【最新精选】从《小妇人》中分析乔的女权主义毕业论文

【最新精选】从《小妇人》中分析乔的女权主义毕业 滨江学院 本科生毕业论文(设计) The Study of Jo in Little Women from the Prospective of Feminism 1 Contents 1. Introduction…………………………………………………….……………………5 2. Literature Review……………….……………………………………………….…..5 2.1 Definition and Features of Feminism…………………………………………….6 2.2Relevant Studies of Jo’s Feminism in Little Women………………………….….6 3. A comprehensive analysis of feminism on Jo in Little Women………………...……8 3.1 Pursuit of Freedom …………………………………………….…………………8 3.2 Demand of True Love …………………………………………..…...…………..10 3.3 Desire for Independence……………………………………………..…………..11 3.4 Embodiment of Equality……………………………………………..………….13 4. Enlightenment of feminism embodied in Jo in modern times ………...…...……..15 4.1 Modern Expression of Feminism in Professions………………….……………15 4.2 Modern Expression of Feminism in Marriage Life……………..……………..16 5. Conclusion………………………………………………….………………...………18 References…………………………………………………….…………………………19 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………...…...20 2 毕业设计(论文)原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重:所呈交的毕业设计,论文,～是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知～除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外～不包含其他人或组织已经发或公布过的研究成果～也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体～均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 作 者 签 名: 日 期: 指导教师签名: 日 期: 使用授权说明 本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计,论文,的规定～即:按照学校要求提交毕业设计,论文,的印刷本和电子版本,学校有权保存毕业设计,论文,的印刷本和电子版～并提供目录检索与阅览服务,学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文,在不以赢利为目的前提下～学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 作者签名: 日 期: 3 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外～本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体～均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定～同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版～允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索～可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 4 从《小妇人》中分析乔的女权主义 摘要:《小妇人》由美国作家露易莎?梅?奥尔科特所著，她是美国文学史上最突出的作家之一，也被认为是以为女权主义者。《小妇人》是她最成功最著名的作品。《小妇人》是一部以美国南北战争为背景，以19世纪美国新英格兰地区的一个普通家庭四个姐妹之间的生活琐事。此小说与1868年出版后受到了极大的关注。本文旨在通过分析《小妇人》分中的女性乔，阐述奥尔科特的女权主义观点。这个观点在主人公乔的身上体现的淋漓尽致。乔，酷爱写作与阅读，独立勇敢。不甘心做一个家庭主妇，选择自己喜欢的工作-写作，厌恶社会无理的要求--女性权力不及男性。本文分别从自由，爱情，平等，独立四个角度，分析乔的女权主义思想。并结合现代社会，剖析乔这种女权主义在现代社会中的意义。 关键词:《小妇人》; 乔; 女权主义 The Study of Jo in Little Women from the Prospective of Feminism 5 Director:Wu Sufang ,College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, Abstract: Little Women is written by an American author, Louisa May Alcott, who is one of the most prominent writers in American literature as well as a feminist. Little Women is one of the most successful and famous works of hers. It is a novel which is set in the Civil War, and based on the four thsisters‘ family life in New England in the USA in the 19 century. It received a lot of attention when it published. This thesis is aimed at analyzing Jo in the Little Women to state the point of Louisa May Alcott‘s concept of feminism. This view is reflected incisively and vividly on the heroin Jo. Jo, who has a passion for writing and reading and her characters are independent and brave. She is not content to be a housewife and chooses her favorite job—writing. Disliking the unreasonable request of the society—women‘s power is less than men‘s. The article is written respectively from four perspectives—freedom, love, equality and independence to analyze of Jo‘s feminism ideas. And combining with the modern society, it dissects the significance of Jo‘s feminism in modern society. Keywords: Little Women; Jo; feminism The Study of Jo in Little Women from the Prospective of Feminism 6 1. Introduction Louisa May Alcott was born on November 29, 1832, the second daughter of Amos Bronson and Abigail Abba May Alcott. She was raised in Concord, Massachusetts, a small town to the north of Boston that was home to many great writers of the day. Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It is based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. The novel tells of their progress into young womanhood with the additional strains of romance. It is a story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedness of family life. In this situation, the paper tends to analyze the pursuit for freedom and demand of true love, embodiment of equality, and desire for independent personality and independent rights to make special analysis of feminism on Jo in English. In doing so, the readers might have a deep understanding of the feminism. 2. Literature Review Little Woman, one of the classics of American literature, was written by American thwoman——Louisa May Alcott. Woman in the 19 century were still limited to traditional opinions that they were opposed to belong to the family, obey their husbands‘ orders .They could not have the chance to compete equally with men in many fields of society. However, Louisa May Alcott did not look upon herself as the adjunct of the men. She was determined to break the fetters on the women, and tried to choose a profession to make a living on her way through this rough and tumble world. Hence, there is no doubt that Little Women occupies an essential position in the history of American thliterature in the 19 century. 