英语阅读unit 16翻译

英语阅读unit 16翻译 Some myths about Physical Fitness[1]One of the most striking『显 著的;突出的』characteristics『特征，特点』of the fitness boom『热潮』 is how little many people seem to know about the subject.in fact,even those who've been exercising for years have wrong『错误的;不正确的』 ideas about how exercise and their bodies work.Here are some of the most common misconceptions『误解，错误的观念』:[1]健身热潮的显著特征 之一是很多人对于健身这项运动认识太少。不难想象，新参加健身的人是常犯 错误的，但有时即使是健身多年的人对于运动和身体机能仍有误解，以下就是 一些最常见的错误观点。Myth 1:I've been doing 100 sit-ups『仰卧起坐』 and side bends aday for weeks.Why can't Iget rid of my fat waist?误区 一:我连续几星期坚持每天做一百个仰卧起坐和侧弯腰，为什么还是不能除去 多余的脂肪呢?[2]Because spot『部位』reduction is impossible."When you use fat it comes from fatty substances-throughout the body,not from one specific location,"says Robert M.Otto,director of the Human Performance Laboratory at Adelphi University in Garden City.Sit-ups are fine for strengthening the abdominal『腹部的』muscles,but they won't melt fat away『消散;消失』."[2]原因是，要想在某一部位减肥是不 可能的。罗伯特.奥托，来自纽约州达登市阿德非大学人类行为学实验室主任， 指出要消耗的脂肪是来自整个身体里的很多脂肪类物质，犹如潭中取水，不是 来自某一特定的部位。仰卧起坐可以增强腹部肌肉，但对于减少脂肪却无能为 力。"[3]So how do you lose fat?It seems relatively simple:just burn off『烧掉;消耗掉』more calories『卡路里，热量单位』through exercise than you take in through food.Even then,problem weight may be the last to go:"there's agenetic『基因的』tendency『倾向』to lay down 『放下』fat in certain areas.We lose weight last from the place we put it on first."For most men,that will be in the abdominal or side areas,and for most women,the upper thighs,buttocks『臀部』and arms.[3] 那么如何减肥呢?似乎很简单，只要通过锻炼，燃烧掉比从食物中摄入的热量多 就行了。即使这样，"问题"部位的重量可能是最后才能除去的，他说:"除去某 些部位的脂肪具有一种遗传倾向性，先增加的脂肪要到最后才能除去。"对于大 多数男性来说，这样的部位在腹部和体侧，而对于女性来说是大腿上侧，臀部 和胳膊。Myth 2:If Ikeep lifting weights『举重』,I'm going to end up looking like one of those heavily muscled body builders.误区二:如果 坚持练举重，到头来我会有重量级健美运动员那样的身材和肌肉。[4]Don't worry,you won't-not unless you're the one in amillion with the genes 『基因』of an Arnold Schwarzenegger.Even then,you'd have to experience the same kind of exhausting『筋疲力尽』，physical exercise that most body builders do.The average person who works out three times aweek for ahalf-hour will never get this look.[4]大可放心，你不 会成功的。除非你有阿诺德.施瓦辛格的基因，但其可能性微乎其微，只有百万 分之一。即使那样，你还必须象大多数健美运动员那样进行高强度的锻炼，这 种锻炼常常是使人筋疲力尽的。一般人每星期锻炼三次，每次半小时，根本不 会变成健美运动员那样?Myth 3:I don't really need to lose weight.I just want to redistribute『重新分配』what I've got.误区三:我并不为减 肥，只是想使肌肉结实，重新分配身体的重量。[5]"You can't redistribute weight,"says Otto."We're talking about two different elements-fat,and lean『瘦的，非脂肪的』body mass,which includes muscle,bone and internal『体内的;内部的』organs."If you want to maintain your same basic weight,it's atwo-part process:you need to lose fat while gaining lean body tissue『组织』.There's simply no way fat can be change into muscle.[5]奥托断然说到:"你不可能重新分配身体的重量，我们 谈论的是两种不同的成份-脂肪和非脂肪物质。非脂肪物质包括:肌肉，骨胳和 内脏器官。"假如你要保持同样的体重，这一过程需要两个步骤:增加非脂肪组 织，同时除去脂肪。然而，脂肪转化成结实的肌肉却是绝对不可能的。[6]This misconception is the basis for another related myth:[6]基于这一错误 观念，另一相关的经常出现的误区是:Myth 4:I don't want to start building muscle,because if Istop exercising my muscle will turn to fat.误区四:我不想进行健美得便原因是因为:一旦停止锻炼，肌肉就会又变 成脂肪。