treatment: hardware, using the method of replacement or replacement of slot judgment and troubleshooting; software is more simple, not to format the hard disk to reinstall the system! However, the author still suggests: when the system is stable, do a clone, so need to go back "grams" once.