2.1 Definition and Features of Feminism As to the meaning of feminism: ―most people think ?feminism‘ is about equality of 7 the sexes, and activism to achieve equality of women‖. (Johnson, 2011, p30) This theory is called: ―Socialist feminism and was used increasingly during the 1970s to describe a mixed theoretical and practical method to achieving women‘s equality. In addition, this theory analyzed the relation between the oppression of women and other oppression in society.‖ (Linda, 2011, p22) In the Cambridge dictionary, the definition of feminism is the belief that women should be allowed the same rights as men and be treated in the same way, but also when it is used to describe a man that means the behavior of man is similar to women. ―According to MS magazine, feminism sounds like a negative word for most women. They don‘t like it or use it‖. (Karol, 2011, p28) However, a very interesting article which is from Men in Feminism said: ―some men seem to be interested in Feminism; they prefer to acquire more knowledge of it and encourage more of them to realize that feminism benefits everyone.‖(Lizzie, 2003, p19) Therefore, to some extent, the readers can find that males and females still have different attitudes to this word. For the features of feminism, the first one is to stress women‘s gender differences and their expression in literary texts and texts interpretation, that is, gender poetics and gender reading. Secondly, it puts emphasis on the expression of gender symbol difference, advocating women‘s discourse and maternal instinct discourse. Besides, it establishes women‘s equality of political rights on the basis of female social difference and discourse difference. 2.2Relevant Studies of Jo’s Feminism in Little Wome There are many scholars who throw some light on the feminist interpretation of Litter Women. Although the book is filled with submissive women who are content with domestic life, a great deal of feminist attention concentrates on women‘s influences on men. For example, in ―The Influence of Little Women‖, Carolyn Heilbrun argues that the fascination Little Women holds lies less in Jo‘s ease in adopting male manners and behavior , than in the facility with which her whole family restructures itself on a female 8 pattern.( Kress,1997,p23) G. K. Chesterton noted that in Little Women, Alcott "anticipated realism by twenty or thirty years," and that Fritz's proposal to Jo, and her acceptance, "is one of the really human things in human literature." (Fritz, 1987, p67) Gregory S. Jackson argued that Alcott's use of realism belongs to the American Protestant pedagogical tradition that includes a range of religious literary traditions with which Alcott was familiar. (Jackson, 2009, p14) The nineteenth-century images he produces of devotional guides for children provides an interesting background for the game of "playing pilgrim" that, in part, comprises Book One's plot structure. Elbert argued that Little Women did not ―belittle women‘s fiction" and that Alcott stayed true to her ―Romantic birthright.‖( Sarah，1987， p11) As we all known, Jo is the representative of Louisa May Alcott in the Little Women, so in ―Closing the Garret Door: A Feminist Reading of Little Women‖, scholars Deborah Thacker and Jean Well mention that the women writer‘s place has been marginalized and consigned as ―the attic‖ (Thacker & Well,1989，p3) the room of her own where a woman could express and liberate herself undisturbed. In Little Women Louisa May Alcott playfully enabled her girls‘ readers to look within her inner room, her center of repressed imagination. The heroine Jo is a unique woman in this book. Her unconventional opinions and deeds differ much from her sisters. The first chapter talks about Jo‘ process of forming the sense of self-identity. It consists of four parts in self-shaping, self-reflection, self-fulfillment and self-control. The second chapter details about Jo‘ sense of responsibility to play four different roles in her life. As a new woman, she flourishes personality. The third chapter discusses Jo‘s equality thoughts, and her struggle to get her properly rights. Based on the summaries of the previous researches, naturally, a new woman in Alcott‘s Little Women should independent, self-identity and self-denial; a new woman should have her ability, and create her career; a new woman should live an equal life with her husband; the combination if family life and independent existence can open various 9 probability for a new woman‘ individual development. 3. A comprehensive analysis of feminism on Jo in Little Women 3.1 Pursuit of freedom From the ancient period to modern society, all the people are seeking freedom, no matter what the person is man or woman, old or young. The author of Little Woman—Louise May Alcott who also wants to own freedom. In her famous novel Little Woman, through the main actor—Jo express the pursuit of freedom. Jo is a girl who wants to be a boy. ―I wish I was a boy,‖ says Jo. ―Then I could go and fight beside father.‖ (Alcott, 1987, p38) Jo wants to escape from the full dress and puts on the uniform to fight beside her father. Meg always says to Jo in this way, ―You‘ve been running, haven‘t you? Jo, when will you start to behave like a young lady?