Listen_this_way听力教程第二版第一册原文_答案

Listen_this_way听力教程第二版第一册原文_答案 Part I Getting ready. 1. disconnected 2. an unpublished number 3. put throuth 4. extension 5. switchboard 6. cell phone/cellular phone 7. handset 8. mobile phone 9. GSM 10. hang on B: Woman: Hello Man: hello, I want the County Hospital W: That’s 38911 M:Thank you 2.W:Hello. Girl: The railway station ,Please W:42661 Girl:What? W: I said 42661 G:OK,Thank you 3.W: my husband’s broken his leg Man: What’s your phone number? W: Call just 82886 , The address is 149Modern Road. M: The ambulance will be there in a few minutes 4.W: Hello, I ‘d like a taxi M: Yes? What is the address? W:179 Heath Road, Hamstit Mh, ok, The taxi will be there in 5 minutes W: Thank you. 5.Man1:Hello, I want a cab. Man2: OK, What address is it? Man1: 1120 East 32nd Street. Man2:Right, The cab will be there in a few minutes. Part II:Giving and receiving phone calls The first call: The number you have reached,3582818,has been disconnected 3582818 has been disconnected The second call: We’re sorry, the number you have reached,4912386, is temporarily out of order.4912386 is temporarily out of order The third call: The number you have reached,5240034,has been changed, the new number is 7828249,please make a note of if, 5240034 has been changed, the new number is 7828249. The fourth call: the number you have reached, 2650325,has been temporarily disconne:cted .2650325 has been temporarily disconnected The fifth call: the number you have reached ,3587202, has been changed to an unpublished number.3587202 has been changed to an unpublished number B: 1. Man: oh! It is rather important, so could you give him a message as soon as he comes in? Tell him Jeremy rang to tell him that Harold Scott is retiring at the end of the month so there will be a job going if he’s interested, OK? Thanks very much. 2. Man: Out? What on earth is he doing? Well, when you see him, tell him that Thomp is hopping mad and he’d better get in touch with him as soon as possible 3. Secretary: Mr Turner’s office Woman: Hello, I’d like to speak to Mr. Turner ,please. Secretary: I am sorry, he’s in a meeting right now, May I take a message? Woman: Ah, yes, this is Mary Roberts from the First National Bank. Secretary: Hm. Woman: Would you ask him to call me at 7721852 Secretary: OK, That’s 77218… Woman:… Woman: ...52, He can reach me at this number until ,say, 12:30, or between 2 and 5 this afternoon Secretary: That’s fine, Miss Roberts, I’ll tell him, I’ll give him your message. Woman: hank you very much, Good-bye Secretary: Good-bye 4. Secretar: Mr Turner’s office Man: Yes, hello, Is Mr. Turner in , please? Secretar: No, I am sorry, he is in a meeting right now, May I take a message? Man: This Man: this is Mr.Brown calling, I have a lunch appointment with Mr Turner for tomorrow on that I have to cancel. I’m going to be out of town for a while.Would you offer my apologies to Mr turner and have him call me please to reschedule?My number here is 7439821. Secretar: OK, Mr.Brown.(I’ll) make sure he gets the message. Man: Thank you very much Secretar: You’re welcome Man: Bye-bye,now. Secretar: bye-bye. PartIII: I’d like to speak to… 1. Just one moment, I’ll put you through Telephonist: Mr.Anderson, just one moment, I’ll put you through Anderson: Yes, Anderson, Accounts Perez:hello, Is that Dr.Bill Henderson? Anderson:No, This is Peter Anderson, You’ve got the wrong extension Perezz; Can you connect me back through the switchboard ,please? Anderson: Well, I’ll try Perez: Hello? Telephonist: Can I help you? Perez: I’d like to speak to Dr. Bill Henderson, please Telephonist: Dr. Henderson, putting you through Henderson: Henderson Perez: Good afternoon, this is Sylvia Perez calling from France Henderson: Sylvia who? Perez: Perez, P-E-R-E-Z.We met last month in Berlin at the trade fair, you expressed an interest in our laboratory measuring equipment Henderson: Oh, yes. Perez: I’m going to be in your area next month and I thought I might like to call in and see you. Henderson: What’s this about again? Perez: You enquiry about our laboratory measuring equipment. Didn’t you get the literature I sent you? Henderson: Yes, yes, that was very interesting Perez: Is it OK if I come in and see you during my visit next month? Henderson: Yes, all right. Perez: What about the morning of Tuesday 10th April at about 11? Henderson: I’ll just see if I can find my diary.April 11th at 10 o’clock you said. Perez: That’s right, is that convenient for you? Henderson: The next day might be better, just after lunch for preference. Perez: So that’s ,Wednesday. That’s great, Shal we say 2:15? Henderson: Yes, 2:50, that’s fine, see you in April then,Goodbye, Miss Perez Perez: Goodbye, Dr. Henderson:, actually it’s Mrs. I’ll write to you to confirm the arrangement just to make sure we’ve got everything right. C. Now try this:listen to a more authentic version of the phone call. (First Attempt) Telephonist: …and company, Can I help you? Perez: Er..can I speak to Dr.Henderson, please? Telephonist: Mr. Anderson,just one monment, I’ll put you through. Anderson: Yes, Anderson, Account. Perez: Oh,er..hello, is ..is that Dr.Bill Henderson? Anderson: What?NO,no, this is Peter Anderson, You’ve got the wrong number extension. You probably want Dr. Henderson in R&D that’s …um.er…657, all right,657 Perez: Oh, um…well,c.. Can you connect me back through the switchboard please? Anderson: Huh! Well, I’ll try Perez: Hello? (Second attempt) Telephonist: …and company, can I help you? Perez: yes, I’d like to speak to Dr. Bill Henderson, pleasse. Telephonist: Dr, Henderson,putting you through. Voice: 657 Perez: Hello. Voice: oh, hello. Caller: Um…is …is that Dr. Henderson? Voice: Er….no. Caller: Oh, er..i’m trying to get hold of Dr.bill Henderson. Voice: Oh, er..i’m trying to get hold of Dr.bill Henderson Voiceh, you want Bill. I ..i’ll just see if I can find him.Um..ju…just a moment Perez: thank you Henderson: Henderson Perez: oh, good , Um…good afternoon, this is Sylvia Perez,Er..i’m calling you from France Henderson: Sylvia who? Perez: Perez.P-E-R-E-Z.Um..we met last month in…in Berlin at the trade fair. Henderson: Oh, yes. Perez: Well, the thing is I’m..i’m going to be in your area next month and I thought I might like to ..um..call in and see you.i’d like to discuss the applications you might have for our equirpment Henderson: Ah, I see.What’s this about again? Perez: You enquiry about our laboratory measuring equipment. Didn’t you get the literature that I sent you? Henderson: Yes, yes Um… that was very interesting. Um… Perez: Well, the thing is :is it OK if I come in and see you during my visit next month? Henderson: I see.Yeah, all right. Perez: Now, what about the morning of Tuesday 10th April, is that Ok? Say at about …er..11? Henderson: I’ll just see if I can find my diary..Umm, yes, here wwe are.Er…April 11th at 10 o’clock you said. Perez: That’s right, Now, um…. Is that OK? Is that convenient for you? Henderson: The next day might be better ,just after lunch for preference Perez right, so that’s ..er…the Wednesday. In fact, that’s suit me fine, that’s great.Now, shall we say…um…2:15? Henderson :Er..certainly, yes. 2:50, that’s ..that’s fine Perez: Oh and by the way, I’ll be bringing our agent Don Rees with em I …if that’s OK with you. Henderson: oh, certainly, Er..what was you name again? Perez: Sylvia perez: P-E-R-E-Z. Henderson: Fine. I’ll see you in April then.You know how to get to our lab, don’t you?Goodbye,then, Miss Perez. Perez: goodbye, Dr. Henderson: and …er…actually it’s Mrs. Oh, and I’ll..um.. I’ll write to you to confirm the arrangements just to make quite sure we’ve got everything…right. Part IV. More about the topic:cell phone: A new Health Risk? More than 20 million handset were shipped world-wide last year for the fast-growing digital cellular phone market. According to the US marketing firm Dataquest, production of GSM(Global System for Mobile communicaations) handsets will exceed 60 million by 2000. The mobile phone is getting more and more popular because of the remarkable improvement of the world's mobile communication service. by the end of this year, there will be 178 GSM networks in 110 countries. providing extended geographic coverage in the form of "roaming agreements" among GSM carries. But since the very day it came into being the mobile pnone has been a mixed blessing.People are worried that it can mean a new health risk. According to scientists from 10 countries who met in Vienna recently. mobile phones may heat up you brain, interfere with heart pacemakers and cause cancer in mice But there is no scientific evidence to support fears that the ever-increasisng use of mobile phones may threaten human health. The group did agree to intensify research into radiofrequency electromagnetic fields(EMF),which emanae from mobile phones. This is something that we hold as a hing priority.we want to find out if these electromagnetic fields do produce cancer." said and EMF expert," this is going to take time, i know everyone wants answers tomorrow but this is just not possible." the EMF project, lauched last year, is a five-year $3.3 million programme to study possible health hazard stemming from exposure to mobile phones and other EMF sources. What will the experts of the EMF projects tell us four or five years later? We just don't know.Will there be the possibility taht one day you find a cell phone carrying a warning similar to the one we have seen too often on cigarette packs:USING MOBILE PHONE MAY BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH? No one can tell at the the moment. Memory test: Two girls Talking on the phone. Clara: That number has been engaged for ages.Nobody can be that popular. i wonder if her number's been changed. i think i'll try again(Dialling) Sue: 3346791 Clara: Is that you sue? Sue: Who's calling Clara: This is Clara, Clara Fulkson. Don't you rememberme? Sue: Clara! of course i remember you. how are you? i haven't heard from you for at least 2 years. what are you doing? Clara: Nothing very exciting. That's one reason I'm ringing. i need some advice. Sue: Advice?Hm..that's a good one. i've just been sacked(Pips) Clara: Theres (a) pips. Hang on Sue(Insert a coin) What do you mean you've just been sacked?Sue, you are the most successful woman i know. sue: That's probably why i've been sacked.but let's talk about you.You said you needed some advice. Clara: I certainly do. i want to ask you about interviews. have you havd a lot of them? sue: Yes, i have. too many Clara: Could you tell me the sort of questions you are usually asked? Sue: So me think. the first ten question are almost always the same. i call them the why's how's and where's.(pips again) Clara: Not again, Don't go away, Sue, i've got one more coin(insert one more coin) Are you there Sue? Sue: Yes, i'am still here? Clara: Sorry, i didn't understand what you were telling me.Could you repeat it? Sue: It is very boring. but here you are. iam always asked:why i want to leave my present job; why i'm interested in the new job; how i intend to get to work' how long i intend to stay at the job, Where i live; where i went to school; how much i 'm paid in my present job;how much i expect to be paid in the new job. oh, yes, i 'm always asked if i'm married.(pips again) Clara: That is it, Sue. No more coins, i'll write to you soon. and many thanks. Question for memory test: 1. What are the manes of the two speakers? 2. Where might the caller make the phone call? 3. How many coins did the caller insert? 4. How long haven’t the two girls seen each other for? 5. How many why’s ,how’s and where’s can you rememberf? Place a tick by all the questions you can rember. Can I take a message? (2) Part 1 Getting ready Some telephone calls will not get through without the help of an operator. For example, a person-to-person call and a collect call, which will be paid for by the person who receives it. Sometimes a long distance call and an overseas call will also be connected by operator if it is not a direct call. A. The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to the telephone and some are frequently used when giving and receiving phone calls. Listen carefully and studied the definitions. 1. person to person call 2. collect call 3. go through 4. operator 5. hang up 6. information 7. answering machine 8. exchange 9. touch tone telephone 10. IDD B. Here are some short conversations on the phone. Please listen and supply the missing words. l —Hello! I have a collect call from Calvin Leon, will you accept the charges? —Sure. Put him on. l —Operator! —Operator! I am trying to call 7982294. —That number is outside this zone. It’s a dollar 45 for 3 minutes. —All right. I’ll put in the coins. l —Overseas operator. Which country? —Italy —Yes, go ahead. —I’d like to book a call to Venice Italy. —From which date and time? —August 19th at 10 a.m. —What’s your name and phone number? —Robert Smith. 6643639. The number in Venice is 8211083. —We’ll call you when your call is ready to go through. l —Hello. I have a person-to-person call for Mr. Hawkins from Corey Jones. —There is no Hawkins here. What number are you dialing? —I’m trying reach William Hawkins at 6099525. —That’s our number but you’ve made a mistake. —Sorry for disturbing you. Part 2 Giving and receiving phone calls Sometimes, even when a telephone call goes through, the caller is still unable to speak to the person being called. Instead, the call might be answered by a machine. An answering machine answers calls with the tape recording. And many answering machines also allow the caller to record a message. It’s more efficient to leave your name and telephone number than to waste your time calling again and again. A. In this section, you are going to hear several calls that are answered by machines. Listen to the recorded messages. Write down the reasons why each call is being answered by machine instead of a person and the actions you decide to take. Write, W for wait on the line, L for leave a message and C for call back later. ( the first call) l This is the Transit Authority’s telephone information Center. We are open daily between 6:00 am and midnight. All our lines are busy now, you will hear ring until the next available agent can assist you. ( the second call) l This is call for action. 925-1066. I’m sorry. Our volunteers are not on duty at this time. Please calling a regular hours: 11:00 am to 1:00pm Monday to Friday. Remember the number 925-1066. 11:00am to 1:00 pm. Thank you. ( the third call) l Hi! This is Charlie. I’m not home now. But if you leave your name and telephone number after the beep. I’ll get back to you as soon as I can. ( the fourth call) l Hi! This is Pioneer Travel. Specializing in Bicycle Tours of Eastern Europe. All Agents are busy now. But your call really is important to us so please stay on the line. One of us will be with you as soon as possible. Thanks. ( the fifth call) l Hi! This is Steve. I can’t come to the phone now. I’m taking a shower. So at the sound of the beep, leave a message or just hang up if you want to. Message taking is one of the most useful skills in dealing with telephone calls. A great deal of practice is needed in this respect. B. You are going to hear some recorded phone calls. The first three calls are for Mr. Hamilton and the last one is for Mr. Dobson. 1. First listen to some names. Rebecca Evans Ted Paola Andreotti 2. Now listen to the calls. While listening for the first time add more key words if you can in the left-hand column. After the second listening complete the messages in right-hand column with the help of the notes. l Look! I can’t stop. Tell HoratioI couldn’t get the red ones but there are plenty of blue, he can see them any time. Oh, my name is Ted, bye. l Well, I was hoping to speak to Mr. Hamilton myself. But perhaps you’ll give him a message for me. Tell him that Mr. Evans of Smith and Wheeler called. They are a few details regarding the sale of his property that we need to discuss. And I’ll be glad if he would contact as soon as possible. Thank you very much. Goodbye. l Oh, well. Would you tell him Rebecca called? Give him this message. Remember your promise. That’s all. You will do that, won’t you? Don’t forget. Bye. l — Green and Harding. Good morning. —Oh, good morning. This is Paola Andreotti calling from Rome. —I’d like to speak to Mr. Guy Dobson, please. —Oh, certainly, ma’am. I’ll connect you immediately. —Hello. —Oh, is that Guy Dobson? —Er…No, is that Paola? —Yes. Oh, hi, this is Bob Swanson. —Oh, hi. Is Guy around? —Just a minute. I’ll check. No, he doesn’t seem to be. He should be back any minute. Can I help you? —Yeah. Look, can I leave a message with you? —Yes, sure. —It’s urgent. There is been a mix-up about the labeling of product number 15437-B. That’s the one for the Italian Market. —I’ve got that. —And I bought him to get in touch so it be cleared up. —Ok. —He can reach me at this number till tomorrow evening. —Mmm. —It’s 002-5589847. —Ok. He can reach you at this number till tomorrow evening. 