英语基数词和序数词专题数 词
一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词
(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。
(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。
(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g. Hundred:...
数 词
一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词
示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词
(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。
(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的
写。
(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g. Hundred: one/ two/several hundred; hundreds of … 成百上千…
2. 序数词:
(1)基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y为i,再加-eth.
(2)注意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。
二、分数、小数、百分数(fracctions、Decimals、Percentage)
1.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。e.g.
二分之一 a/one-half 三分之一 a/one third
四分之一 a/one-fourth 二又五分之一 two and one-fifth
2.小数:
读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o// e.g.
.3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five
36.36 thirty-six point three six
3. 百分数
百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。e.g.
20% twenty percent 47% forty-seven percent
30.45% thirty point four five percent
三、日期和年份的表示(date and year)
on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventh
on 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of May
in 1993 读作:in nineteen thirty-three
in 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven
四、时间和钟点表示:
7:15 读作 seven fifteen / a quarter past seven
5:30 读作 five thirty/half past five
6:55 读作 six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven
9:10 读作 nine ten a.m.
at 8:00 读作 at eight 或 at eight o’clock
五、年龄表示:
1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g.
The girl is only three (years old.)
2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then aged forty(years).
“at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”,通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.
3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词,意为“…岁的”,一般作定语修饰名词。e.g.
Sandy is a six-year-old child.
4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式:这一结构表示“在某人几十多岁时“。e.g.
My grandfathr died in his nineties.
teens 表示 “十多岁”(13-19岁)。e.g.
The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。
He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。
六、数学运算表达(Arithmetic Expressuib )
Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13
Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6.
Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9
Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.
+plus(介词)/ -minus (介词) / × multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) / ÷ divided (形容词性质的过去分词)
+add(动词)/ -subtract(动词) / × multiply(动词) / ÷ divide(动词)
【易错点提示】
1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名词。注意区别下面两句话:
Two thirds of the apple has gone bad.
Two thirds of the apples have gone bad.
2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中,注意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g.
a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk
有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。
3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s
在30年代:in the 30s
在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties
4. 注意下面的不同表达方式:
Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson
Gate Five= The Fifth Gate
Class one/Grade(Two)two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight
5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法: Fifth Avenue (序数词前无冠词)
6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词)
7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的 “再、又”的用法:
I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one.
8. 一次:once 两次:twice 三次: three times
9. 倍数的表达:
(1)“倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than”表示“比……大几倍”e.g.
This rope is three times longer than that one.
(2)“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”表示“…是…的几倍”e.g.
It is five times as big as Europe.
The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees.
(3)“倍数+表度量的名词(size,length,width)+of…”表示“…是…的几倍”。e.g.
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
【真题典藏】
1. Linton is interested in Chinese history and this is his _____ visit to Beijing. (four) (2008年中考第61题)
2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (2009年中考题59题)
3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. (fourth)(2010年中考题58题)
【实战演练】
1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred )
2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise? (twelve)
3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth)
4. Her beautiful roses have won prizes ______at the flower shows since last year. (two)
5. ( ) It is reported that about _______ of the tourists went to Hainan in winter holiday.
A. two-threes B. two-thirds C. second-three D. two-third
6. ( ) The artist became well-known _________.
A. in his thirties B. of thirty C. about thirty D. the thirtieth
7. ( ) It’s customary(习俗)for Chinese to celebrate their _____ their birthday with relatives and friends.
A. sixty B. sixty-year-old C. sixtieth D.sixties
8. ( ) Tomorrow we will start for the campsite at ______. Please be on time.
A. clock eight B. the eight clock
C. eight o’ clock D. eight clock
9. ( ) The newly built dormitory building is about _______.
A. 30 meters high B. 30-metre-high
C.30-metres-high D.30-metre-high
10. ( ) Listen, everyboday! Pansy’s _____ girl is singing a pop song now.
A.eight year old B. eight-year-old
C. eight-years-old D. eight years old
11. ____ the new books were sold yesterday morning.
A.Hundred of B. A hundred
C. Two hundreds of D.Two hundred of
12. ____ People got eye or breathing probems during the fire in Australia this year.
A.Thousand B. Thousands
C. Thousands of D. Ten thousands
参考文献
[1] 梁亚丽.红宝书天天翻[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011.
[2] 王璟.中考英语高分对策[M].上海:希望出版社,2010.
[3] ***.牛津英语8A[M].
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