‖(Alcott, 1987, p98)Although at that time, every girl want to behave like a young lady, Jo behaves like a boy. For her perspective, a boy can do many things that the girls also can do, such as skating and then talking about the skating with them. She never fells shy to play with boys. She believes that boys possess freedom and they can do everything they want to do. In the book, Jo does many things which can only be done by boys. The reason why Jo stood out can be best illustrated by her characteristic. It is her characteristic that makes her different from all the other girls in the family. Unlike other girls who behave like quite water, Jo was neither soft nor gentle. She is just like a vigorous flame giving endless happiness. In the beginning of the book, she claims that: ―I hate to think I‘ve got to grow up and be Miss March, and wear long gowns, and look as prim as a China Aster. It‘s bad enough to be a girl, any way when I like boy‘s games and work and manners. I can‘t get over my disappointment in not being a boy, and it‘s worse than ever now, for I‘m dying to go and fight with papa, and I can only stay at home and knit like a poky old woman.‖(Alcott, 1987, p43) 10 Jo also likes literature, both reading and writing them. She composes plays for sisters to perform and writes stories that published. She imitates Shakespeare, and when she doesn‘t need to do chores, she reads a book in a corner of the attic, or outside, completely absorbs a good book. She also says: ―Not being a genius, like Keats, it won‘t kill me…when I am ready, I will up again…‖Jo is not the oldest daughter in the family, but she put herself in the position of the man of the family when her father is absence. She devotes her literature works to support the family. When her father is hurt during the war, she cuts her lovely, sick, long hair to help her mother to look after her father. She says: ―I just want to do something for father, and selling my hair was the only thing I could think of doing.‖(Alcott, 1987, p105) Because of her character –boyish, Jo has intense equality thoughts, and her struggle to get her properly rights. When she is young, her unique behaviors express her desire to break the fetters on the women. Her choices of career stand for her dreams of being equal as men. She does not obey the traditional view on marriage to find a rich husband, but establishes her love on an equal base. On work, Jo has achieved her dream and become a writer. In life, she is not the only one to do the housework and her husband will also undertake it. For example, her husband prepares the cakes for dinner and look after their children. Jo also appeals to the equality of, so do she and her husband. Though she returns home, Jo gives a new definition of new women that the combination of career and family is the best home for a new woman. At the same time, she is a girl who has the courage to pursuit her ideals. She believes that a new circumstance has advantages for her writing; she follows to New York to teach children, or sometime stays in the bookroom to read books to absorb new knowledge. She accepts new things and comes being into new ideas. All of her characteristics and her behaviors show that she pursuits of freedom and doesn‘t care about others‘ vision. She just does the things she wants to do, not bind by secular. 3.2Demand of true love 11 As a girl, Joy is lucky because of a boy, Laurie, who loves her; as a little woman, Joy is beatific because of a man, Bhaer, who loves her; as a mature lady, Jo is felicific because of a gentleman, Bhaer, her husband. As a female, Jo knows clearly that she is going for a true love rather than a rich life. Most people who read the Litter Woman always think that Jo ought to marry Laurie, who is her childhood sweetheart and has a happy marriage with Jo. However, it is unbelievable that she turns down his offer and gets married with Professor Bhaer, an old, poor man. A host of people take the view that Jo is foolish for she has done, but Jo is certainly understand what she really needs than anyone else. For Laurie Jo‘s fell in love with Laurie at the first sight of Laurie and the true love is pretty pure and beautiful. Without a doubt that she loves Laurie, and many mothers are willing o small Mr. Laurie becomes her son-in-tlaw, but when she finds Laurie is like guileless elegant girl, don't mention how happy she is. Actually, Laurie loves her, but Jo has a sober understanding of the differences between them: ―I'm homely and awkward and odd and old, and you'd be ashamed of me, and we should quarrel—we can't help it even now, you see and I shouldn't like elegant society and you would, and you'd hate my scribbling, and I couldn't get on without it, and we should be unhappy, and wish we hadn't done it, and everything would be horrid!" (Alcott, 1987, P278) Jo realizes that they are not suited to one another, although they are too much alike nd too fond of freedom. a After Jo refusing Laurie, Jo knows that would never come again because he leaves her without a look. And Jo decides to cut off the relationship, because it‘s impossible for people to make themselves love other people and she does not believe that is the right sort of love and would rather not try. In addition, she can not accept marry Laurie only for a fine mistress for fine house. 