002-5589847. —That’s right, great. —Thanks , Bob. —Ok, bye-bye. C. Now try this. Listen to the more authentic versions of the calls. Part 3 Oh, there is a phone. If you want to get a telephone call through, you’ll have to know the correct number. Sometimes the information center will help you if the number is not an unpublished one and you know the receiver’s address. If you are using a coin telephone, you’ll have to have some coins at hand. But if the number you dialed is busy, all you effort will result in nothing. A. You are going to hear a conversation in which one of the speakers tries several times to make a phone call, but fails at last. The following vocabulary, which is only acceptable oral English, is used in the conversation. Guess the meaning when you hear these words and expressions. While you listen don’t forget add more key words in the notes column. That will be very helpful for the next section. B. You’re going to hear the conversation again. Answer the following question with the help of the notes. l —Oh, there is a phone. Wait a sec, I wanna call my cousin. —Why do you want to call your cousin? —Because I told her I’d meet her at the bookstore at 12:30, and if you and I are going to have lunch, I’ve got to let her know that I’ll be late. —We’re sorry. We cannot complete your call as dialed. Please check the number and dial again or ask the operator for assistance. This is a recording. —Hmm. I must have dialed wrong. —What’s the matter? —I’ve got a recording. I’ll try it again. —We’re sorry. We cannot complete your call as dialed. —I don’t understand that. I’ve called her a million times. —Well, do you have the number? —Sure, but not with me. I’ll call Information. —Directory assistance, what city please? —Boulder, the number for Dorothy Campbell on Cloverleaf. —Wait a moment please. I show a D.J Campbell on Cloverleaf Drive. —That’s it. —The number is 4472023. —Thank you. I don’t believe it. I dialed the wrong exchange. I dialed 477, instead of 447. —Yeah, I’ve done that too. —Well, let’s try it again. —25cents, please. Please deposit 25 cents for the first one-minute. —Hey, Marilyn, have you got a quarter? —Yeah, I think so. —Never mind. I found one. —Oh, boy. Her phone is busy. —C’mon.. Let’s work to the restaurant. You can try again from there. —Ok. But if I can’t reach her to tell her I’ll be late, I can’t have lunch with you. She’ll kill me if she has to wait for me. —Ok, but I won’t have lunch anyway, so let’s go. C. Now try this. Listen to a more authentic version of the conversation. And decide whether the statements after the conversation are true or false. Put a T or F in brackets. Statements: 1. The girls haven’t has supper yet. 2. The recording says that the number has been changed. 3. The caller calls Information for her cousin’s number. 4. Dorothy Campbell lives in Cloverleaf Drive, New York. 5. The correct exchange is 447. 6. The caller is using a cell phone. 7. The caller borrows a quarter from Marilyn. 8. The call gets through but no one answers the phone. 9. The will probably be a telephone at the restaurant. 10. The caller’s cousin won’t be angry if she has to wait. Part 4 More about the topic: Videophones call gets the call. Nowadays, more and more mothers go out of their homes and become career woman. More and more extended families are being replaced by nuclear families. Some new problems hence occur. Such as how to make to make sure the kids behave at home. What to do with the lonely grandparents who cannot see their grandchildren often etc. Brilliant scientists rose to the occasion: They invited Videophones. The following short passage is about Videophones. Supply the missing words while listening. l Videophones are now available in British Columbia, Canada. For about 30 dollars a month, you can see and hear the other person at the end of the telephone line. And even call home and use the video camera to check out on the kids or valuables. A subscriber must have a touch-tone telephone. A standard telephone line and a television or computer to connect to the device, which can pan, tilt and zoom. If a VCR is attached, the videophone call can also be taped. But don’t worry that the cameras will start rolling as soon as you pick up your videophone. Both parties must decide to activate the picture. So you can still make faces at your in-laws without them seeing. The videophone can also be activated from outside the home. For those who want to check whether they been robbed or if the kids are behaving. Subscribers dial home, punch in a security code and watch, the at home videophone must be left on for this to happen. The device has been used by health care professional to check up on patients. By grandparents who want to see their grandchildren and by companies for interviewing job candidates. The videophone technology isn’t all new. Videophones were around 61 years ago when German engineers set up 6 booths in Berlin and Leipzig. People could make calls for only twice the cost of a voice-only conversation. AT and T also introduce videophones at the 1964 World Fair, but the idea never took off. Part 5 Memory test: How to make an International Direct Dialing (IDD) call? With the advent of the programme-controlled telephone, you can now make an International Direct Dialing call without the help of an operator. That, of course means great conveniences for the caller. But if you have never personally made an IDD call, you may ask how to begin? If you want to make an International Direct Dialing call, you have to know four things: the access code, the country code, the area code and the local telephone number. For example if you want to make an IDD call to a friends of yours in Sydney Australia from Shanghai at 24661923. First you have to dial China’s Access code 00 and then you dial Australia’s Country code 61, after that Sydney area code 2, and at last the local telephone number 24661923. So the whole number will be 0061224661923. A. Now you’re going to hear some Access, Country and Area Codes. Write down the numbers as quickly as possible. Country or Area Access Code Country Code Area Code China 00 86 Beijing 10 USA 001 1 Washington DC 202 United Kingdom 010 44 Manchester 61 Canada 011 1 Toronto 416 Australia 0011 61 Melbourne 3 Netherlands 00 64 Wellington 4 Russia 810 7 Moscow 095 Japan 001 81 Tokyo 3 France 19 33 Paris 1 Germany 00 49 Berlin 30 Italy 00 39 Venice 41 B. You’re going to hear some instructions on making IDD calls. With the help of the above table, write down the whole telephone number as quickly as possible. 1. You’re in Venice now; you want to call a friend in Beijing at 4172258. 2. You’re in Tokyo now; you want to call a friend in Washington DC at 4554325 3. You’re in Melbourne now; you want to call a friend in Wellington at 6562008. 4. You’re in Moscow now; you want to call a friend in Toronto at 5463242. 5. You’re in Paris now, you want to call a friend in Manchester at 5761068. Listen this way听力教程第一册03 PartI Getting ready A: 1.Freezing point 2.Relative humidity 3.Calm 4.Barometric pressure 5.Wildly scattered 6.Shower 7.lows 8.Variable 9.Thunderstorm 10.Gales B. 1.the freezing point of water is 0 or 32 2.The boiling point of water is 100 or 212 3.The normal body temperature is 37 or 98.6 4.The temperature on a warm spring day is 15 or 59 5.The temperature on a hot summer day is 35 or 95 C:This is NYBA.We'll report on weather around the world.Here in New Youk,it's 7:10.the temperature is a warm 30 degrees.The sun is shinning.In Auckland,New Zealand,it's 11:10,it's cloudy,and the temperature is a cool 7 degrees Centigrade.In Beijing,the time is 7:10 in the evening,it's clear and the temperature is 19 degrees.the time While in Calcutta is 4:40 p.m.it's raining in Calcutta,but it's not cold.The temperature is 33 degrees.Honolulu time is 1:00 a.m.it's warm and windy.the temperature now is 30 degrees.Melbourne,Australia time now is9:10 p.m it's clear and the temperature is 10 degrees Centigrade.In Mexico City,it's 5:10 in the morning,it's raining in Mexico City.the temperature at 5:10 is 24 degrees.The time now in Moscow is 2:10 p.m.it's a sunny 26 degrees.Paris time is 12:10 in the afternoon.The sky is clear and it's 27 degrees .In San Francisco, the time now is 3:10 in the morning.Skies are cloudy and the temperature is 21 degrees.Sao Paulo,Brazil time now is 8:10 a.m. it's raining in Sao Paulo.the temperature is 14 degrees. Part II A weather report Now the weather report.it'll be mainly clear.In the day the high will be 15 degrees.At six o'clock the temperature was 8 degrees,the humidity 45 percent. Tomorrow's forecast is not very promising.We can expect cloudy,cold,windy weather.The temperature will drop to 5 degrees in the morning.it'll get warmer in the afternoon with a high temperature of 10 degrees.in the evening there's a good chance that we'll get some rain or snow. the temperature in the evening will drop to 0 degrees B & C: Good evening.Here is the National Weather Service forecast for the Chicago area.The ten p.m temperature: Lakefront 76 degrees, Midway 76 degrees,O'Hare 74degrees.Relative humidity 66 per cent.the winds are calm,the barometric pressure thirty point oh eight and rising. Tonight partly cloudy,some widely scattered showers.lows in the lower 70s and light and variable winds. Tomorrow partly sunny and very warm,Highs in the upper 80s,south winds five to ten miles per hour. Tomorrow night fair,with lows in the middle 60s Tuesday hot and humid and mostly sunny,highs around 90. The extended forecast through Friday:hot,with daily highs 90 to 95 and daily lows in the upper 60s Fair Wednesday and Thursday Partly cloudy,chance of thunderstorms on Friday Repeating the ten p.m temperature:lakefront 76,Midway 76,O'Hare74. thank you for calling Part III At bus stop Woman:Oh,i wish that bus would come!my feet are freezing. Man: Have you been waiting long? Woman:It feels like hours---but i suppose i've only been here ten minutes or so. Man:That's long enough in this weather.this is awful.i hate winter' Woman:So do I.And this morning the sun was shinning and they were predicting light rain Man:i've been calling the weather report all day since it started to snow.They're still predicting one or(to)two inches but we've got at least three inches already,My shoes are full of snow Woman:Well,that's typical.Remember last year when they predicted four inches of snow and we ended up with four feet? Man: I wasn't here last year.but we had the same thing in Detroit.We were supposed to get a little rain one night,but when we woke up, guess what? there were six inches of snow on the ground and it was still coming down hard.i didn't go to work that day Woman:Well ,if it's really bad, i won't go in to the office tomorrow---I'll work at home. Man: What kind of work do you do? Woman:I'm an attorney,My office is around the corner. Man:Oh,that's where i've seen you before.i work in the same building----in that travel agency off the lobby. Woman:Oh, of course Man:And i've seen you walk by several times,stop in and have cup of coffee sometimes Woman:i wish i had a cup of coffee right now Man:Well, listen,we're standing right in front of a donut shop,why don't i get some coffee and bring it out for us. Woman:That sounds wonderful,----Oh,look,there's the bus.thanks anyway. Man: That's okay,Another time---Boy,am i glad to see that bus! Statements: 1.The man has been waiting longer than woman. 2.Both the woman and the man hate winter 3.There are more than three inches of snow on the ground 4.They are in Detroit 5.The woman's office is not far from the bus stop 6.Sometimes they have coffee together 7.They're standing in the front of a doughnut shop. 9.The bus comes exactly when they get their coffee. 10.The man doesn't know whether he is glad to see that bus or not. PartIV More about the topic: is Earth Overheating? Evidence shows that over the past 160 000 years there has been a close correlation between global average temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In 1800,before the Industrial Revolution began to take full effect, the carbon dioxide level was about 280ppm,By the 1890's the carbon dioxide level had risen to perhaps290ppm.Today,according to analyses of air samples,the level is more than 350ppm. 25 per cent higher than the 1800 level. At the same time, Scientist have noted that the global average temperature is steadily rising.Since the 1980's ,most summers have been unusually hot,in fact,the six warmest year since 1901 have occurred in the past two decades,and 1988 saw the century's highest global average temperature.the 1988 heat wave focused public attention on a possibility that had worried scientists for some time---the possibility of a disastrous rise in Earth's temperature. Scientists tell us that it is the burning of coal, oil,and other fuels that has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,Factories account for 29 per cent of the carbon dioxide added by the burning of fuels;electric power plants,28 per cent; motor vehicles,27 per cent; and heating equipment for homes and business,16 per cent. As Stephen Schneider,a climatologist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research puts it, "it is often said that we do not so much inherit the world from our forebears,but rather we borrow it from your children .it is increasingly urgent that we act to prevent our debt from growing out of control. Part V Memory test:Weather Forecast A:Announcer:....and now for the weather forecast.Tomorrow will be another cold day generally in all parts of the country,with maximum temperatures of five degrees above zero.Around London and the southeast of England it will be a dry day,with some sunshine on the southeast coast in the afternoon.In the southeast the morning will be sunny,but during the afternoon it will be cloudy,with some rain on the southeast coast. the north of England and Scotland will be very cold and windy all day. While on the northeast coast of Scotland there will probably be some snow during the evening...Well,that's the weather outlook for tomorrow.And that's all from me.Goodnight. B: Newscaster:...and that's the end of the news.Now we'll go over to the weather center for the weather forecast for the whole of the United Kingdom. Weatherman:Good evening,Due to the depression lying off the north England and the high in the south of England, tomorrow's weather will be variable across the country.Starting ,then,in the southwest,it'll start cool and become warm with long periods of sunshine.Around London and the southeast, the day will be dry but cloudy at times.In the Midlands, it'll be cloudy all day with showers at times.Moving over, then, to Norht Wales,there may be fog patches over the mountains for probably much of the day,while in South Wales it'll be generally windy.In the northest,it'll be cloudy all day, some rain everywhere and it'll be heavy at times.Furhter north in Scotland, we can expect sleet in those areas south of Edinburgh, while in the very north of Scotland and the Hebrides, there'll be snow on high ground.Now in Northern Ireland, there's a possibility of rain, and it'll certainly be very cold.that's the end of the weather forecast. Unit 4 Can Time Move Backward? Part I Getting ready If you read a clock,you can know the time of day.But no one knows what time itself is.We cannot see it;we cannot touch it;we cannot hear it.We know it only by the way we mark its passing.Despite of all our sucess in measuring the smallest parts of time, time itself is still one of the great mysteries of the universe. A.(omit) B You are going to eight short dialogues concerning time.As you listening,choose from the following the clock which gives the time when each dialogue takes place and write the number of dialogue in the brackets above it. Tapescripts: 1 Man:What time do you have? Waman:I have a quarter to five. Man:Excuse me?Wht’s the time? Waman: A quarter to five. 2 Waman:What time is it? Man:It’s 10:15. Waman:Are you sure? My watch has 10:30. Man: Your watch must be fast. I have just set mine by the radio. 3 Waman:Could you give me the time? Man: It’s 7:05 exactly. 4 Man: What time have you got? Waman:About 4:30. 5 Man: Can that clock be right? Waman:That clock is always off. It’s 3 o’clock sharp. 6 Waman:Check the clock ,there’s a clock in the kitchen. Man: It’s a little before eleven. 7 Waman:Are you going to be late? Man:We willl be unless we hurry. Waman:When dose the movie start, Man:At 6:40.We’ve got fifteen minutes to get there. 8 Man:Do you have the time ? Waman:It’s about three-twenty-five. Man:Oh,no.I’m late.I have appointment in twenty minutes. Waman:Don’t worry.I’ll drive you wherever you have to go. C You are going to hear five statements about time difference.Complete the following sentences. Tapescrists: 1 When it is Part II Local Time A Tapescripts: Ladies and Gentlemen. May we kindly ask you kindly ask you to remain seated until the aircraft has reach its final position. The temperature here in London is 15? or 59 ?.The exact local time is 11:35.Camptain Smith and his crew would like to say goodbye to you. We hope you enjoy your flight. Thank you. B Tapescript: Telephonist:Hello,Santos Trading. Mr.Wong:Oh,hello.This is Mr.Wong here,callig from Singapore. Telephonist:Yes, Mr.Wong,who do you want to speak to? Mr.Wong:Um…I’d like to speak to Mrs.Cox,please. Telephonist:Fine,putting you through. Woman:Hello,can I help you? Mr.Wong:Oh,hello.This is Mr.Wong calling from Singpore.Er…may I speak to Mrs.Cox,please? Woman:Oh,I’m afraid Mrs.Cox is away.She has the flu and she may not be back in the office till Monday.I expect her assistant,Mr.Cox,can help.I’ll just see if he is in the office.Hld on a moment,please.