[7]To repeat:muscle can't turn into fat.Fat can't turn into muscle."The reason many retired『退休的』athletes often appear overweight is simple:They don't use their muscles as much as they did.Thus their muscles get smaller.But they're still eating about the amount they used to,so they gain fat."[7]再重复一遍:肌肉不能转换成脂 肪，脂肪也不能转换成肌肉。很多退役的专业运动员常会超重的原因很简单， 他们没有象在运动生涯中那样频繁地使用肌肉，于是肌肉萎缩下来。但他们吃 The harder 的却还和过去一样，身体发福自然就在所难免了?Myth 5: Iwork,the faster I'll burn off calories.误区五:运动量越强，消耗热量 就越快。[8]Eager to get in『到达』shape,the novice『新手;初学者』 gets on astationary『固定的;』bike,and pedals away.A few minutes later,he is forced to stop,gasping『喘气，透不过气』for breath,but proud because he gave his heart areal exercise and burned off plenty of calories.Or did he?[8]新参加健身的人急于恢复体形，就在固定健身车上 拼命连续地蹬着。几分钟后，累得气喘如牛被迫停下来，自觉得意洋洋，给了 自己的心脏一次真正的锻炼，消耗掉很多热量。真是这样吗?[9]"In terms of caloric expenditures『支出;消费』,time is more important than intensity『强烈;极度』,"says Otto.And the average person cannot sprint『疾跑』or pedal at ahigh intensity for very long.A slower and steady speed is going to burn off more calories in the long run than are short bursts『爆发』of exhaustive『竭力的』exercise.[9]"就热量消 耗而言，时间比强度更重要，"奥托这样说。并且一般人不能做到长时间高强度 地快跑或蹬车。与那种爆发性的令人精疲力竭的锻炼相比，长时间有节奏地慢 跑消耗的热量更多。误区六:一分痛苦，一分收获[10]This may be true if you're training for the Olympic team.But for the average person,pain is awarning,Everyone should pay attention to what his body tells him,If it hurts,back off『止住;延缓』.[10]如果是对于参加奥林匹克运动 会的队员来说，这可能是对的，但对于平常人来说，疼痛是一种警告，每个人 都应该注意身体做出的警示。如果有了疼痛感，应该退下来。"[11]That doesn't mean exercise should involve『需要;意味着』no strain『竭力， 超过极限』or stress.There's adifference between pain and discomfort.True pain indicates『指示;指出』an injury『伤害;损 害』.The treatment for injury is rest,not more pain."(11)但这并不是说 运动就不用竭尽全力，不应有强度和压力。疼痛和不适是有区别的。疼痛表明 受到了伤害。治愈疼痛需要的是休息，而不是更大的疼痛。"Myth 7:I want to lose weight fast,so I'll wear an extra sweat suit while Ijog.误区 七:我想快些减肥，所以慢跑时多穿一套运动衣(这样就能多出汗)。 [12]"Increased sweating merely makes you lose water more quickly,"says Otto."When you weigh yourself,that will appear as four to thirty-six hours your body will weight loss.But within twenty- return to normal weight.It's simply atemporary water-weight loss that you're seeing.And,under some conditions,that loss could be dangerous."[12]奥托说:"多流汗只会使你的身体加快脱水，称重量时看起来 体重减轻了，但在24小时至36小时之内，你身体内部水合物会恢复到正常水 平，你先前所看到的只是水的重量的减轻。在有些情况下，这可能会是非常危 险的。Myth 8:If some exercise is good,more must be better.误区八:运 动越多越好。[13]Too much of agood thing can have negative『反面的，消 极的』consequences『后果，影响』.Overtraining,is aproblem,especially for beginners.The body needs time to rest and recover.In fact,it's during those periods of rest that the positive『积极的;建设性的』 things we seek from training,such as increased muscle mass,take place.[13]好的事情不一定有好的结果。超强度运动,尤其对初练者而言，就是 一个这样的问题。身体需要一段时间的休息和恢复。事实上，就是在这段休息 时间里，我们希望通过运动获得的积极的适应性调节(增加肌肉块，改善心血管 功能)才能得以进行。[14]Furthermore,exercise reaches apoint of diminishing『减少的』returns.If you exercise three times aweek,you're making gains.But if you exercise six times aweek,your gains will not be twice as great;they'll be only slightly higher.You also increase the risk of injuries due to overtraining."[14]此外，运动会达到一个回 落点。西蒙说:"如果你每星期锻炼三次，会有一定收获。但是如果一星期锻炼 六次，那么收获并不是两倍于前者的，只稍高一点，而且超强度运动给你造成 伤害的危险也会增加。"