12 For Professor Bhaer Professor Bhaer who comes from Berlin is well-educated, but poor as a church mouse, and gives lessons to support him. At Mrs. Kirke‘ house, Bhaer leaves a favorable impression to Jo, but at that time, Jo does not love him, she just thinks he is interested. As time goes by, Jo is addicted to love him. His patience, ability, wise, knowledge even his dress is attracted her much more. This time she apparently knows her own heart when she comes to a little message written in the Professor's hand, and she sets looking at the friendly words: "Wait for me, my friend. I may be a little late, but I shall surely come", ―as they took a new meaning, and touched a tender spot in her heart‖. (Alcott, 1987, P334) These words take a new meaning, and touch a tender spot in her heart. Then, the Professor visits her family and they confess sincere love to each other in the end. For the love with Professor, Jo has confirmed her firm attitude to him: "I'm glad you are poor. I couldn't bear a rich husband," said Jo decidedly, adding in a softer tone, don't fear poverty. I've known it long enough to lose my dread and be happy working for those I love, and don't call yourself old forty is the prime of life. I couldn't help loving you if you were seventy!" (Alcott, 1987, P368) They get married, have two children and even found a school. Yes, Jo is a very happy woman there, in spite of hard work, much anxiety, and a perpetual racket. She also says "I don't think I ever ought to call myself `unlucky Jo' again, when my greatest wish has been so beautifully gratified.‖ (Alcott, 1987, P374) Married with a professor can not only give Jo an abundance life style, but Jo gains her happiness. She is a true lucky woman. 3.3 Desire for independence With the vigorous development of the American feminist, American emerges a large number of women who spare no efforts to campaigning for women‘s rights. In Little Women, the author Louisa May Alcotthe uses a special lady, Jo, who owns independent 13 thoughts and distinguished behavior to expound Feminism. Jo has a strong desire for independence; firstly, her characteristic is presented by unique thoughts. In the first place, in Little Women, the biggest characteristic of Jo is self-renewal independence; she isn‘t an ideal image of fair child in her childhood. When Jo turns to be a little girl, she just plays with boys and even wants to be a boy. She changes her feminine name to a masculine name "Jo". Because of her firm mind, as a result, she fails to be a traditional woman in fact. While hearing that her father needs to go to the frontline, she forces herself as a leader of the four sisters. In order to reduce her mother‘s pressure and support the family, Jo works for Aunt March who likes complaining a lot. o and her other sisters build up Pickwick Club and Postbox which almost is not J allowed by women limited by time. But Jo does not bow her own life to cater to the traditional customs. Instead, she is more reluctant to restrain her hobbies to conformity with social norms. In the second place, when the day of darkness is coming, Jo does not flinch, but bravely enough to face terrible things. After hearing the bad news that her father suffers from a disease severely, all of the family numbers have already gave up all hopes except Jo. Jo struggles against difficulties intrepidly and obviously has realized that her father needs a great quantity of money to go through the serious disorder. Hence, she sacrifices herself, cutting her hair for 25dollars. How surprise it is. As far as we are known, during that time, woman‘s appearance meant for everything. In chapter 29, the obvious evident can be proved that Jo is a new–style women. Jo says, ―I do like them, and I shall be one if I can, for in spite of the laughing the world would never get on without them. We can't agree about that for you belong to the old set, and I to the new. You will get on the best, but I shall have the liveliest time of it. I should rather enjoy the brickbats and hooting, I think.‖(Alcott, 1987,P227) From the passage, we find that Jo is a woman who has own consciousness, with the spirit of independence. In depressive female space she rushes out of the bondage of 14 tradition, doing the things which the majority of women couldn‘t reach at that time. What‘s more, she pays more attention to freedom and independence. In the early 19th century American feminists think that men and women should be equal, women should depend on herself and had own job. From the above narrations, Jo has independent thoughts; we also need to give several reasons to prove Jo‘s distinguished behavior. Frankly speaking, Jo is a lucky girl that she lives in a warm family, the family members are all kind-heart. Once Jo makes up her mind to write articles, none of her family says no. And when Jo‘s first work is published, not only her parents but also her other sisters support her with all their hearts. Each of them pride of her, it is her strongest power to stick to writing. Once Jo wants to go out and finds a job to raise the family, they all respect her choice. Although Jo finally gets married, having equal state with her husband, she shares the family obligation with her husband and plays a significant important role between him. The manor Jo inherits from Aunt March is transformed into a school where poor children also have the opportunity to study. At last, Jo not only makes plenty awards in writing but also achieves remarkable fame in education system. 