… Hello,Mr.Wone? Mr.Wong:Yes. Woman:I’m very sorry,(but)heis just now.Can I take message for him, Mr.Wong:Oh,yes,please.Will you tell him I won’t be arriving in Melbourne until quite late this Saturday,at 1 a.m.local time.(um.)And will Mrs.Cox still be able to meet me? Woman:Right. Mr.Wong:And also inform the Royal Hotel that I’ll be arriving very late. Woman:Sure. Mr.Wong:Oh,wonderful,thanks.Could you please…er…telex or phone me to confirm that this is possible? Woman:Right,I…I’ll take the message.I’ll giveit to Mr.Cox ad I’m sure he’ll be in touch with you.Thank you very much,Mr.Wong. Mr.Wong:Thank you. Part III Ladies and gentlemen Tapescripts: Ladies and Gentlemen.If I can I have your attention for a moment please? I have the final notices for this final session of the conference.Now,first of all,I’d like to mention that the urban pollution session has been very popular so we moving the final discussion to Rome201.That’s Rome201.Which means that the domestic shelter session will be changed from Rome201 to room 304.That’s the domestic shelter session in Rome304. I hope everybody’s got that. Now I have a notice here that you must return your keys to the porter’s lodge before you leave. So anybody who has forgotten to bring them with you.,please get them and return them before you leave.Thank you. Turning now to your discussion records.I would like to see you return them to the session chairpeople by 5 o’clock this afternoon.That’s 17 hundred hours.Thank you. Regarding coaches for the airpoart…ah…they will be gathering outside the Kennedy Building at 3:30.That’s…ah…15:30 hours.And there’ll be another one a little later than that at 15 hour…that’s 17:15.That’s 5:15.I’d like to ask you all to be there, ready for the buses, at least 5 minutes before the departure times. So we can all leave promptly and everybody will get home. Thank you. I have particular messages for…ah…Dr.Schap…Schapsinger and Dr.Garbeldi and Dr.Surinander.I’d like to ask you three…Are you here Dr.Surinander? Dr.Garbeldi? Yes. And Dr.Surinander? I like to ask to collect your reprints from the conference desk before you leave.Thaknk you. Finally I have a reminder from Dr.Goldman of the Chicago Institute that the Sixth Annual Convention of PES will be held in the Hawaii in October 1986. I think you’ll all be …ah…interested in marking that day in your caledar.That’s the Sixth Annual Convention of PES, October 86.And I’d like anybody that’s interested in that conference to leave your name at the conference desk. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen. I know it has been a very much happy event for me, this conference. And I hope that you too have found it a happy and productive time .Thank you all for coming. Part IV More about topic: Day-light-saving Time Omitted Part V Memory test: Radio Announcement Typescripts: Announcer: And now here are some of the things you can listen to this evening here on Radio2.Our Wednesday play is at nine and is called Old People Talking: it’s about a small group of old age pensioners sitting in a social club remembering the past. Before that at 7:30 we have “My Favorite Discs” in which Jenny Lindley talks about the records that influenced her music creer.At 10:30 there’s a service from St.Paul’s.On Radio 3 the big event of the evening is the broadcast of La Traviata from the Albert Hall: it’s at 9:00 is Peter Morris remembering his adventures while fishing in Scotland .Radio 1 has as usual continuous pop music :from 6 to 8 it’s Joe Newland with his friends. So if you’re in for the evening or listening on the radio there should be something for you; stay tuned. Questions for memory test: 1. Which channel are you listening to? 2. If you are interested in the opera,which channel are you going to listen to? 3. Which channel will La Traviata be on, 4. What day is it ? 5. What’s the name of the 9 o’clock play? 6. What is on radio 2 at 7:30? 7. Where is on radio 1 at 10:30? 8. Where did James Farmer travel? 9. When will Peter Morris be on Radio 3? 10. When will Felicity Newcombe be on Radio 3? Unit 5 Flying In and Out Part I Getting ready Omitt Part II Airport announcements Tapescripts: 1. Alitalia to Milan,flight number A2291 now boarding at date 6. Alitalia flight number A2291 boarding gate 6. 2. This is final call for Sabena to Brussels flight number SN608.Any remaining passengers must go immediately to gate 8 where the is now closing.Sabena flight number SN608 closing now at gate 8 3. Passengers to New York.British Airways regret to advise a delay of 35 minutes on their flight number BA175 to New York. 4. British Airways regret that all flights are subject to delay.This is due to a shortage of baggage handlers. 5. Passengers to Madrid.Iberia Airlines of Spain regret to advise a delay of two hours on their flight IB551 to Madrid.This delay is due to the late arrival of the incoming flight.That is a delay of two hours on Iberia flight number IB551 to Madrid. 6. Passengers to Zurich,Swissair regret to advise a delay of 40 minutes on their flight SR805 to Zurich.This is due to a mechanical fault.That is a delay of 40 minutes on Swissair flight number SR805 to Zurich. Part III A trip to the states B (Conversation 1) Travel agent: What can I help you with today? My name’s Steve. Traveller: My name’s Mr. Sanchez. I would like to go on a business trip to London. Travel agent: When are you planning on travelling? Traveller: I plan on travelling at the end of mouth. Today is September 10 and I wish to travel on September 29. Travel agent: On September 29, that’s within 21 days. Most of the best airline rates just now are with a 21-day or a 30-day advance purchase. If you’re travelling within 21 days the rates might tend to be a little higher. If you must leave on the 29th the only advance purchase available would be a 7-day advance purchase, and the only rate available would be $595 in each direction, so that would make a total of $1190 round trip. Traveller: That’s OK. Travel agent: One moment please. You said you wanted to leave on September29 and what was your return date? Traveller: October 15. Travel agent: OK, October 15. Do you have a preference on airlines? Traveller: If possible, British airways. Travel agent: British airways, OK. Ticketing deadline is set for 15 September. If you want a couple of days to think about it, we can hold the reservation until then. Traveller: No, I can complete immediately. Travel agent:Ok, would you be paying by cash orcredit card. Traveller: Visa. Travel agent: A visa card, Ok. Hold on just one moment… (conversation2) Clerk: Can I help you this evening? Traveller: I’m travelling to San Francisco. Clerk: Ok, do you have your ticket? Traveller: Yes, I do. Clerk: Would you like smoking of non-smoking seats? Travelle: No smoking please. Clerk: This evening you’re going to be travelling out on flight317. Your seat us 17A,non-smoking,window. Travelller: Thank you .Do you need to see my passport? Clerk: No sir. Were there any bags you’d like to check this evening? Traveller: Yes please, one. Clerk: Is your name and address in your bag, sir? Traveller: Yes, it is. Clerk: Ok, your claim check is stapled in the back of your ticket. Your flight’ll be departing out of Gate 22. Boarding time is 6:40 and your flight leaves at 7:00. Traveller: Thank you very much indeed. Clerk: Have an enjoyable flight this evening. C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the evening of the conversations. (Conversation 1) Travel agent: …May I help you, sir? My name’s Steve. Traveller: My name’s Mr. Sanchez. Travel agent: Mr. Sanchez, what can I do for you today? Traveller: I plan on travelling at the end of mouth. Today is September 10 and I wish to travel on September 29. Travel agent: On September 29, let’s see. Oh, that’s within 21 days. Er… most of the best airline rates just now are with a 21-day or a 30-day advance purchase. If you’re travelling within 21 days the rates might tend to be a little higher.But let me check for you and see what’s available… If you must leave on the 29th, the only advance purchase available would be a 7-day advance purchase, and the only rate available would be…let me check one moment for you. If you’re travelling whining 21 days the only rate available would be $595 in each direction, so that would make a total of… $1190 round trip. Traveller: That’s OK. Um…so will you … Travel agent: That’s OK? This is Ok with you? Ok.Um… if that…if that rate is available…if that rate is available for those dates, let me go ahead and see if I can get that. One moment please. Traveller: Thank you. Travel agent: You said you want to leave on September29 and what was your return date? Traveller: October 15. Travel agent: OK, October 15.Um,let me see, do you have a preference on airlines or …most of the date rates are fairly similar on all the airlines. There really isn’t much of a difference. Um, do you have a preference on airlines? Traveller: If possible, British airways. Travel agent: British airways, OK. Let me check one moment,let me give them a call…. Ok.Um,this is Steve calling from…ah…NTC Travel Club. I was wondering if you could tell me if you have one seat available for travel form San Francisco to London on September 29….Oh, OK you do, thank you. Is there a return available for October 15?...Great,thank you very much, I’d like to hold that reservation if I can,Um,last name will be Sanchez…and excuse me,what was your first name? Traveller: Roberto. Travel agent: Ok.First name is Roberto.Mr….OK,and what is date on that? $1190 round trip,thank you. And what is the ticketing deadline is set for september15.OK, thank you very much,we’ll be calling you back with the ticket numbers on that. Thank you. As of right now if you what to go ahead and pay for it today,we can go and take care of it right now of you want a couple of days to think about it,we can hold the reservation until then. Traveller: No, I can complete immediately. Travel agent: Ok, would you be paying by cash…um…or credit card? Traveller: Visa. Travel agent: A visa card, Ok. Let me just go ahead and run the authorization through to make sure that everything’s OK and we can get the ticket issued for you.Hold on just one moment… (conversation2) Clerk: Can I help you this evening? Traveller: Yes please…um, I’d like…I’m travelling to San Francisco. Clerk: Ok, do you have your ticket already this evening? Traveller: Yes, I do. Clerk: …OK, sir, would you like smoking of non-smoking seats? Travelle: Er, no smoking please. Clerk: OK….OK.This evening you’re going to be travelling out on flight317. Your seat us 17A, non-smoking, window. Travelller: Thank you very muchindeed .Do you need to see my passport? Clerk: Ah.No sir. Traveller: Thank you very much. Clerk: Were there any bags you’d like to check this evening? Traveller: Yes please, one. Clerk: OK… Is your name and address in your bag, sir? Traveller: Yes, it is. Clerk: Ok, your claim check is stapled in the back of your ticket. Your flight’ll be departing out of Gate 22. Boarding time is 6:40 and your flight leaves at 7:00. Traveller: Thank you very much indeed. Clerk: OK,have an enjoyable flight this evening. Part IV More about the topic: In-flight Service Tapescript: Jane: Ladies and gentlemen, and children of course. This is your cabin stewardess, Jane. Our in-flight film will be starting in ten minutes’ time, and today we are showing a love story, certificate fifteen. It lasts a hundred and eighteen minutes, but one more important, it starts Mary Morgan and Peter o’Moore, and it’s a good family entertainment. If you do want to watch, there is a just a small cash we have to charge, unfortunately. We will come round with the headphones, so please have your money ready. In dollars, it will be 5 dollars, in the sterling, two fifty. Just a few words about the film. It is the humorous love story with plenty of action. Theirs is bank robbery and a very exciting chase by helicopter. And there’s some lovely scenery in the mountain, and some good scenes in Paris and London. And some of the scenes were shot in our airline helicopters in New York. Now, while I come around with the headphones, I’ll hand you over to Pat who’ll tell you about the duty-free bargains from our shop. Pat: Hello, ladies and gentlemen. If you do not want to watch the film, the bar is open on the deck below. Or, if you press the buzzer, one of us, Anne and myself, will be alone to take an older. And as Jane said, there’s our duty-free shop which is full of super bargains. You will find a list of you---we mentioned when you first came aboard---and if you want to be order something, we will bring it to your seat. That is how the shop works. Well, ladies and gentlemen, that’s about it, and while we are waiting to start, I’ll play you some background music from the film. Part V Memory test: Airline Information Typescripts: Hello and thank you for calling World Airways. The following is current arrival and departure information for Saturday, October 1st: Flight 41 from Oakland is scheduled to arrive at 12:05, though Gate 17. Passengers may be met at baggage is Claim Area 14. Flight 40 to Oakland is scheduled to depart at 1:55, though Gate 17. For further informatioin and reservations, please call 5235611. thank you for calling World Airways. Aloha and welcome to United’s Friendly Skies. United Airlines present current friendship arrival and departure information for Saturday, October 1st. Friendship arrivals are as follows: One-eight-one from San Francisco, 11:00 a.m. One-nine-one from Los Angeles, 11:55 a.m. One-nine-one from San Diego, 1:10 p.m. One-nine-five from Los Angeles, 12:45p.m. Sixty-seven from Seattle.12:32 p.m. One-one-nine from Los Angeles, 2:28 p.m. One from Chicago, 2:02 p.m. Three from Chicago, at 5:00 p.m. Thank you for calling Pan Am. Recorded information for flight today, Saturday, October 1st, between 5:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Flight eight-one-two from Sydney and Auckland at 5:50 a.m. Flight ten from Osaka at 8:25 a.m. Flight eight-three-zero from 8:30 a.m. Passengers arriving on these flights may be greeted at the Flight Arrivals Building. Pan Am departures are as follows: Flight one-two-four, San Francisco and London, at 8 o’clock. Flight eight-one-two to Los Angeles and Houston,at 8:30 a.m. Flight nine to Osaka at 11 o’clock a.m. Flight eight-three-one to Tokyo and Osaka at 12 o’clock noon. Thank you for calling Pan American. Unit 6 By Bus or by train? Part? Getting ready A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to travelling especially by bus and by train and some are frequently used in railway announcements. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. transfer: move or change from one vehicle to another in the course of a journey 2. fare: the price charged to carry a person by bus, train, taxi, etc. 3. via: travelling through a place on the way 4. cab: a taxi 5. platform: a raised flat surface built along the side of the track at a railway station for travellers getting on or off a train 6. alteration: something changed 7. call at: stop at a particular place for a short time to allow people to get on or off 8. inter-city train: a type of British rail train which carries passengers quickly from one city to another with fewer stops and better service than other trains 9. automobile: a car 10. car pool: an agreement made by a number of car owners to take turns driving each other to work, school, etc. B You are going to hear some short conversations. Supply the missing words. 1. Passenger: Excuse me, driver. Does this bus go past the exhibition center? Driver: No, not this bus. You'll have to transfer downtown. Passenger: Which bus do I take from there? Driver: I believe it's the number eighty-eight bus. 2. Passenger: This bus will take me to the Holiday Inn, won't it? Driver: Yep. It sure will. Passenger: How much is the fare? Driver: Fifty cents. Exact change. Passenger: Here you are. Driver: Don't give it to me. Drop it in the box. 3. Customer: How much is the fare to San Francisco via Los Angeles? Agent: It's $55. Customer: Can I get off in Los Angeles for a few days? Agent: Sure. Your ticket is good for three weeks. 4. Passenger: Is this cab taken? Driver: No. Where are you going? Passenger: To the Park Apartments. They're on 21st Street. Driver: I know where they are. Get in. C You are going to hear a tourist guide about Hong Kong's most exciting new shopping centre. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. In the first reading, you will hear the whole passage from beginning to end. In the second reading, you will hear a pause after each sentence or just part of a sentence. During the pause, you must write down what you have just heard as quickly as possible. You can check what you have written with the third reading. China Hong Kong city is Hong Kong's most exciting new shopping center. Fashion Avenue offers an exciting selection of designer fashions and accessories from around the world. It contains over 300 shops. We have 25 restaurants and chefs from east and west ready to serve you a fine selection of dishes. Or you can relax in our intimate bars or let your hair down at our first class night clubs and karaoke lounges. Beause of these reasons, China Hong Kong city is a "must" to visit. Part ? At the railway station A You are going to hear some railway announcements. While you listen, tick all the names of places you hear on the tape. The train now standing at platform 4 is the 15:15 to Bath Spa, calling at Keynsham and Oldfield Park. The 15:15 to Bath Spa now at platform 4. Here is a platform alteration. The 14:45 from Weston-super-Mare to Severn Beach, due in at 15:17, will depart from platform 3 not platform 5. The 15:17 to Severn Beach will depart from platform 3. The 13:30 from Taunton to Cardiff due in at 15:20 is reported running 40 minutes late. Passengers for Newport and all stations to Cardiff are advised to catch the Swindon train, leaving platform 6 at 15:25 and change at Bristol Parkway. The next train to arrive at platform 5 will be the 15:29 to Gloucester calling at Filton, Bristol Parkway and Gloucester. Passenger for Newport and Cardiff change at Bristol Parkway. Passengers for Hereford change at Filton. The 11:31 inter-city train to Exeter and Plymouth has been delayed. This train is now running approximately fifteen minutes late and is now due to arrive at platform 1 at 11:46. We apologise to passengers for the delay. The train now arriving at platform 2 is the 11:10 to Paddington London, calling at Didcot and Reading. B.Now listen to the announcements again. Complete the following chart. Note that where there is a dash(—), there is nothing to write C Now try this: listen to some more authentic versions of the announcements. After listening answer the following questions with the help of the above chart. Part ? Why are we waiting here? A Mr. and Mrs. Bashford, a very snobbish couple, are sitting on a train. The train is waiting at the station. You are going to listen to a conversation among Mr. Bashford, Mrs. Bashford and the guard. While listening for the first time, add more key words if you can in the left-hand column. After the second listening, fill the gaps in the summary in the right-hand column with the help of the notes. Mr. B: Look at the time! When is this train going to leave? It's already five minutes late. Mrs. B: Now, don't get impatient, darling. Are you sure? Mr. B: Of course I'm sure. This is the 4:05 to London and it is now 4:10... no... 4:11 Mrs. B: Well, don't get angry with me, darling. Look at that guard on the platform. Tell him. Mr. B: A very good idea! Guard! Guard! Come over here, please. Guard: Yes, sir. What can I do for you? Mr. B: Why are we waiting here? Guard: Why are we waiting here? Mr. B: Don't just repeat my question! Answer it. Guard: (slowly, deliberately) Now keep calm, sir. Don't shout! It's not that I don't want to answer your question. It's only that I don't really understand it. It's a very strange question. Mr. B: A strange question! What do you mean? Look at the time! When is this train going to leave? Guard: At 4:25, sir. Mr. B: At 4:25! Now see here! I'm a very important man and I have some very important friends. One of them is the head of this railway and I'm going to tell him about this! Guard: I don't care who you are, sir, or what you're going to do. This train is going to leave at 4:25. It always does. Mr. B: What? Are you telling me that the 4:05 always leaves 20 minutes late? Guard: 4:05? I see. You want to go to London, don't you, sir? Mr. B: Don't ask stupid questions. Of course I do! Why do you think I'm on this train? Guard: Well, sir. This isn't the 4:05 to London. It's the 4:25 to Bristol. The 4:05 always leaves from platform 3. This is platform 5. You're on the wrong train, sir. B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation. Pay more attention to its language. After listening answer the following questions by completing the sentences. Part ? More about the topic: Automobiles in the USA The following short passage is about automobiles in the USA. Supply the missing words while listening. The United States is full of automobiles. There are still families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are a necessary part of life. Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products.Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and the neighbours' children as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work. More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will be done about the use of cars. Part ? Memory test: Bus Informati (Bus information: Recorded message number one) Hello and thank you for calling Greyhound. Buses to New Orleans depart Houston at one a.m., arriving New Orleans at 12:55 p.m. Out 4:30 a.m., there at 1:10 p.m. 6:30 a.m. arrives there at 3:45 p.m. The eight a.m. due there at 7:50 p.m. The 10:30 a.m. due there at seven p.m. The one p.m. due there at 9:40 p.m. The 4:15 p.m. due there at 12:58 a.m. The 6:45 p.m. due there at 4:10 a.m. The 9:15 p.m. due there at 8:25 a.m. The 10:15 due there at 7:15 a.m. The 11:15 p.m. due there at 6:25 a.m. Our one-way fare to Beaumont seven dollars eighty cents, the round-trip fourteen eighty-five. Our one-way to Port Arthur eight forty-five, the round-trip sixteen ten. Our special one-way fare to New Orleans thirty-three dollars, the round-trip sixty-six dollars. For additional information, please call 2221161. That number again 2221161. And thank you for calling Greyhound. (Bus information:Recorded message number two) Thank you for calling Trailways. You have reached Trailway's Automatic Information for service from Cleveland to Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. Busses leave at:3:40 a.m., 10 a.m., 4:10 p.m., and 9:30 P.m. Approximate travel time to Pittsburgh is 3 hours, to Philadephia 8 hours, to Baltimore 8.5 hours, and to Washington D.C. 10 hours. The fare to Pittsburgh is $20 one way, $40 round trip; to Philadelphia $46 one way, $92 round trip; and to Baltimore and Washington $43 one way, $86 round trip. For further information call 8613161. And don't forget to ask about our senior citizen discount and our maximum $150 round-trip fare. Thank you for calling Trailways, low fares everywhere. Unit 7 This Way or That Way? Part ? Getting ready In every big city, traffic may prove to be a sticky problem. To have a system of effective traffic you need good engineering. In order to achieve this goal, traffic rules and regulations as well as devices such as signals, signs, and markings are installed to relieve vehicular congestion and to promote safety and pedestrian mobility. A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to traffic. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. block: a building or group of buildings built between two streets 2. terminus: a stop or station at the end of a railway or bus line 3. cross-roads: a place where two or more roads cross 4. traffic lights: a set of coloured lights, usually red, green and yellow, used for controlling and directing traffic especially where one road crosses another 5. plaza; a public square or marketplace, especially in towns in Spanish-speaking countries 6. roundabout: traffic circle; a place where three or more roads meet, with a circular area in the middle round which the traffic must go, rather than straight across 7. exit: side road; branch road 8. dual carriageway: divided highway; a main road on which the traffic travelling in opposite directions is kept apart by a central band or separation of some sort 9. ring road: a road that goes round the edge of a large town so that traffic does not have to pass through the centre 10. by-pass: a road that passes round the side of a town or other busy area B Here are some short conversations about asking the way. Pay special attention to verbs. Supply the missing words. 1. Woman: Do you know how to get to Jane's house from here? Man: Yeah. Stay on this road until you get to 21st Street. Then take a left. Woman: Left on 21st Street. OK ... Man: Stay on 21st Street for about three blocks until you come to Main Street. Then turn right. Woman: Left on 21st, right on Main Street. Man: He lives at 476 Main Street. It's on the right side of the street. 2. Man: Should I turn right here? Woman: No. Keep going straight and turn at the next light. Man: Do you mean at Scott Road? Woman: That's right. Turn right there. 3. Man: How far is it from here to Los Angeles? Woman: Oh,about five hours by car. Man: What's the best way to get there? Woman: I-10 is the fastest. 4. Peter: We're having a party on Tuesday. It's Jenny's birthday. Would you like to come? Joe: Sure. How do I get to your house? Peter: Well, turn right after the hospital and we're on your left. Joe: OK. See you on Tuesday. Part ? Giving directions A You are going to hear three statements and two conversations about giving directions. All of them are based on the following map. Look at the map and trace the routes while listening. 1. When you leave Town Hall, turn left into Cotton Street and walk to the corner. Turn right on South Park Street and walk about a block. Then turn left on Twist Avenue. The museum's on that avenue, near the next cross-roads, on your left. 2. When you leave the bank, turn left on Central Avenue and walk for about ten minutes to South Park Street. Turn right and walk one block. The Department Store is on your right, across Main Street. 3. When you leave MacDonald's, turn right on Queen's High Street and walk about half a block to Main Street. Turn right and walk two blocks to the end of Main Street. Then turn left. The train station is on that street, on your right. 4. David: Hellow? 6939822. Paul: Hello? Can I speak to David, please? David: This is David speaking. Who's that? Paul: David, this is Paul. David: Hello, Paul. How are you? Paul: Fine, thanks, but I can't remember how to get to your house. David: Where are you now? Paul: I'm phoning from the Post Office. David: South Park Street or Queen's High Street? Paul: Queen's High Street. I don't know which bus to take. David: Take a number six (bus)from the terminus. It goes to Portland Plaza. Paul: Where's the terminus? David: Turn right outside the Post Office and walk past the Twist Avenue until you reach the Big Church. The bus terminus is opposite the Church on your right. Paul: Thanks very much. See you soon. Goodbye. 5. Tourist: Excuse me. Jane: Yes? Tourist: Can you tell me the way to the Art Gallery, please? Jane: Certainly. Go out of the Agency,turn right, and go along Main Street. Tourist: Along Main Street. Jane: Yes, and turn right at the Hilton Hotel. Tourist: Right at the Hilton. Jane: Then go up Queen's High Street past the Grand Cinema. Tourist: The Grand Cinema. Jane: Yes.Then cross the road at the next traffic lights. The Art Gallery is straight ahead, on your right. You can't miss it. Tourist: That's very kind of you. Thank you. Er ... have you got a pencil? (Do you have a pencil?) Jane: Yes. Why? Tourist: Can you repeat all that? I think I'd better write it down. B Now try this: listen to some more authentic versions of the statements and conversations. Complete the directions. Part ? Finding the way A You are going to hear a conversation in which a lost motorist phones her friend in a call box for directions. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the left-hand column. After the second listening complete the route in the right-hand column with the help of the notes. Jackie: 99522. Hello. Fiona: Hello Jackie! Jackie: Fiona! Where are you? Fiona: Oh, ah, dear! I seem to have got lost. Jackie: Oh! Fiona: Well, I mean, not completely lost, I am in Oxford. Jackie: Oh well done! Well done! Fiona: I think I am, anyway. Jackie: Er ... whereabouts? Fiona: Well, erm ... near the Polytechnic. You see, I came down the London Road (Un-huh) through Headington (Uh-huh) and then I turned left (Uh-huh) and then I found the Polytechnic and there's a phone box here (Ah) and I'm facing it now ...) Jackie: Yes (if you see what I mean) I think I know where you are. (Mm-mm) I know where you are. Erm ... well, you've gone completely the wrong way. Fiona: Oh no, have I? (Yes, yes) Oh dear. Jackie: Erm ... the best thing to do is to turn round and go back to the London Road. Fiona: Oh ... the way I came? Jackie: That's right, to the roundabout. Fiona: So I go back through Headington, yes ... Jackie: Yes, to the roundabout. That's where you came off the M40, in fact. Fiona: That's right, yes. Jackie: OK. Well, take the first exit on the left ... Fiona: The first exit on the left. Jackie: At the roundabout there... Fiona: Uh-huh. Jackie: And it's a dual carriageway. (Mm-mm) It's all part of the ring road that goes round the city. Fiona: Oh yes, I see (OK) OK. Jackie So you go along the by-way (by-pass) (Mm) erm ... until you come to the next roundabout (Mm) and at that roundabout, go straight across. Fiona: Yes. Jackie: All right, then go on a bit further — it's not far — and then you'll come to yet another roundabout. (Mm-mm) Now that's the third roundabout. (OK) All right? (Yes) And there you take the second exit on the left. Fiona: OK. Jackie: And this is quite a small road. It's called Godstow Road. (Godstow Road) Yes. (Right) And you go down that road, (Mm-mm) over a bridge and (Yes) our road is the second on the left after the bridge. Fiona: OK, so over the bridge (Mm-mm) and then second on the left. Jackie: Uh-huh. OK, I'll put some coffee on. Fiona: Oh lovely. Jackie: See you soon. Fiona: Bless you! OK, See you later. Jackie: Bye. Fiona: Bye. B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation. Part ? More about the topic: You Can't Miss It The following short story is about two brothers asking the way in Boston. Supply the missing words while listening. Last summer my brother and I stayed for a week with some family friends in Boston. That was our first trip away from home and we wanted to see something of Boston's beautiful places. One morning we started out to look for a famous tower. We stopped a stranger and asked politely. “Excuse me, could you tell us how to get to the Tower of Boston, please?” “Go three blocks and turn to your left,” the man said quickly. “You can't miss it.” So we walked three blocks and turned to our left, but the tower wasn't there. We then asked a second stranger. “Excause me, how do we get to the Tower of Boston?” “Go three blocks and turn to our left.You can't miss it,” the man answered without any hesitation. But again we couldn't find the tower. Finally we asked a third stranger. “Excuse me, where is the Tower of Boston?” “Go three blocks and turn to your left. You can't miss it.” the man replied unwittingly. This time we found the tower, but we wondered if everything in Boston was three blocks and a left turn away. Just then somebody came up to us and said, “Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some bread around here?” “Go three blocks and turn to your left,” my brother said loudly, “You can't miss it.” Part ? Memory test: Steve's First Morning A The following listening material is about Steve's first morning at the polytechnic college . Listen carefully (preferably only one time). The comprehension material is followed by some questions. Find the right answers as quickly as possible according to the notes you have taken while listening. Steve's first morning Steve was rather nervous about his first day of the polytechnic. He didn't know any other students and he didn't know his way around the buildings. At 9 o'clock, he was at the main entrance with a crowd of hundreds of other students. All of them seem to know what to do except Steve. Then he found a notice.There was a meeting for all the first-year students. He found them all waiting in the large hall. First, the director of the Polytechnic welcomed them. Then the head of students' services, and finally the head of physical education. Head of phyical education: "I'm here to tell you about the sport you can do at the Poly. Here in Edington, we have a fitness room where you can do exercises to keep fit, and weekly you can do all sorts of sports, such as tennis, football, hockey and badminton. But there are also many other activities. You can go sailing. You can go down-caves. you can go climbing and many more. We hope all of you will take part in at least one of these. If you want to join, come on weekly on Wednesday afternoon. Any questions?" A student: "What about swimming?" Head of phyical education: "We don't have our own pool. But you can swim in the public pools in Hanksy or Muston Ferry." After the meeting was over, Steve looked at his timetable. His first class was business studies,and was in Room 316. But where was Room 316? Steve: "Excuse me. Do you know where Room 316 is?" Male student 1: "Oh, I haven't a clue mate." Steve: "Do you know where Room 316 is?" Female student 1: "No,do you?" Steve: "I'm looking for Room 316." Male student 2: "Oh, not another first year. Look at the notice board." Steve: "But where is the notice board?" Male student 2: "Don't ask me." Steve: "Could you tell me where Room 316 is?" Female student 2: "You mean business studies for Catering students." Steve: "That's it." Female student 2: "Oh, I'm looking for it for myself. You're a first-year?" Steve: "Yes." Female student 2: "So am I.Let's see if we can find it together." Questions for memory test: 1. Where was Steve at 9 o'clock? 