3.4 The embodiment of Equality Jo March is the second daughter of Mrs. March. She loves writing, dreaming of being a famous writer and making money to have her family live a better life. She is a unique woman. Her unconventional opinions and deeds differ much from her contemporary women. At that time, girls are taught to be ideal women who look upon her husbands and children as the whole meaning of life. Jo, however, has the strong sense of self-identity, dares to break the fetters imposed on her by the society and arranges her life according to her own will. She looks like a boy, and reacts with impatience to the many limitations placed on women and girls. This character has a deep influence on her demand of equality. When Jo is a little child, she's a tomboyish, hot-tempered girl. She loves activity 15 and can't bear to be left on the sidelines; it drives her crazy that she can't go and fight in the Civil War alongside her father. Instead, Jo has to stay at home and try to help her family, which is extremely difficult for her. She's so boyish that Mr. March has referred to her as his "son Jo" in the past, and her best friend Laurie sometimes calls her "my dear fellow. There are many vital moments in the book in which Jo acts with a strong will like a man. One of the moments happened in chapter three: ―But Jo, who didn't care much for girls or girlish gossip, stood about, with flower garden, Half a dozen jovial lads were talking about skates in another part of the room, and she longed to go and join them, for skating was one of the joys of her life.‖ (Alcott, 1987, p35) She looks herself as a boy, she aspires to be a successful writer so that she can earn money by writing to support her family as well as keep financial independence. She also longs for the equality of men and women. First, in her perspective, women and men are equal in everything. Women should stand up and play various roles in the society, also has a job, and can also achieve their dreams; they will be on the material and spiritual equality, self-respect, self-confidence. "You've a nice accent and in time will be a clever reader. I advise you to learn, for German is a valuable accomplishment to teachers. I must look after Grace, she is romping." And Miss Kate strolled away, adding to herself with a shrug, "I didn't come to chaperone a governess, though she is young and pretty. What odd people these‖ Yankees are. I'm afraid Laurie will be quite spoiled among them." (Alcott, 1987, p167) This speech perfectly delivering the nature of Jo wants to be best in her job-writer and she tries her best to do it. Jo is the only one of the four girls who braves and challenges the oppressive and restrictive true womanhood, she alone exhibits the spirit of equality and unconventionality. So Jo has achieved her dream and become a writer. Second, wife and husband are equal at home. Jo does not obey the traditional view on marriage to find a rich husband, but establishes her love on an equal base. On their marriage life, she is not the only one to do the housework, her husband will also 16 undertake it, such as her husband will prepare the cake for dinner and look after their children. Because of the equality of wife and husband, Jo and professor have a better marriage life as well as being respectful with each other. 4. Enlightenment of feminism embodied in Jo in modern times To sum up all these textual analysis above, we are sure you will have a clear and comprehensive understanding of Feminism embodied in Jo in Little Women. Based on these remarkable features of feminism as is pointed out in chapter three, this chapter will make a further study of the enlightenment of feminism embodied in Jo in modern times in the following aspects: professions, marriage life. 4.1 Modern expression of feminism in professions It is due to the first surge of Feminism from 1880 to 1920 putting "new women" onto the stage of history which makes a big sensation in the world and marks the beginning of a new era in the feminist movement to live out the true meaning of the creed:" All men are created equal"(Jefferson,1776,p1). And it also served as the social foundation of manage to create the story about the Little Women. Just imagine how terrible the world be if we would still live in the period of Vitoria that women are settled to be imprisoned for family life, playing a social provision for female role as an understanding wife and loving mother without appropriate education, basic freedom, equal statue and other fundamental rights. Influenced greatly by spirit of feminism embodied in the typical "new women" Jo, the majority of the women nowadays are bravely enough to get beyond the restriction of traditional ideas which women rely heavily on her man both in finance and daily life to choose the profession what they really like and develop the consciousness of independence and justice in career. It is Jo who sets a positive and powerful model to encourage thousands of women to walk out of the kitchen to search for their own values or pursue their careers. Thanks to it, there are 90 percents of modern women earn their 17 own living according to China Daily. At the same time, the experience of Jo‘s realizing her dream to become a professional writer also makes significant reference to modern women how to stick to their ideals as well as principles and how to overcome various of difficulties in pursuing their own careers. Compared with the acquisitive society at present, in which many people try to look for a shortcut to fame and fortune losing their principles, what Jo has done teach us a lesson which worth admiring and deep thinking. Although the society is reality brutal survival of the fittest, it not