2. How many people made welcome speeches at the meeting for all the first year students? 3. Who are they? 4. What kinds of sports are available in Edington Polytechnic? 5. What was Steve's first class? 6. Where will he have the class? 7. How many students did Steve ask when he tried to find his class? 8. Did he get the answer? B You are going to hear some short conversations about giving directions (preferably only one time). All of them are based on the following map. Look at the map and trace the routes while listening. 1. Man: Excuse me, officer. Can you direct me to Young's Shoe Store, Policeman: Certainly. Go straight up this street for two blocks. There's a traffic light there. Turn right. It's in the middle of the block on the left. You can't miss it. Man: Thank you. Policeman: You're welcome. 2. Woman: I beg your pardon. I'm a stranger here. Can you tell me how to get to the post office? Policeman: Yes, it's right over there. You can see it from here. It's that red building on the other side of the street. Woman: Oh, thank you very much. Policeman: Don't mention it. 3. Woman: Do you know where the Palace Restaurant is? Policeman: Yes, it's next to the theatre and opposite the drugstore. You can't miss it. 4. Man: How far is it to the hospital? Policeman: It's not far. Walk west on Grand Avenue until you come to Pine Street. That's about four or five blocks. Turn right on Pine and go two blocks. You'll be able to see the hospital then. Man: Thank you very much. Policeman: Not at all. 5. Woman: Do you know where Mercer's Jewellery Store is? Policeman: Yes, it's in the 300 block on Cedar Street. Woman: How do I get there? Policeman: Walk over one block to Cedar Street. Turn left there and go two blocks. Mercer's is in the next block. It's either the fourth or fifth store on your left-hand side. Woman: Oh, thank you very much. Policeman: You're welcome Unit 8 Cash or Cheque? Part ? Getting ready The functions of money as a medium of exchange and a measure of value greatly facilitate the exchange of goods and services and the specialisation of production. Without the use of money, trade would be reduced to barter, the direct exchange of one commodity for another. In a money economy, the owner of a commodity may sell it for money, thus avoiding the time and effort that would be required in a barter economy. Money may thus be regarded as a keystone of modern economic 1ife. A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to money. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. savings account: a bank account which earn interest 2. checking account: a bank account which usually earns little or no interest and from which money can be taken out at any time by cheque 3. cheque / check: a written order to a bank to pay a certain sum of money from one's bank account to oneself or to another person 4. bank book: a book in which a record of the money one puts into and takes out of a bank is kept 5. traveller's cheque: a cheque bought from a bank or travel agency that can be exchanged for the money of the country one is in, used by travellers abroad 6. currency: the particular type of money in use in a country 7. invoice: bill; a document issued by a seller to a buyer listing the goods or services supplied and stating the sum of money due 8. transfer: move money from one bank to another 9. credit: put money into an account 10. convert: change from one currency to another B Here are some short conversations which take place at banks. Please listen and then supply the missing words. 1. Man: I'd like to open a savings and a checking account. Woman: Our minimum deposit for a savings account is $25. Man: What is the interest rate? Woman: It's 4.5%. Man: Do you charge for cheques? Woman: Each cheque that you write will cost 20 cents. 2. Woman: I'd like to withdraw some money from my savings account. Teller: First you'll have to fill out one of these withdrawal forms. Woman: Oh, no. It asks for my account number. I forgot my bank book. Teller: I'm afraid you'll need that first. 3. Man: Can I cash a cheque here? Teller: Do you have an account with us? Man: Yes, I have a checking account here. Teller: Please write your account number on the back of the cheque. Man: Is that all you need? Teller: Could I see one more piece of identification? Man: Will a driver's license do? Teller: Yes. That'd be fine. 4. Man: I would like to ask about taking a loan. Loan Officer: Do you have an account here? Man: Yes, I've been a customer here for several months. Loan Officer: How much do you want to borrow? Man: Three thousand dollars. 5. Clerk: Yes? Man: I want to cash this traveller's cheque. Clerk: Do you have your passport? Man: Yes. Clerk: Thank you. Sign here, please. Here you are. Man: Thank you. C You are going to hear some currency codes. Write the appropriate currency code next to the name of the country. Currency code Country Currency code Country NLG Holland BEF Belgium GBP Great Britain AUD Australia ITL Italy USD the United States of America CAD Canada JPY Japan NOR Norway SEK Sweden DKK Denmark CHF Switzerland DEM Germany FRF France ESP Spain RMB the People's Republic of China Part ? Using a bank account Transactions carried out by any individual or firm engaged in providing financial services are called banking. In the broadest sense, a bank is a financial intermediary that performs one or more of the following functions: safeguards and transfers funds, lends or facilitates lending, guarantees creditworthiness, and exchanges money. A narrow and more common definition of a bank is a financial intermediary that accepts, transfers, and most important, creates deposits. A You are going to hear a short passage about foreign exchange. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. In the first reading, you will hear the whole passage from beginning to end. In the second reading, you will hear a pause after each sentence or just part of a sentence. During the pause, you must write down what you have just heard as quickly as possible. You can check what you have written with the third reading. Foreign exchange dealing is, as its name implies, the exchange of the currency of one country for the currency of another. The rate of exchange is the value of one unit of the foreign currency expressed in the other currency concerned. A bank may make gains on buying and selling currencies on the inter-bank market. Making a profit on the transaction is the basic idea of foreign exchange dealing. B Alex is a university freshman. It's the first time for him to go to the bank to draw some money on his own. In this section, you are going to listen to a conversation between Alex and the cashier. While you listen, suppose you are Alex, and fill in the blank cheque according to the instructions given by the bank cashier. Alex: Good morning. Cashier: Good morning. Alex: I would ... I would want to know how to make out this cheque. Cashier: Right. Erm ... do you want to draw out some money? Alex: Yes, ,20. Cashier: ,20 OK. (Yes) Well, the first thing you need to do, is to write today's date in the top right-hand corner where you see the line (Yes) at the top you write just today's date (Yes) and the year. You must put the year in. And if you want to draw out money after it says pay ... can you see over on the left-hand side? Alex: The first ... er ... line? Cashier: That's it. On the first line it says PAY and you write "Cash" afterwards. Alex: In letters. Cashier: Yes. CASH (Yes) you write cash. OK. Then underneath that, right underneath, you have to write the amount of money you want. So just twenty pounds and then you write ONLY at the end in words. Then at the end of that line where you can see the box, see over on the right-hand side, you have to write the amount you want in numbers. Alex: In numbers? Cashier: Mm-mm. Alex: Yes. Cashier: And then underneath that box, the last thing you have to do in the bottom right-hand corner is just write your signature. Alex: Thank you very much. Cashier: OK. Bye-bye then. Alex: Bye. Part ? Making phone calls to chase late payments Cash payment is not popular in modern society. Banks are playing an important role in today's economy. A bill of exchange is preferred by more and more people. The most common bill of exchange is the cheque. But every coin has two sides, and banks are no exception. Sometimes something unexpected will happen. A You are going to hear several phone calls about chasing late payment of invoices. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the left-hand column. After the second listening, complete the summaries of the phone calls in the right-hand column with the help of the notes. Call 1 Smythe: This is Paul Smythe calling from Birmingham. Martinez: Good morning, Mr. Smythe. How are you? Smythe: Fine, thanks. And you? Martinez: Yes, I'm fine, too. Smythe: Mr. Martinez, I'm ringing about our last invoice. Martinez: Yes, I remember we got it before the summer. Smythe: Exactly, Mr. Martinez. The invoice was raised more than three months ago. Martinez: I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you. Smythe: We sent you the invoice on the 13 th of July. Martinez: On the 30 th of July. Smythe: Not the 30 th. The 13 th. And we still haven't received payment. Martinez: OK, Mr. Smythe. I'll check and get back to you. Smythe: When can you contact me? Martinez: This afternoon. Smythe: That's fine. I look forward to hearing from you. Martinez: Bye. Smythe: Bye. Call 2 Martinez: Well, Mr. Smythe, I've looked into your invoice and found out why it hasn't been paid. Smythe: And why is that? Martinez: We asked our bank to transfer the money but they couldn't. They said that your bank details are wrong. Smythe: What do you mean, our bank details are wrong? They are printed on our invoice. And you received the same invoice as all our other customers. Martinez: I'm sorry, what did you say? Smythe: I said our bank details are printed on the invoice. Martinez: Well, I have the invoice here. Can we just check? The account number is 40211686. Is that right? Smythe: Yes, that's right. Martinez: At the Bank of Scotland at 46 Portland Street in … Smythe: Hang on a minute, did you say "Bank of Scotland"? Martinez: Yes. Smythe: It's the Royal Bank of Scotland-not the Bank of Scotland. Martinez: You mean there are two? Smythe: Exactly. Martinez: OK, Mr. Smythe. I'll ask our bank to transfer the amount to the Royal Bank of Scotland. Smythe: As soon as possible, Mr. Martinez. Martinez: Manana, Mr. Smythe, as soon as the bank opens. And, Mr. Smythe, I'm sorry about the mistake. Smythe: Well,I'm glad we sorted it out. Martinez: Yes! Bye. Smythe: Bye. Call 3 Clerk: Account enquiries. Smythe: Good afternoon. I'd like to check if a transfer has been received from Spain. Clerk: Could you give me your account number and the account name please? Smythe: Yes, the number is 40211686 and the company name is Paul Smythe and Partners. Clerk: Could you spell Smythe, please? Smythe: Yes, it's S-M-Y-T-H-E. Clerk: And your address,please? Smythe: Unit 7, Parkdown Trading Estate. Clerk: And when did you expect the money to be credited? Smythe: This week. Clerk: One moment, please. Yes, we received a credit of ,3 476.28 on Wednesday. Smythe: Sorry,could you repeat the amount? Clerk: Yes, ,3 476.28. Smythe: I was expecting a round figure of ,3 500. Did the bank make a charge? Clerk: I'm afraid I can't see that from my screen. I've only got the final figure which was credited to your account. Smythe: But we get lots of payments from abroad and we never have to pay charges. Clerk: Let me check, sir ... Yes, the amount was transferred in Spanish pesetas. We had to convert it into pounds. So, after bank charges, your account was credited with , 3 476.28. Smythe: I see. OK, thank you. Clerk: You're welcome. Smythe: Bye. Clerk: Bye. B Now try this: listen to some more authentic versions of the phone calls. Part ? More about the topic: E-money--Money of the Future? The most important types of money are commodity money, credit money, and fiat money. The value of commodity money is about equal to the value of the material contained in it. Credit money is paper backed by promises by either a government or a bank, to pay the equivalent value in the standard monetary metal. Paper money that is not redeemable in any other type of money and the value of which is fixed merely by government edict is known as fiat money. But do you know what money will look like in the future? The following short passage is about the latest money: electronic-money or e-money. Supply the missing words while listening. Just imagine: no coins in your pants, no bills in your wallet. To buy a coke, you simply insert a card into the vending machine. You pull out the same card to board a bus, do your laundry, or buy a newspaper. You add value to the card by inserting it in an Automatic Teller Machine. Such are the smart cards scientists are developing. Some scientists call them chip cards. Some others call them electronic purses, or simply e-money — money of the future. A smart card goes a step beyond the magnetic card we use today, It is like a computer disk or almost a tiny computer. It is a memory device. Scientists intend such smart cards to replace cash in our wallets. Why cards instead of cash or cheque? Convenience, safety, and cost. Money costs money. Handling it, accounting for it, and protecting it is expensive — whether the money in the form of cash, cheques, or credit cards. Money wears out, cheques must be handled and stored. Credit cards must be manufactured. The amounts of transactions must be verified by phone. Today's bills are problematic for vending machines. Where a pound coin is acceptable, a dollar coin will be rejected. Modern vending machines accept dollar bills, but remember, only perfectly kept dollar bills, without folded corners or wrinkled edges. And one of the most important benefits of smart cards is that the card's value can be verified and changed without going through a complex system such as a credit card has to. That will finally help smart cards win the favour of all users and in effect become the money of the future, sooner than we imagine. part ? Memory test: Judy's Weekly Spending Any medium of exchange that is widely accepted in payment for goods and services and in settlement of debts is money. Money also serves as a standard of value for measuring the relative worth of different goods and services. The number of units of money required to buy a commodity is the price of the commodity. You are going to hear Judy describing what she spent money on last week (preferably only one time). Pay close attention to the prices, and add up in your mind how much money she spent. The monologue is followed by some questions . Listen and write down the brief answers as quickly as possible according to the notes you have taken while listening. Judy: Let me see, first I did the weekly shopping at the supermarket, that was about ,9.50, as far as I remember, a bit up from last week, we must be more careful. Then I bought some petrol for the car, didn't I? Yes that's it, ,7 or so. I must have had lunch a couple of times, yes I went to Browns, that was ,3.20, and then there was that terrible meal in a pub in Headington, ,2. I think I paid the newspapers, that's usually about ,3, really we shouldn't spend so much but I think it's important to know what's going on in the world. Oh I went to the cinema, terrible film, and that was a waste of ,2. I don't think there was anything else, a couple of coffees, say 50p and a chocolate bar, 20p, not very healthy but I do need a bit of luxury from time to time! Hold on a minute, there was a T-shirt ,5.95, not bad at that price really. Questions for memory test: 1(How much did she spend in all? 2(Did Judy spend more or less than last week at the supermarket? 3(How much did Judy pay for petrol? 4(Where did she go for lunch? 5(Why does Judy buy newspapers? 6(Did she enjoy going to the cinema? 7(Does she drink tea or coffee? 8(Does she really think chocolate is unhealthy? 9(How much did she spend on a T-shirt? 10(Was it of good value? Unit 9 Toward Better Health (?) Part ? Getting ready Do you know the difference between health and fitness? Health is freedom from disease and fitness means the ability of the human body to function with vigour and alertness, and with ample energy to engage in leisure activities, and to meet physical stresses. A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to seeing doctors. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. dental: of or related to the teeth 2. check-up: a general medical examination, usually taken regularly, to test one's state of health and discover any disease at an early stage 3. X-ray: a powerful unseen beam of light which can pass through substances that are not transparent, and which is used for photographing conditions inside the body, for treating certain diseases 4. prescription: a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor for a person's illness 5. pharmacy: a shop or a place where medicines are sold or dispensed 6. drugstore: a pharmacy, especially one which sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, school supplies, small things to eat, garden products, film, etc. 7. suffer from: experience something unpleasant, such as an illness, especially over a long period of time or habitually 8. surgeon: a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations 9. calorie: a measure used to show the amount of heat or energy that a food will produce 10. blood pressure: the measurable force with which blood travels through the body B Here are some short conversations which take place in hospitals. Please listen and then supply the missing words. 1. Receptionist: Is this the first time you've come here to see the doctor? Man: Yes, it is. I'd like to have a dental check-up. Receptionist: Fill out this form and give it back to me. Man: All right. Have you got a pen? 2. Nurse: The doctor will see you now. Come this way. Man: Where's the examination room? Nurse: It's to your right. Would you please lie down on that bed? 3. Doctor: What seems to be the problem, Mrs. Allen? Woman: I've been having pains in my chest recently. Doctor: Do you have difficulty breathing? Woman: Sometimes. But not too much. Doctor: Well, let's take an X-ray of your chest. 4. Doctor: You're suffering from a fever. Here's a prescription. I'd like you to take two of these pills three times a day. Patient: Is there anything else I should do ? Doctor: Yes. You should drink a lot of water and get a lot of rest. Patient: OK. Is there a pharmacy in this building? Doctor: No, but you can have that prescription filled at any drugstore. C You are going to hear some instructions on medicine packets or bottles.The English instructions in the following box are in muddled order. Listen carefully, put the English instructions into proper places. Chinese Instructions English Instructions 外用药 for external use only 口服药 for oral administration 注射用 for injection 空腹服 to be taken on an empty stomach 睡前服 to be taken at bedtime 需要时服 to be taken when necessary 服前请摇匀 shake before taken 饭后服 to be taken after meals 饭前服 to be taken before meals 每日三次每次一片 to be taken one tablet 3 times a day 每隔四小时服两片 to be taken 2 tables at 4-hourly intervals 每次服一小格 take one small measure each time Part ? Dear doctor Different countries have different medical systems. Three basic systems of medical care exist in the world today: public assistance which is dominant in 108 countries constituting 49% of the world's population, health insurance which is dominant in 23 countries constituting 18% of the world's population, and national health service which is dominant in 14 countries constituting 33% of the world's population. It looks that the world-wide trend is toward a national health service. A You are going to hear the first part of a dialogue in which a man describes his health problems to a doctor. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the notes column. After the second listening complete the flow-diagram which, when completed, should tell you where the man's problems lie. Patient: I wake up every morning feeling tired. All day at work I fight this tired feeling. When I get home from work around 5:30, I have a good dinner and then sit down to read the newspaper. But before I have finished reading the front page, I fall asleep in my chair and often sleep until 8:30 or 9:00 p.m. When I wake up from this nap, I'm full of energy and ready to do a day's work. But at that hour there is nothing to do but watch television, which I do until after midnight. Even at midnight I still do not feel sleepy, so I take a sleeping pill. It's often two o'clock in the morning before the pill puts me to sleep. Just a few hours after that I have to drag myself out of bed again. Do you think there might be something wrong with my blood? Doctor: I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner. If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. You should get out of this habit. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity or get together with friends for an evening of cards. Then go to bed at your usual time, and you should be able to get a good night's rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a warm drink. Eat a sandwich or a cookie. Then go back to bed. Even if you get only a few hours' sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. B Now you are going to hear the second part of the dialogue in which a doctor gives the man some advice. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the notes column. After the second listening, write down all the do's and don'ts in the table below. Part ? At a party The social status of a doctor is very high. Their job is said to be sacred since they are fighting against death. They spare no effort to heal the wounded and rescue the dying. People show great respect to doctors, and doctors often feel very proud of their own occupation. A You are going to hear some extracts from a conversation. The following sentences will help you understand the extracts. Complete the sentences with words or phrases you hear on the tape. 1. Tony and Chris haven't seen each other for ages! 2. Tony may be an actor, or a director. He works in the film bussiness. 3. Plastech is a manufacturer of medical equipment. 4. Tony invites them to eat when they are ready. He says, "Do help yourselves. 5. Chris wants more details about Ingrid's work. He asks, "Do you specialise in a particular field? 6. Two strangers meet in London. They are both going to the same conference in Vienna. What a coincidence! 7. Denton offers to get Ingrid a drink. "What would you like? B Now listen to the conversation. Fill in the chart with necessary information. Tony: Chris! Come in! I haven't seen you for ages! How are you? Chris: I'm fine, thanks. Tony, this place is rather splendid. Tony: Well, you know how it is in the film business. Up one minute, down the next. And tell me, what do you do now? Chris: I'm a salesman. I sell medical equipment for Plastech, down in Kent. Tony: Medical equipment? Then you must meet Ingrid Fowler. She's a doctor. Ingrid, this is Chris Telford, a very old friend of mine, interested in medicine and health. Chris: How do you do? Ingrid Fallow, was it? Ingrid: Fowler, actually, F-O-W-L-E-R. Tony: Do help yourselves to food when you're ready. It's through there. Ingrid: Thanks, Tony. Chris: Excuse me, but I haven't got a drink yet. Can I get you another one? Ingrid: Thanks. White wine, please. Chris: Tony tells me you're a doctor. Ingrid: Yes. I'm with the International Health Agency. Chris: Do you work overseas? Ingrid: Yes, mainly. I've just come back from six months in Nigeria. Chris: Do you specialise in a particular field? Ingrid: My main interest is in diseases that are carried in water, but it also involves me in general problems about water supply. I'm giving a talk about it next month. Chris: Where? Ingrid: In Vienna. There's an international conference. Chris: Really?That's a coincidence. I shall be there as well. Ingrid: Are you a medical man, too? Chris: No. I'm not a doctor, but I sell hospital equipment. Denton: That sounds interesting. I'm in medicine myself. My name's Laurie Denton. I'm a surgeon at King's Hospital. Chris: I'm Chris Telford, and this is Dr. Ingrid Fowler. Denton: Shall we have a drink together? Dr. Fowler, what would you like? C Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation and decide whether the statements after the conversation are True or False. Put "T" or "F" in the brackets. Tony: Chris! Come in! I haven't seen you for ages! Let me take your coat. Have a drink. How are you? Chris: Oh, I'm fine, thanks. I say, Tony, this place is rather splendid. Tony: Oh, well, you know how it is in the film business. Up one minute, down the next. And tell me, what do you do now? Chris: I'm a salesman. I sell medical equipment for Plastech, down in Kent. Tony: Medical equipment? You mean stethoscopes, and sticking plaster, and that sort of thing? Chris: Well, not really, I ... Tony: Then you must meet Ingrid Fowler. She's a doctor, International Health something, she might even buy something. Ingrid!Ingrid! I say, Ingrid, this is Chris Telford, a very old friend of mine, interested in medicine, and health and so on. Chris: How do you do? Ingrid Fallow, was it? Tony: Do help yourselves to food when you're ready, won't you? It's through there. Ingrid: Thanks, Tony. Fowler, actually, F-O-W-L-E-R. Quite a party, isn't it? Chris: Oh, Tony always gives good parties, he always has. He knows everybody. Have you known him long? Ingrid: No, I've only just met him. Chris: Look, excuse me, but I haven't got a drink yet. Can I get you another one? Ingrid: Thanks. White wine, please. Chris: Tony tells me you're a doctor. Ingrid: Yes. I'm with the International Health Agency. Chris: Oh, I've heard a lot about them. The work must be very interesing. Do you work overseas? Ingrid: Yes, mainly. I've just come back from six months in Nigeria. Chris: Do you specialise in a particular field? Ingrid: Well, my main interest is in diseases that are carried in water, but it also involves me in general problems about water supply. I'm giving a talk about it next month. Chris: Where? Ingrid: In Vienna. There's an international conference. Chris: Really? That's a coincidence. I shall be there as well. Ingrid: Oh? Are you a medical man, too? Chris: Oh no. At least, I'm not a doctor. I sell hospital equipment, surgical products, catheters and so on. Denton: That sounds interesting. I'm in medicine myself. Chris: Oh really? What do you do ? Denton: Well, let me introduce myself. My name's Laurie Denton. I'm a surgeon at King's Hospital. Chris: I'm Chris Telford, and this is Dr. Ingrid Fowler. Denton: Pleased to meet you. Ingrid: How do you do? Denton: Shall we have a drink together? Dr. Fowler, what would you like ...? Statements: 1. The party is held in a magnificent place. 2. Chris is working in a medical equipment company named Kent. 3. Tony, the host of the party, is a very old friend of Chris. 4. Ingrid prefers red wine to white wine. 5. Ingrid seldom works overseas, but she has been in Nigeria for six months. 6. Ingrid only shows interest in diseases that are carried in water. 7. Ingrid is going to give a talk about water supply next week in Vienna. 8. Both Chris and Ingrid are going to attend the international conference in Vienna. 9. Both Chris and Ingrid are medical men. 10. It's the first time for Chris and Ingrid to meet Denton. Part ? More about the topic: Walking Toward Better Health The level of physical fitness can be influenced by regular, systematic exercise. Moderate activity will maintain the individual at a level that is usually adequate to handle ordinary stress. Exercises that demand total body involvement improve and maintain fitness most effectively ?for example, jogging, running, swimming, dancing, and cycling. Now a new kind of exercise is winning the favour of many people. That is pace walking. The following short passage is about pace walking. Supply the missing words while listening. Walking is the way most of us get around most of the time. When we walk, we put one foot in front of another, but at least one foot is on the ground at any point during a step. An increasing number of people are beginning to think of walking as a way to get the exercise they need to stay healthy. This type of walking is known as pace walking. Pace walking is faster than a casual stroll. To obtain the greatest health benefits from exercise walking, the exerciser should walk at a brisk pace of about 5.5 kilometres per hour. Walking must be done on a regular basis for at least 20 minutes three times a week. In exercise pace walking, you not only walk quickly but also add a strong arm-swing. Keep your back straight, your shoulders dropped and relaxed, your head up and your feet pointed straight ahead. Swing your arms and keep your elbows bent. To avoid creating tension in your arms, don't clench your fists. Your arms should be angled slightly across your chest. You should feel a tug at the back of your shoulder at the end of each backswing. On the foreswing, your hand should come up to about midchest level. With each step, you land on your heel and roll forward along the outside of your foot, pushing off with your toes. Pace walking not only strengthens the cardiovascular system but also burns calories and helps reduce weight. In addition, it helps train both the heart and the skeletal muscles to function longer and stronger, and lower the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and certain kinds of diabetes. Part ? Memory test: Sleeping Problem As children develop, both the distribution of sleep in a 24-hour period and total sleep requirements change. A new-born infant requires 16 to 18 hours of sleep a night, decreasing to 14 or 15 hours by age one, 10 or 12 by age four, less than 10 by age ten, and stabilising at 7 or 8 hours in adulthood. The elderly tend to lose their capacity of extended sleep. They may sleep very little at night but doze during the day. Do you have a healthy sleeping habit or are you suffering from sleeplessness? You are going to hear a monologue about sleeping problems (preferably only one time). After that some questions will be asked. Find the right answers as quickly as possible according to the notes you have taken while listening. For some reason Richard West has been having great difficulty in getting to sleep lately. Last night he thought it might help if he went to bed even earlier than usual, so at 9:30 he lay down, closed his eyes hopefully, and began counting sheep. Thinking of all those energetic little animals jumping over fences made him feel energetic himself, so he stopped, went down stairs, and found the most boring book he had. It was a book called Home Rug-Making.At the end of an hour he had become quite interested in making rugs. He put the book down in desperation. Then he remembered someone telling him once that if you repeated "Sleep" often enough, it would finally come. 15 minutes later the people in the bedroom above him tapped angrily on the floor. At 2 o'clock he took a sleeping-tablet. It had absolutely no effect. At 3 he got up and walked around his room at least 20 times. At 4 he did a deep-breathing exercise. At 5 he stared at a spot on the ceiling until his eyes began to hurt. At 6 his eyes began to feel heavy and, finally, he dropped off . His alarm-clock rang at 7. This morning at work his boss looked at him gravely, shook his head, and said in a critical tone of voice, “See here, West, you have been looking very tired lately! Obviously, you haven't been getting enough sleep. I really think you ought to try going to bed earlier!” Questions for memory test: 1. When did Richard go to bed last night? 2. What was the first thing that Richard did after he went to bed? 3. How long did he spend in reading the book entitled Home Rug-Making? 4. What did he do at 2 o'clock? 5. What did he do at 4 o'clock? 6. When did he get up this morning? Unit 1O Toward Better Health (?) Part ? Getting ready People should eat a variety of foods, avoid too much fat, too much sugar and sodium. They should drink alcohol in moderation, if at all, and not smoke. But nowadays people are too busy to spend much time in the kitchen, so many prefer fast food. Can fast food offer us enough nutrition? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fast food? A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to food, and drinks. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. french fries: long thin pieces of potato deep fried in fat 2. hamburger: a flat round cake of finely cut beef, cooked and eaten in a round bread roll 3. coke: Coca-Cola, a sweet non-alcoholic carbonated drink of American origin 4. apple pie: a pastry cake filled with apples, baked in a deep dish 5. ketchup: a thick red liquid made from tomatoes, used for giving a pleasant taste to food 6. pepper: a hot-tasting greyish or pale yellowish powder made from crushed peppercorns, used for making food taste better 7. sirloin: beef cut from the best part of the lower back 8. steak: a thick flat piece of beef cut from the fleshy part and of good quality 9. chuck: beef cut from the side of cattle just above the top of the front legs 10. roll: a small loaf of bread for one person, either long or round B Here are some short conversations which take place in snack bars. Please listen and then supply the missing words. 