means that we should give in to the darkness abandoning our love for just, hope, and dream. Jo gives modern women an impressive lesson that no matter what sort of environment, they should try their best to be strong-minded and independent and never give up frighting for their dreams as well as individual values. As a matter of fact, with the development of the society, the government pays much attention to women and there is a series of authority policies having been put forward which plays an important role in guaranteeing women‘s rights in position. For example, according to article 11 in Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women, it reads that state organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions must in appointing cadres, adhere to the principle of equality between men and women, and attach importance to the training and selection of female cadres for leading posts. With the long-term struggle for the women‘s interests and the progress of the civilization, nowadays women are not as weak as in the past but grow up as independent and thoughtful individuals. 4.2 Modern expression of feminism in marriage life Marriage life will never be outdating in human beings‘ life for its great importance in people‘s relationships. What people can learn according to Jo is how a woman seeks economic independence, struggles for love and equality in the marriage life and keeps the balance between family life and her own career. Its in-depth exploration of a strong 18 female character's feeling and her assuming responsibility for the whole family deeply impress us. Though currently the quality of life of both urban and rural residents have been improved a lot, the anxious and restlessness of marriage is filled in the frail modern time. By the latest investigation, the marriage problem emerged one after another has been the largest contributor to the decline of citizens‘ sensation of happiness. So this case keeps showing its unique charm and both literature and actual values in guiding the modern people how to keep calm and handle various contradiction in reason, especially in how to keep the balance between work and family. Jo shows vividly how she struggles between the ideal and realty, how to analysis rationally which life style is suitable for her and how to force her to become a determined woman being able to facing the complex environment and makes the toughest decision in family life in the aspect of putting the general interest first. Having gained a great enlightenment from Jo‘s positive feminism, the modern women and men are working out a new concept of marriage, an ideal often called ―companionate marriage‖(In this relationship, husband and wife perceived each other as equals, sharing joys and responsibilities in a partnership) (). The characteristics of this new type of marriage, replacing the patriarchal marriage of the former centuries, were more private, more affectionate, and less authoritarian. And both husband and wife support the family with equal work together. The couples are willing to share the housework, even the baby-sitting. The new ideal of marriage life is one based on sympathy, affection, friendship, and mutual obligation, as opposed to the hierarchical mode of traditional marriage. With the development of the society, changing attitudes among middle-class women have found expression in gradually shifting ideas in marriages. Many women welcome the new female commitment to independence and self-sufficiency. They want to live their life to its fullest. They want adventures, excitement and mystery. (Li, 2010, p15) They want to see, to know, and to experience. 19 Today a woman is freely to choose what kind of man she loves and which man she wants to get married. If she finds their marriage life is not happy, she can divorce her husband with the legal protection. And latter she can get married with other man who makes her happy. As for widow, life is more freedom. If she loses her husband, she just needs to wear mourning dress during the mourning period. And after the mourning period, she can take part in all kinds of activities and get married with the second husband, the third husband even more. People know that marriage is based on love. The analysis shows that modern women are the masters of their happy lives and marriage lives. Whether women live in happy ones or not is totally depending on women themselves, because they have rights to hoose marriage life they prefer. c 3. Conclusion We analyzed the heroine Jo‘ Feminism in the novel from these four parts: freedom, true love, independence and equality, and then pointed out the enlightenment of feminism embodied in Jo in modern times accordingly. Although the girl was born in a poor family, she had the positive attitude to any matters. The novel laid emphasis on her individuality and dignity, but also displayed her self-expression restraint. She always kept discovering her own shortcomings and corrected them as soon as possible. As Jo grew older, our beloved protagonist tamed her tomboyish ways and learned to be more ladylike while pursuing her ambition to be a great writer. From the above, now each girl should learn from their advantages and have the positive attitude to any matter so as to make our character perfect and our life more wonderful. References 1.李齐齐.(2010).The Comparison of Life Attitudes between Traditional Women in Gone with the Wind and Modern Women[D].