1. Woman: Next. May I help you? Man: Yeah. I want a superburger, fries, and a large coke. Woman: Super, fries, large coke. That'll be a dollar twenty-seven. 2. Man: Who's next? Woman: I want an order of French fries and a small coke. Man: Anything else? Woman: No, that's all. Man: How about a hamburger or an apple pie? Woman: No, just French fries and a small coke. Man: OK. That's fifty-nine cents. 3. Woman: Yes, sir. What'll it be for you? Man: Two hamburgers and French fries. Woman: Is there anything else? Man: No, that's it. Woman: Is this to go or to eat here? Man: We'll be eating here. 4. Man: Do you have any ketchup? Woman: It's on the service counter. Man: Where do you keep the salt and pepper? Woman: You'll find it in the same place. C The following conversation is about smoking. Please listen and then fill in the blanks with the numbers and years you hear on the tape. Q: Cigarette smoking is not new. Why have people just started worrying about it so recently? A: One reason is that smoking has increased so much in recent years. During the early 1900s, only about 4.2 billion (4 200 000 000 )cigarettes were produced each year. Q: Why do you say, “only” 4.2 billion? A: Because in the 1920s the yearly production was about 80 billion. And by the 1940s manufacturers were producing 310 billion each year. Q: But many other things were also being produced in larger quantities. Why did people begin to think smoking was bad for the health? A: Because lung cancer cases were increasing along with cigarette smoking. In 1930 fewer than 3 000 Americans were listed as dying from lung cancer. By the 1950s this number had grown to 18 000 per year. And in 1971 the number was around 64 000. Part ? How do you make hamburgers? Thousands of roadside restaurants prepare and sell hamburgers and French fries. But still many housewives prefer to feed their kids with hamburgers made with their own hands. A In this section you are going to hear a conversation about how to make hamburgers. While you listen, focus on the verbs and verb phrases, add more if you can in the verbs column. Mrs. Wong: Good morning, Mrs. Adams. Have you tried cooking Chinese fried rice? Mrs. Adams: Yes, Mrs. Wong. I made it last Saturday, just the way you told me to make it. Mrs. Wong: How did it taste? Mrs. Adams: Not as good as yours, but we all liked it. All except my teenagers. They don't like anything but hamburgers. Mrs. Wong: Oh, hamburgers! My children keep asking for hamburgers. I get so tired of hearing about hamburgers! Mrs. Adams: I know what you mean. I get tired of making them. Mrs. Wong: How do you make them? I suppose I should learn how. Mrs. Adams: They're very simple, compared to your food. Mrs. Wong: What kind of meat do you buy? Mrs. Adams: Some kind of ground beef. I usually ask for either ground sirloin or ground round steak. It's more expensive than ground chuck, but it has less fat. Mrs. Wong: How much do you buy? Mrs. Adams: A pound makes four big hamburgers. Mrs. Wong: What do you mix with the ground beef? Mrs. Adams: I just add a little salt, some pepper, and sometimes a little chopped onion. Some people don't like it with onions, but I do. Mrs. Wong: So you mix the salt and pepper and onions with the ground beef. Mrs. Adams: Yes, and divide the mixture into balls. Then make the balls into patties. Mrs. Wong: What is a patty? Mrs. Adams: You just press down on a ball and make it flat. Patties are flattened balls. If you want to get more than four patties out of your pound of meat, just make the patties thinner. But don't handle the meat too much. Mrs. Wong: Why not? Mrs. Adams: Because it will make the hamburgers tough. They'll be hard and tough. Mrs. Wong: Then I suppose you cook them on top of the stove. Mrs. Adams: Yes, in a hot frying pan. Put some butter in the pan and let it melt. Then put the hamburger patties in. Mrs. Wong: How long do you cook them? Mrs. Adams: That depends on how you like them. Some people like them rare-red inside. Mrs. Wong: I don't like them rare! Mrs. Adams: If you like them medium or well-done, cook them longer. Mrs. Wong: Then you put them between pieces of bread. Mrs. Adams: Most people use special rolls. You put the hamburger inside the big roll, and serve it with ketchup and pickles. I let my family spread ketchup on their own hamburgers, if they want it. Mrs. Wong: Is that all you need to do? Mrs. Adams: That's all. B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation. Pay more attention to the whole procedure of making hamburgers. Add more key words in the left-hand column. Complete the procedure in the right-hand column with the help of the verbs and notes. Part ? Dealing with growth: describing trends Milk and milk products include full milk, skimmed milk, long life milk, milk drinks, cheese, yoghurt, ice-cream etc., all of which are well known for their abundant protein, phosphorus, and especially calcium. Milk is also rich in vitamins. Although milk is essential for children, for adults too much milk can cause unsaturated fatty acids to build in the blood system. Do you know what kind of milk is popular in the market today? A The following words and expressions are used in a presentation. Listen to the words and expressions first. Study their definitions carefully. 1. implication: a possible later effect of an action or decision 2. pie chart: circular chart divided into segments 3. sector share: market share held by one product sector in the market 4. weight of publicity: great quantity or influence of publicity 5. low fat diet: regime of eating only food with no or low fat 6. initial: first 7. consumer resistance: consumers' negative attitude towards a product or service 8. consumer awareness: consumers' knowledge about a product or service 9. full milk: milk from which the cream has not been removed 10. skimmed milk: milk from which the cream has been removed 11. long life milk: milk specially treated so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad 12. milk drink: a drink which contains milk B Now listen to a presentation about trends in the milk drinks market, given by the Director of the Milk Marketing Board. As you listen, complete the descriptions of the pie charts of the total market below. I'm not going to talk for long — just long enough to give you an overview of developments so that we can discuss the implications. So, let's start by looking at trends over the last ten years. On this first transparency you'll see two pie charts — the first represents the milk product market ten years ago, the second, how it looks now. There are two outstanding features: firstly, that the total market has grown substantially from 280 million litres to 440 million litres; secondly, the actual sector share of the four main milk products has changed radically; the full milk sector has fallen dramatically from 74% to just 42% here on the pie chart; the skimmed milk sector has rocketed from only 12% to 35%, reflecting the weight of publicity directed towards low fat diets. The other two sectors are long life milk and milk drinks. It's interesting to see the long life sector has risen from 5% to 13% — a significant rise considering initial consumer resistance to this type of milk. And finally, the milk drinks have remained pretty stable, just increasing by 1%. So the two big winners of the decade are skimmed and long life milk, and the big loser, the full milk sector. Now, what's really important is the likely trends over the next ten years in these four sectors. We forecast that the full milk sector will decline more gradually over the next five years to around 40% and then fall a further 2% by the end of the 10-year period; the skimmed milk sector should continue to rise steadily to 40% over the next five years and then level off around this figure for the next five years. We expect long life milk to continue rising moderately so that at the end of this period this sector will represent a significant 20%. Finally we project a fairly marked decline in the milk drink sector as consumer awareness of the sugar content of these drinks increases.We forecast an eventual fall to just 2% by the end of the period. C Listen to the presentation again. While you listen, focus on numbers. Write down all the numbers and add more key words if you can in the notes column. Then complete the bar chart with the help of the notes and numbers. D Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the presentation. Pay close attention to the verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Complete the following sentences with the help of the above notes. A. We all know that there have been some major changes in our market over the last ten years, and we can expect further changes over the next ten years. I'd like to present the trends over the last ten years and also anticipate the trends we predict over the next ten years. I'm not going to talk for long — just long enough to give you an overview of developments so that we can discuss the implications. Do interrupt me if you've got any questions or comments. So, let's start by looking at trends over the last ten years. On this first transparency you'll see two pie charts — the first represents the milk product market ten years ago, the second, how it looks now. There are two outstanding features: firstly, that the total market has grown substantially from 280 million litres to 440 million litres; secondly, the actual sector share of the four main milk products has changed radically; the full milk sector has fallen dramatically from 74% to just 42% — here on the pie chart; the skimmed milk sector has rocketed from only 12% to 35%, reflecting the weight of publicity directed towards low fat diets. The other two sectors are long life milk and milk drinks. It's interesting to see that the long life sector has risen from 5% to 13% — a significant rise considering initial consumer resistance to this type of milk. And finally, the milk drinks have remained pretty stable, just increasing by 1%. So the two big winners of the decade are skimmed and long life milk, and the big loser, the full milk sector. B. Excuse me, can I just ask how you account for this slowing down in decline? A. Er ... if you don’t mind, I'll come to that in a moment. Just to complete the picture, the skimmed milk sector should continue to rise steadily to 40% over the next five years and then level off around this figure for the next five years. We expect long life milk to continue rising moderately so that at the end of this period this sector will represent a significant 20%. Finally we project a fairly marked decline in the milk drink sector as consumer awareness of the sugar content of these drinks increases. We forecast an eventual fall to just 2% by the end of the period. Right, now let me come back to your question: why do we expect these trends? Well, one critical factor of course ... Part ? More about the topic: Hungry for Hamburgers Most young Americans like hamburgers. Their idea of a good meal is a hamburger, served with ketchup and French fried potatoes, which are called French fries. French fries are not considered foreign though they have a foreign name; most American children and teenagers love to eat them any time of the day. The following short passage is about hamburgers. Supply the missing words while listening. There is an old saying that you cannot judge a book by its cover. Now you can no longer judge a hamburger by its colour. Many people think the beef that we call hamburger is safe to eat if it has been cooked so that it is brown on the inside. However,new research shows that some hamburger meat turns brown during cooking before it reaches the necessary temperature to kill harmful bacteria. The food safety and inspection service of the United States Agriculture Department says this may happen more often than had been thought. Yet some studies say that some hamburgers cooked until they reach at least 71 degrees Celsius still can be pink inside instead of brown. US D. A. experts say hamburgers must be cooked until the meat reaches at least 71 degrees Celsius. This temperature will kill harmful bacteria. As a result of the conflicting findings about what safe hamburgers should look like, US D. A. officials say people should not depend on the colour of cooked meat to know if it is safe to eat. Instead they advise using a meat thermometer to test the temperature of hamburgers. The thermometer should be placed into the thickest part of the hamburger. The food experts warn that the thermometer should be washed after each use. To test the thermometer, place the bottom part of it in a cup of boiling water. If it is said correctly, it will read 100 degrees Celsius. Because of the new hamburger warning, meat thermometers should be a popular product for use this 4th of July. Cooking hamburgers is part of traditional American Independence Day celebrations when the Americans gather with family and friends to enjoy eating together and watching fire works. Part ? Memory test: Who Smokes? Leaves of the tabacco plant are smoked in various ways. Cigarettes are the most popular method of smoking. As recently as the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since proved that cigarette smoke contains around 4 000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic. Nicotine, a major constituent of tabacco smoke, is highly addictive. Smoking greatly increases a smoker's risk for several diseases, chief of which is cancer. You are going to hear a short passage about smoking (preferably only one time). After that you will hear some statements. Decide whether they are True or False. Put a "T" or F" in the brackets. While you are listening, don't forget to write down some key words in the notes column. Pay close attention to numbers. Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Men used tobacco mainly in the form of cigars. Most women did not use tobacco at all. The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price. Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing. Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44. Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke. Statements: 1. The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. 2. About forty-three percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. 3. Forty-six percent of the male population and twenty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives. 4. Twenty-six percent of the adult men in the United States have stopped smoking. 5. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44. 6. City people smoke less than people living on farms. 7. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. 8. There are fewer teenaged smokers from families living in farm areas than in cities. 9. There are fewer teenaged smokers from low-income, poorly-educated families. 10. High school students who do not plan to continue their education are less likely to smoke than those who are preparing for college. Unit 11 The Interviewer's Eye Part ? Getting ready The interview, a widely used method of personality assessment, is a means of eliciting from the subject a report of past, present, and anticipated future responses. Most interviews are unstructured, but some use set questions asked in a given sequence. Some interviewers may give candidates a hard time by asking them difficult questions. A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to a job interview. Listen carefully and study the definitions. 1. challenge: something with the quality of testing the strength, skill, or ability of a person 2. reputation: an opinion held about someone or something, especially by people in general 3. candidate: a person who wants to be chosen for a job or elected to a position 4. applicant: a person who makes a request, especially officially and in writing, for a job 5. appoint: choose for a position or job 6. personality: the whole nature or character of a particular person 7. status: one's social or professional rank or position, considered in relation to other people 8. ambitious: having a strong desire for success, power, wealth, etc. 9. qualification: an ability, quality, or record of experience that makes a person suitable for a particular job or position 10. vacancy: an unfilled job in a factory, office, etc. B You are going to hear some typical questions that an interviewer might ask. Supply the missing words while listening. 1. Tell me about yourself. 2. What do you think are your strengths and weaknesses? 3. We have a lot of applicants for this job, why should we appoint you? 4. What has been your most valuable experience? 5. How would you describe your personality? 6. When did you last lose your temper? Describe what happened. 7. Which is more important to you: status or money? 8. How long do you think you'd stay with us if you were appointed? 9. Why do you want to leave your present job? 10. What makes you think you'd enjoy working for us? 11. Are you an ambitious person? 12. What would you like to be doing ten years from now? 13. What are you most proud of having done in your present job? 14. What was the worst problem you have had in your present job and how did you solve it? 15. What is the best idea you've had in the past month? 16. What is your worst fault and what is your best quality? 17. Don't you think you're a little young for this job? 18. What are your long-range goals? 19. Describe your present job — what do you find rewarding about it? 20. Now, what do you do in your spare time? 21. What excites you about the job you're doing now? 22. What worries you about the job you're doing now? 23. Describe your ideal boss. 24. How would you rate your present boss? Part ? A good interview During an interview, direct observations are made either in a natural setting or in a laboratory. In naturalistic observations, the interviewer notes reactions to everyday situations, typical responses to people, and expressive behaviour. In the laboratory, the interviewer experimentally manipulates situations and observes the interviewee's behaviour under these controlled conditions. A You are going to hear the beginning of an interview, which fades out before the end. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the left-hand column. After the second listening complete what the interviewer says in the right-hand column. Interviewer: Good morning, Miss ... Miss Jones: Miss Jones. Interviewer: Miss Jones, yes, right. Now, you'd like to join our team, I gather. Miss Jones: Yes, I would. Interviewer: That's very good. I'd like to know a little bit about you. Perhaps you could tell me a little bit about your education. Miss Jones: Oh yes. I left school at 18 and for the first two years I went to Gibsons. They're an engineering firm. And after that, I did a one-year full-time PA course and went back to Gibsons. I was PA to the Export Director. I stayed there for two years and then moved on to my present company. That's Europa Marketing. And I've been with them for three years now, first working with the Marketing Director and now I'm with the Sales Director. Interviewer: That's all very interesting, Miss Jones. I'd like to know what was the course that you enjoyed most at school? Miss Jones: Foreign languages. We did French and German. Interviewer: And are you quite fluent in those languages now or ...? Miss Jones: Yes, a bit rusty now, but obviously the more travel I can do the more I can use my languages and I'd like to learn another language. I'd like to add Italian as well. Interviewer: Italian? Miss Jones: Yes. Interviewer: Very good, that might be very useful.Now tell me a little bit about the work you're doing at present. Miss Jones: Well Europa Marketing is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultancy work for companies operating in the UK and European markets. Our clients come from all over the world. I assist the sales director by arranging these visits, setting up meetings and presentations and I deal with her correspondence. I've not been able to go with her on any of her trips abroad, but I've been to the firms in this country, several times on my own to make these arrangements. Interviewer: It sounds as if you're very happy there, Miss Jones. I'm curious why you'd like to leave them and join our company. Miss Jones: Well I know Anglo-European has a very good reputation. And I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. I might be able to travel and use my languages because at the moment most of my work is rather routine secretarial-type work and I like the idea of more challenges in my life really ... B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Fill in the blanks with the information about the interviewee with the help of the above notes. Interviewer: Good morning, Miss ... Miss Jones: Miss Jones. Good morning. Interviewer: Miss Jones, yes, right. Hi. Um ... now, you'd like to join our team, I gather. Miss Jones: Yes, I would. Interviewer: That's ... that's very good. Er ... I'd like to know a little bit about you. Perhaps you could tell me ... perhaps we could start ... if you could tell me a little bit about your education. Miss Jones: Oh yes, right. Well, I left school at 18 and for the first two years I went to Gibsons, you might know them, they're an engineering firm.(An, yes, right.) Um ... and after that, I wanted to do a course, so I d ... I did a one-year full-time PA course and went back to Gibsons. I was PA to the Export Director. I stayed there for another two years and ... and then I moved on to my present company. Um ... that's Europa Marketing ... um ... Mr. Adair, the marketing director, offered me a job because Gibsons had ... had worked quite a lot with Europa Marketing. (Oh, yes, Europe's got big business.) And I've been with them for three years now ... um ... first with the Marketing Director and ... and now I'm with the Sales Director. Interviewer: That's all very interesting, Miss Jones. Um ... I ... I'd like to know, what did you enjoy most at school? What was the course that you enjoyed most? Miss Jones: Ah ... foreign languages I liked best. (Foreign languages.) We did French and German. Yes. Interviewer: Mhm. And are you quite fluent in those now or ... ? Miss Jones: Yes, a bit rusty now, but ... um ... obviously the more travel I can do the more I can use my languages and I'd like to learn another language. I'd like to add Italian as well. Interviewer: Italian? Miss Jones: Yes. Interviewer: Very good, very good, that ... that might be very useful. Now ... er ... tell me a little bit about ... er ... the work you're doing at present. Miss Jones: Um ... well ... er ... Europa Marketing is a marketing and public ... public relations company and they do ... they do consultancy work for companies operating in the UK and European markets. Er ... our clients come from all over the world ... um ... we deal with some of them by ... by post, but most of them come to our offices and at least once during a project. I assist the sales director by arranging these visits, setting up meetings and presentations and I ... I deal with her correspondence. I've not been able to go with her on any ... on any of her trips abroad, but I ... I've been to firms in this country, several times on my own ... um ... to make these arrangements. Interviewer: It sounds as if you're very happy there, Miss Jones. I'm curious why you'd like to leave them and join our company. Miss Jones: Well ... um ... I know the reputation of Anglo-European and it has a very good reputation. And I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. I might be able to possibly travel and use my languages because at the moment most of my work is ... is rather routine secretarial-type work and I like the idea of more ... um ... challenges in my life really ... Part ? The interviewer's eye A successful interview not only digs out the interviewee's educational background and employment history but also reflects the interviewee's inner reality. So to be a qualified interviewer is not an easy job. Skilled interviewers pay attention to what is said and notice how responses relate to non-verbal cues such as posture and facial expressions. A You are going to hear a recruitment manager. Here he is talking about what he looks for in a candidate. While listening for the first time, focus on the key words, add more key words if you can in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the table below with the help of the notes. At interview the first thing that I notice is how the person settles down, and when they sit down. Do they immediately rush into the room, grab a chair without being invited to sit down? Are they nervous?Do they spend a lot of time fiddling with their hands, brushing their hair back, holding their pen, tapping it on the table? Obviously everyone is nervous at interview and you make allowances for that, but if it continues throughout the whole interview then you have to ask yourself what will they be like in a normal job? Second thing that I look for is: Do they look at you? Do they make eye contact? Because if they won't look at you in a job which depends on making a good impression, then probably in the job they won't do very well in terms of making contact and having good relations with other colleagues. The sort of person normally we would look for would be someone who was, open, outgoing, enthusiastic and who could talk intelligently about what they had done and what they hoped to do. That doesn't mean that they have to have had a lot of experience but that they should be able to reflect on whatever experience they've had. The other kinds of things that we might talk about in an interview of course are what the person expects to get from a new job, and I think that it is important because it shows the expectations that the person has-what they want from their job. It's interesing to hear why people want to change jobs. B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the monologue. Supply the missing words with the help of the above notes. ... But as important as qualifications are, and you won't get to an interview or at least people won't get to an interview without the qualifications, the most important thing in fact is the character and how a person presents themselves at interview. I find it very difficult to define exactly the sort of person I am looking for, but when I meet someone I can tell whether they are the sort of person that I would like to appoint or whether they are not. At interview the first thing that I notice is how the person settles down, when they sit down. Do they immediately rush into the room, grab a chair without being invited to sit down? Are they nervous? Um, do they spend a lot of time fiddling with their hands, brushing their hair back, er holding their pen, tapping it on the table? Obviously everyone is nervous at interview and you make allowances for that, but if it continues throughout the whole interview then of course you have to ask yourself if they're like this after, say, an hour of interview, what will they be like in a normal job? Second thing that I look for is: Do they look at you? Do they make eye contact? Because if they won't look at you in a job where in, in a situation where a job depends on, on them making a good impression, then probably in the job they won't do very well in terms of making, er, good, making contact with other colleagues, making, having good relations with other colleagues. The sort of person normally we would look for would be someone who was, open, outgoing, enthusiastic and who could talk intelligently about what they had done and what they hoped to do. That doesn't mean that they have to have had a lot of experience but that they should be able to reflect on whatever experience they've had. The other kinds of, of um things that we might talk about in an interview of course are what, er what the person expects to get from a new job in a new country, and that I think is important because it shows the expectations that the person has — what they want from their job. Um it's interesting to hear why people want to change jobs, why they want to go to a new country. Part ? More about the topic: Job Situation for University Graduates in US In societies in which most people can earn a living only by working for others, being unable to find a job is a serious problem. The proportion of workers unemployed shows how well a nation's human resources are used and serves as an index of economic activity. In societies with high unemployment rate, it can be difficult for school graduates who have no experience at all to find appropriate jobs. The following short passage is about the job situation for university graduates in America. Supply the missing words while listening. Graduates are people who complete a high school or college education. Five years ago, we're reported about the job situation of college graduates in the United States. The summer of 1993 was the worst time for college graduates to be looking for a job since the end of World War II. There were fewer professional jobs than ever before. This was because many businesses had reduced the number of jobs to save money. Now the situation has changed. Experts say there are more jobs for college graduates than in recent years. They say companies will be employing more than 6% more college graduates this year and they will be paying them about 3% more than last year. There are several reasons for this. One reason is that the American economy is growing. Experts say it is the strongest economy in 25 years. The unemployment rate in May was less than 5%. This is the lowest rate since 1973. In addition many American companies dismissed a lot of workers several years ago because business was slow. Some experts say companies dismissed too many workers. Now the companies are doing more business than expected. They need more workers so they are offering jobs to college graduates. The national association of colleges and employers says that most jobs for college graduates are in the high technology industries. Companies in these industries are offering jobs to students with skills in computer science and engineering. There are not as many jobs for students with degrees in the liberal arts like English, history or philosophy. These students have to work hard to find jobs that use their skills and knowledge. Some of them may not find the kind of job they are looking for. They may have to work at a job that does not require much skill at all. There is a joke about this. It goes: what does the history graduate say to the engineering graduate? “Would you like fries with your hamburger, sir?” Experts believe, however, that the strong job market will help history graduates as well. They may not be forced to work serving hamburgers and French fries at a fast food eating place. Part ? Memory test: Job Opening Advertising techniques range in complexity from the publishing of simple, straightforward notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the concerted use of newspapers, magazines, television, radio, direct mail, and other communications media. Those who are unemployed will benefit a lot from various kinds of want-ads. You are going to hear a recording of a daily programme from a local radio station; Radio Southwest which gives out information about job vacancies (preferably only one time). Listen to the recording and complete the chart below. David: Hi you're listening to radio Southwest. The best in the Southwest from music along to the minute news. Sue is here. Hello, Sue. Sue: Hello, David. David: And we've got a job spot for you today, so if you are unemployed and looking for a new job, this could be a spot for you. So let's have a look and see what we've got today. How about a hairdresser? You must be experienced for this job and the pay will be agreed. So that will depend on experience. The hours are 8:30 to 5 Monday to Friday, and Saturday 8:45 to 1 p.m. So that's hours 8:30 to 5 Monday to Firday, and Saturday 8:45 to 1 p.m. a hairdresser. How about you Sue? What have you got? Sue: Right, David. Well, the first one we've got is a cook. That's in a large busy restaurant. So it's very useful to have experience in large scale cooking. The age is around 25 or so and pays 2 pounds an hour. So that's not bad, isn't it? (Mum) The hours are good, too. That's Monday to Friday 3 to 6:30. David: Great. Thanks Sue. So that's a cook. Now how do you fancy working out of doors? How do you fancy being a gardener? There is no age restrictions on this job. So as long as you're fit and strong, any age and it'll suit you. If you are keen on gardening, this could be a great job. The pay is 1 pound 70 an hour, and the hours: Tuesday to Saturday 8:30 to 5. Sunday you have to work once a month. But the bonus is on Monday. The garden centre's closed. Now the third work you would be doing is a general assistant in a garden centre. Potting, watering, things like that. So if you've got green fingers, how about applying for that pay 1 pound 70 an hour? Sue, what else have you got? Sue: Right, David. From outdoors to indoors, we've got a short-hand typist job here. That's in an office. And this job may suit a woman with school-age children. Because the hours are only 15 hours a week. The age is twenty to fortyish and the pay depends on the age. It's a small friendly office, but there is experience of course. The accuracy is more important than the experience. So they go. That's a nice short-hand typist job in an office. David: Great. Here is a job possibly to somebody who is a school leaver. It says: requires no experience at all but training will be given on the job. And pay is 67 pounds a week. What's the job? Hm, it's a shop assistant in a busy supermarket. It's a full time job, but the big thing is you don't need any experience. So if you're just leaving school, and fancy working in the supermarker, try that. You get one day off during a week and you must work one late evening to 9:30 p.m. OK, that's a shop assistant. Well, if you fancy any of those jobs, give us a ring here on job spot at Radio Southwest and now back to the music