新疆: 20 昌吉学院 2. Jackson,G. (2009) The Word and Its Witness: The Spiritualization of American Realism. 3. Johnson, L. (2011): Feminist Theorists [J].Women’s History 20: 30 4.Jefferson,T.(1776)The Declaration of Independence[M].Philadelphia, Dunlap broadside 5. Karon, J. (2011): A Road Map for Leadership [J].MS. 55: 28 6. Kress, S. (1997) Carolyn G. Heilbrun: Feminist in a Tenured Position [M].Virginia: University of Virginia Press 7. Linda,N. (2011): Socialist Feminism, Feminism Definition[J].Notable women21: 22 8. Lizzie,G. (2003): Men in feminism[J].The Fword 25: 19 9. Sarah, H. (1987) A Hunger for Home: Louisa May Alcott’s Place in American Culture [M].Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, 10. Alcott, L. (1987) Little Women [M]. New York: Dell (retrieved May 13, 2013) 11.(retrieved May 13, 2013) Acknowledgements Many people deserve our sincere thanks for helping us in various aspects and at various stages of this paper. 21 At first, our gratitude goes to Ms. Wu Sufang who gives us much insightful instructions and enlightenment and continues to modify the content of the thesis, for her invaluable suggestions and insightful guidance. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Secondly, we are grateful to express all heartfelt thanks to all of our friends at the Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in Hangzhou. In this period, their supports urge us forward and tackle the task with even great decision in important preparation. Finally, our thanks also would go to our parents who gave us their considerations and various kinds of favors in working out our problems during the writing process of the paper. 22 毕业设计(论文)原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重承诺:所呈交的毕业设计,论文,～是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知～除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外～不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果～也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体～均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。 作 者 签 名: 日 期: 指导教师签名: 日 期: 使用授权说明 本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计,论文,的规定～即:按照学校要求提交毕业设计,论文,的印刷本和电子版本,学校有权保存毕业设计,论文,的印刷本和电子版～并提供目录检索与阅览服务,学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文,在不以赢利为目的前提下～学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 作者签名: 日 期: 23 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外～本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体～均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定～同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版～允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索～可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 涉密论文按学校规定处理。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 24 致 谢 时间飞逝，大学的学习生活很快就要过去，在这四年的学习生活中，收获了很多，而这些成绩的取得是和一直关心帮助我的人分不开的。 首先非常感谢学校开设这个课题，为本人日后从事计算机方面的工作提供了经验，奠定了基础。本次毕业设计大概持续了半年，现在终于到结尾了。本次毕业设计是对我大学四年学习下来最好的检验。经过这次毕业设计，我的能力有了很大的提高，比如操作能力、分析问题的能力、合作精神、严谨的工作作风等方方面面都有很大的进步。这期间凝聚了很多人的心血，在此我表示由衷的感谢。没有他们的帮助，我将无法顺利完成这次设计。 首先，我要特别感谢我的知道郭谦功老师对我的悉心指导，在我的论文书写及设计过程中给了我大量的帮助和指导，为我理清了设计思路和操作方法，并对我所做的课题提出了有效的改进。郭谦功老师渊博的知识、严谨的作风和诲人不倦的态度给我留下了深刻的印象。从他身上，我学到了许多能受益终生的东西。再次对周巍老师表示衷心的感谢。 其次，我要感谢大学四年中所有的任课老师和辅导员在学习期间对我的严格要求，感谢他们对我学习上和生活上的帮助，使我了解了许多专业知识和为人的道理，能够在今后的生活道路上有继续奋斗的力量。 另外，我还要感谢大学四年和我一起走过的同学朋友对我的关心与支持，与他们一起学习、生活，让我在大学期间生活的很充实，给我留下了很多难忘的回忆。 最后，我要感谢我的父母对我的关系和理解，如果没有他们在我的学习生涯中的无私奉献和默默支持，我将无法顺利完成今天的学业。 致 谢 四年的大学生活就快走入尾声，我们的校园生活就要划上句号，心中是无尽的难舍与眷恋。从这里走出，对我的人生来说，将是踏上一个新的征程，要把所学的知识应用到实际工作中去。 回首四年，取得了些许成绩，生活中有快乐也有艰辛。感谢老师四年来对我孜孜不倦的教诲，对我成长的关心和爱护。 学友情深，情同兄妹。四年的风风雨雨，我们一同走过，充满着关爱，给我留下了值得珍藏的最美好的记忆。 在我的十几年求学历程里，离不开父母的鼓励和支持，是他们辛勤的劳作，无私的付出，为我创造良好的学习条件，我才能顺利完成完成学业，感激他们一直以来对我的抚养与培育。 最后，我要特别感谢我的导师刘望蜀老师、和研究生助教吴子仪老师。是他们在我毕业的最后关头给了我们巨大的帮助与鼓励，给了我很多解决问题的思路，在此表示衷心的感激。老师们认真负责的工作态度，严谨的治学精神和深厚的理论水平都使我收益匪浅。他无论在理论上还是在实践中，都给与我很大的帮助，使我得到不少的提高这对于我以后的工作和学习都有一种巨大的帮助，感谢他耐心的辅导。在论文的撰写过程中老师们给予我很大的帮助，帮助解决了不少的难点，使得论文能够及时完成，这里一并表示真诚的感谢。 25 ——附加三严三实文档—— 中国电子科技集团领导分赴联系点指导基层“三严三实”第 三次专题学习研讨 11月12日，河北石家庄通信事业部，江苏无锡中科芯(58所)，中国电科党组书记、董事长熊群力，党组副书记、总经理樊友山于同日分赴联系点单位，参加指导“三严三实”第三次专题学习研讨。 党组成员联系点，是中国电科党组为贯彻落实中央从严治党要求，结合集团公司实际出台的重点工作事项。每年年初确定每位党组成员联系点单位，以三年为一个周期实现成员单位全覆盖，既强调以上率下，又加强交流互动。 “三严三实”第三次专题学习研讨会，是按照中央指示精神和集团公司党组统一部署开展的重要会议，旨在通过扎实推进专题学习教育，与抓巡视整改相结合，转变认识，谋划发展。 本次专题学习研讨会主题聚焦“严以用权，真抓实干，实实在在谋事、创业、做人，树立忠诚、干净、担当的新形象”，各单位主要领导率先垂范，结合自身学习和工作实际，谈理解，讲认识，查摆问题，分析原因，明确下一步工作思路和举措，涤荡了灵魂，启发了思路，收到了较好的效果。 26 “这次专题学习研讨气氛很好，大家收获都很多，这次让事业部各成员单位的主要领导也参与进来，为下一步各单位召开第三专题学习研讨，打下了很好的基础。” 熊群力在研讨讲话中，对学习研讨和通信事业部组建运行以来取得的成绩给予充分肯定，并着重从四个方面谈了认识，提出了希望和要求。 第一，专题学习研讨，准备充分，很务实。 研讨中很多同志能够结合单位实际，把自己摆进去，分析很具体、态度很端正、组织很规范，开得很成功。但是，一定要正确认识，专题学习研讨结束了，并不意味着“三严三实”教育工作结束。评价这次教育工作有没有效果，关键还在于看各单位改革发展的成效，看问题的整改是否到位。大家要化“三严三实”精神为改革发展的行动，不断在通信领域加强事业部的活力、控制力和影响力。从这个意义上说，“三严三实”为大家提供了思想动力，而下一步的发展则是“三严三实”教育成果的检验。 第二，总体运行情况良好，符合预期。 通信事业部组建至今，已经拿出了一个发展规划，组织管理也有一定作为，基本上已经作为一级组织形象开始发声，这证明集团公司“三级架构、两级经营”的理念没有错，更坚定了我们推行板块化、事业部和子集团发展模式的信心。 27 第三，规划做好，事业才能扎扎实实地往前发展。 通信事业部组织力量完成了规划初稿，还需要进一步结合十八届五中全会新的精神，进一步思考、细化，明确以军事通信为核心、以军民融合发展为主线的发展思路。未来的规划，要能在一定程度上代表我军通信业务的发展，代表军民融合通信的发展走向和水平，可以从技术、市场、经济、现代企业建设以及党建和企业文化建设等五个主线条做好规划。 第四，通信事业部还要加快发展的步伐。 改革的步伐要加快，站位、卡位的步伐也要加快，如科技创新体系建设、资源整合和布局，以及党的建设、思想文化建设。只有加快发展步伐，才能使得通信事业部作为一级组织尽快明晰起来，从而及时抓住机遇，尽快形成发展合力，体现事业部的价值。 樊友山在听取了中科芯(58所)领导班子成员研讨发言后指出，中科芯(58所)党委此次专题学习研讨会总体上是成功的，推动了班子的作风建设，班子思想统一、积极向上，作风状态、精神面貌有了很大的变化，运行状况较以往上了一个台阶。不过，仍然有思想认识上的问题需要给予高度重视，有些领导在查摆问题时触及到了肌肤还没有触及到灵魂，对问题分析的深度还不够。 针对中科芯(58所)下一步工作和发展，樊友山提出四方面要求: 28 一是以“三严三实”专题教育为契机，全面加强党的建设，把纪律和规矩挺在前面，从而端正作风，净化思想意识，凝聚广大干部职工的智慧和力量。在此过程中要提高党委掌控全局、把握发展方向的能力，在构建现代企业制度过程中充分发挥党委的政治核心作用; 二是认真谋划中科芯(58所)的战略定位，努力提升研发能力，和以研发能力为基石的核心竞争力。要认真谋划如何凭借自身的芯片技术、掩模技术在智慧城市、智慧小镇等产业领域里形成有中国电科特色的、有中科芯特色的产业; 三是切实以市场运作规律为目标来加强中科芯(58所)的机制建设，并以此提升人才队伍建设水平。要在下一步产业发展过程中体现领军人物、核心技术骨干的利益，要适应集成电路产业的市场规律来构建相应的机制; 四是善于用市场运行的规律来调整运作方式，全面提升管理水平和运作水平。要全力以赴抓好智慧中科芯园区建设，通过以智慧中科芯园区建设为试点，探索集团公司信息化建设3.0版，真正实现协同设计、协同发展;为集团公司物联网发展模式提供探索，形成整体的基于中国制造2025、“互联网+”的智慧运作区域;要思考出基于互联网概念的运作模式，满足可互动、可体验、可展示的要求。 党组成员、副总经理王政(兼任通信事业部管委会主任)，在专题学习研讨会上分享了他对“严以用权”的认识，并向事业部提了几点要求: 29 一是继续深入学习习近平总书记系列重要讲话和十八届五中全会精神，重新审视并做好事业部的“十三五”发展规划; 二是统一思想、坚定信心，推进通信事业部的各项工作; 三是确保2015年通信事业部经营目标的全面实现，着手部署好2016年的工作; 四是按照“三严三实”要求，加强党风廉政建设，班子成员要切实履行好一岗双责。 作为全程督导“三严三实”专题教育工作，并参加本次学习研讨的第三推进组组长陈永俊和第四推进组组长王菊明，对两个单位的学习研讨给予了高度评价，认为会前准备工作充分，撰写发言稿认真，会上能够畅所欲言、不拘形式，坚持问题导向，以正反两面为镜子，对严以用权认识深刻，与本单位的改革发展结合紧密，研讨内容丰富，会议达到了预期效果，是一次高质量、深层次的会议。 通信事业部总经理涂天杰、中科芯(58所)总经理刘岱在表态发言中表示，一定要按照这次专题学习研讨的精神，牢记使命和责任，坚持从严从实的作风，以实际行动做实各项工作，为集团公司高质量进入世界500强和“国内卓越、世界一流”目标的实现贡献力量。 30 宝钢举行党委中心组“三严三实”第三次专题学习研讨 “严以用权，首先要弄清楚权力是谁赋予的，权力要有约束，有权不能任性。严以用权不是不作为、不担当，权力与责任是对等的。党员领导干部要用好手中的权，反对消极懈怠无所作为，要以饱满的精神状态接受‘冬常态’的考验，带领员工，推动宝钢深化改革和转型发展。”11月6日，宝钢集团公司党委书记、董事长徐乐江在党委中心组“三严三实”第三次专题学习研讨会上谈学习体会，并对党员领导干部提出要求。围绕严以用权，宝钢集团公司领导班子成员结合宝钢当前的生产经营现状、分管工作实际和个人思想作风实际，深入研讨如何用好手中的权力，推动宝钢二次创业。徐乐江主持会议，宝钢集团公司总经理陈德荣出席会议。 按照党中央部署、国资委党委要求和宝钢党委的计划安排，在宝钢领导人员中开展“三严三实”专题教育。今年6月、9月，党委中心组分别围绕严以修身、严以律己开展了专题学习研讨。第三次专题学习研讨的主题是:严以用权，真抓实干，实实在在谋事创业做人，树立忠诚、干净、担当的新形象，坚持敢于担当的履职准则，解决“肩膀过硬”问题。集团公司专门编发了学习材料，集团公司领导班子成员带头学，并要求各单位在自学基础上，召开一次专题组织生活进行学习讨论。同时，还及时组织传达学习了党的十八届五中全会精神，组织学习了《中国共产党廉洁自律准则》和《中国共产党纪律处分条 31 例》等相关文件，深刻领会、准确把握两部党内法规的主要条款和精神实质，为开展好此次“严以用权”主题的研讨做好准备。 集团公司工会主席朱义明作《宝钢管理者问卷“三严三实”专题教育专项调查情况报告》。调查报告显示，大多数基层员工认为所在单位能够按照“PDCA+认真”要求，将“三严三实”专题教育做扎实、做细致、做到位。“三严三实”专题教育开展以来，宝钢领导人员在“严以律己”方面改变较为明显，大多数能够做到“严以用权”，落实中央八项规定精神，深化作风建设成效较为显著。报告也反映了一些问题，有基层员工反映领导干部中还存在“凭关系办事，不讲规矩，内外有别，公私不分”、“独断专行、家长作风、搞‘一言堂’”等问题。还有员工们建议，领导人员落实“三严三实”要“一级做给一级看”，防止“一级说给一级听”。希望领导能以身作则，多一点鼓励、指导，少一点形式主义，能融入群众之中，共同面对问题、解决问题。 陈德荣围绕“宝钢新一轮战略发展、存在的困难和挑战，领导干部应以怎样的精神状态，敢于担责、干事创业”谈学习体会。陈德荣指出，严以用权首先要弄清权从哪里来、权该为谁用、权应怎么用等问题，自觉提升践行严以用权的自觉性。“严以用权”包含了四层含义:坚持用权为民;按规则、按制度行使权力;把权力关进制度的笼子里;任何时候都不搞特权、不以权谋私。严以用权，必须要畏权如用火。领导人员要充分认识到公权滥用、公权私用的危害性，管住自 32 己的欲望，管好手中的权力。严以用权，必须要民主使用权力。领导人员必须要坚持民主集中制原则，严格落实“三重一大”决策制度。这不仅是工作方法问题，更是执政能力、执政水平和党性修养的体现。严以用权，必须还要体现勇于担当。严以用权的落脚点是必须用好权，要认识到严以用权与敢于担当是辩证统一。权力意味着责任，权力越大责任也越大。不能为官不为。要围绕“上下同欲者胜”，拿出干事创业的精神状态，把严以用权落实到应对行业严冬，转型发展、创新创业等实际工作中去，切实做到严以用权的同时勇于担当、善谋善成。严以用权也是对公司治理水平的反映。在公司治理层面，严以用权的落脚点应该是如何建立起科学有效的管理架构、决策机制和责任机制。陈德荣表示，要充分发挥表率作用，始终保持攻坚克难的勇气，正视问题不回避、承担责任不推诿、直面矛盾不上交，严以用权，敢于担责、干事创业，团结领导班子成员，在深化国企改革的大背景下，积极应对复杂多变的市场形势，激发广大干部群众干事创业的积极性、主动性和创造性。 集团公司副总经理周竹平围绕“在新一轮发展中，如何真抓实干，推进企业调整改革、转型发展”谈学习体会。宝钢正处在深化改革、转型发展的关键时期，能否顺利实现公司深化改革和转型发展目标，一支作风清廉、业务精熟、勇于创新、严以用权的干部队伍是关键因素之一。要以这次专题教育为契机，引导各级领导人员把“三严三实”要求转化为改进作风、敢于担当、干事创业的强大动力，为公司的深化改革和转型发展提供强有力的政治保证。周竹平结合自己分管的工 33 作和宝钢实际，对宝钢深化改革和规划工作的认识和初步设想作了阐述。他表示，新的经济形势、产业趋势和市场环境，赋予宝钢“二次创业”以新的改革发展背景和内涵，宝钢要积极探索新的改革思路、提出新的变革举措，在深化改革中凤凰涅槃、再创辉煌。 伏中哲、戴志浩、赵周礼等党委中心组成员作了互动交流发言。他们表示，严以用权就是要牢固树立正确的权力观。领导干部要始终想到手中的权力是人民赋予的，要始终把公司利益、员工利益放在第一位。认真对待手中的权力，要时刻提醒自己为谁掌权，为谁服务。按原则、按制度行使权力。严以用权既是党性修养的内在要求，也是为官做人，干事创业的关键所在。领导干部对手中的权力要始终保持如履薄冰的谨慎，坚决守住干净为官的底线。严以用权不是不作为，而是为官有为，保持昂扬向上的精神状态，以上率下，上下同欲，为二次创业作出更大贡献。 徐乐江从三个方面谈学习体会。第一，党员领导干部要清醒地认识到手中的权力是谁赋予的。通过“三严三实”教育，结合中央巡视组向宝钢反馈的情况，党员领导干部要提高对权力的认识，要坚持权为民所用、为公所用。第二，有权不能任性。《中国共产党廉洁自律准则》和《中国共产党纪律处分条例》等相关文件的出台，是党中央从制度建设的角度，要求党员干部严守廉洁从业底线，不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐。徐乐江要求各级党组织过一次组织生活，认真学习，让《准则》和《条例》真正成为党员和领导干部的自觉行动。第三，权 34 力就是责任，有权必须担当。必须履职尽责，为官有为，坚决反对消极懈怠，无所作为。徐乐江指出，权力和责任是对等的，严以用权，不是不担当、不作为，遇到难题绕道走，而是要以饱满的精神状态，应对困难的决心，迎接“冬常态”的考验。坚定信念，率先垂范，带动各级管理者和员工，在宝钢当前面临的前所未有的挑战中，走出一条路来，推动宝钢深化改革和转型发展。 集团公司党委中心组成员，总部部门负责人、二级单位党委书记参加了学习研讨。国资委党建局组织处魏征同志参加会议。 国开行党委中心组举行“严以用权”专题学习研讨 国开行党委书记、董事长胡怀邦11月10日在京主持召开党委中心组学习(扩大)会议。党委班子成员联系对照正反两方面典型，围绕“严以用权，真抓实干，实实在在谋事创业做人，做忠诚、干净、担当的‘好干部’”这一主题，紧扣国开行实际，把自己摆进去，进行专题学习研讨。正在国外访问的国开行党委副书记、行长郑之杰提交书面发言。党委副书记、监事长刘梅生，党委委员、副行长李吉平、王用生、袁力，党委委员、纪委书记周清玉，党委委员、副行长丁向群、张旭光出席会议并作学习研讨发言。中央国家机关纪工委委员、办公 35 室主任张俊森，中组部有关部门同志应邀到会。国开行总行有关部门负责同志列席会议。 胡怀邦带头作学习研讨发言。他强调，能否严以用权是对领导干部对党忠诚、个人干净、敢于担当的考验。就国开行而言，严以用权是用好金融资源、服务经济社会发展的必然要求。领导干部必须过好权力关，把严以用权落到实处。一是为民用权，树立正确的权力观。必须牢记“权为民所赋，权为民所用”，带着感情做好民生工作，把国家的惠民政策落到实处。二是依法用权，按照规章制度行使权力。自觉尊法学法守法用法，建立权力清单、责任清单、行为清单，严肃查处违法违规用权行为。三是尽职用权，担当起谋事创业之责。进一步强化责任意识和担当意识，推进国开行改革发展，更好地服务国家战略。同时加强干部考核工作，坚决整治庸政懒政怠政不作为现象。四是公正用权，处理好公与私的关系，为全行干部员工作出表率，在行内营造风清气正的政治生态和从业环境。五是阳光用权，主动自觉接受监督。党委班子成员要带头配合巡视，主动接受巡视监督;全行每一位领导干部也都应积极配合巡视监督，让权力在阳光下运行。 郑之杰在书面发言中指出，严以用权是领导干部为官从政的基本准则，是践行“三严三实”的关键，必须树立正确的权力观，做到“四有四用”。一是心中有法，依法用权;二是心中有民，秉公用权;三是心中有戒，廉洁用权;四是心中有责，勤勉用权。国开行作为国有开发性金融机构，肩负着代表国家和人民行使金融权力的重要职责， 36 必须正确认识和对待金融机构的权力，更好地运用金融来服务经济社会发展。下一步，一是加强学习，增强履职用权的本领;二是扎实推动业务发展，有效防控风险;三是加强制度建设与监督，切实把依法治行从严治行落到实处。 刘梅生在发言中指出，我们的党作为执政党，权力来自人民，用权就是要为国家为人民谋利益。党员领导干部，一是应当立根固本，为民用权。要坚定理想信念，不断加强学习、勇于实践，真正担当起权力赋予的责任。二是应当遵章守纪，严以用权。要正确对待权力、规范使用权力，不断提高党性修养，自觉接受监督，切实做到务实、公正用权。三是应当忠诚担当，谋事创业。当前，我国经济下行压力依然较大，国开行服务国家战略可谓任务重、责任大，党员领导干部必须率先垂范，发挥带动作用，切实承担起应尽的职责。 出席会议的其他党委班子成员结合工作和思想实际，依次作学习研讨发言。大家一致认为，严以用权是领导干部作风的核心问题，是每个领导干部的第一道门槛和第一堂必修课。作为国开行党委班子成员，必须树立正确的权力观，坚持为民用权、公正用权、依法用权、廉洁用权，把权力关进制度的笼子里，任何时候都不搞特权、不以权谋私，做忠诚、干净、担当的“好干部”，积极推进开发性金融为服务国家战略作出更大贡献。 最后，胡怀邦对国开行前一段“三严三实”专题教育工作进行总结，并对下一步工作进行部署。他要求，要继续抓好“三严三实”专 37 题教育后续工作，配合好中央巡视有关工作。一是强化学习教育长效机制，坚持不懈抓学习。继续深入学习习近平总书记系列重要讲话和十八届四中、五中全会精神，加强主观世界改造，强化思想自觉。二是以高度政治责任感全力配合开展好专项巡视工作。三是继续突出问题导向，抓好整改落实。坚持即知即改、边学边查边改，制定整改台账，落实责任人和时限要求，实时更新。四是切实加强党建和落实“两个责任”，加强民主集中制，加强干部队伍和基层党组织建设，强化监督和党章党纪意识，始终把纪律挺在前面。五是全力以赴完成年底各项工作任务，编制好国开行“十三五”业务发展各项规划，更好发挥开发性金融服务国家战略的独特作用。 38