词素

常用词素表 常见的前缀 (1)表示数量的前缀 1)semi-(L) hemi (G) 半 semiannually semicolon semi-colonial semi-conductor semimonthly semiautomatic semi-feudal semifinal semiliterate semiofficial semiweekly hemisphere semitransparent semi-sphere semi-cycle 2)uni-(L)一 uniform unilateral unanimous一致的unique union unison unit unite unity unisex universe university 3)mono-(GK)一 monotonous 单调的monograph专论文monopoly垄断monologue独白monorail 单轨monogamy 一夫一妻制 monosyllable 单音节monolateral单边monodrama独角戏 monologist独角戏表演者monolingual单语的monochrome 单色 monocrop单一作物monocultural 文化单一的monarch君主monoculture单种栽培monographer专著作家monology 独语僻 4)bi-(L)二 bicycle binocular biweekly bimonthly bilateral biplane binary bilingual bipartisan bicentennial bichrome bigamy bicolor bicorn bicultural bicyclist biceps二头肌biconditional bicommunal 5)di(GK)二 dialogue dioxide diode dilemma diphthong dialinguistics(双语学) 6)ambi-(L)二 ambidextrous双手熟练的ambiguous模棱两可的ambivalence 矛盾心理 ambiguity歧义ambilingual双语的ambisexual两性人 ambisyllable双音节ambitendency矛盾心理ambivert中间性格 ambiversion中间性格ambisonics高保真度立体声复制 7) amphi (GK) 二 amphibian两栖amphichromatic双色的amphibology(语言模棱两可) 8)tri (GK,L)三 triangle trigonometry tripod trilogy triode triple tricycle 9)deci-(L) 十分之一 decimeter deciliter decibel decimal decigram 10)deca-(GK),十 decade decameron decagon decimeter 11)centi-(L)百分之一 centigrade cent century centennial centipede 12)kilo-(GK) 千 kilometer kilogram kilowatt kilocycle 13) milli-(L)千 millimeter milligram millennium 14) myria(GK) 万 myriameter myriorama myriad 15)mega(GK)百万 megacycle megaphone megaton 16)micro-(GK)百万分之一 micro-organism micro-wave microwave micro-film micro-print micro-climate micro-balance micro-switch micro-surgery micro-book micro-world micro-particle micro-crack micro-file micro-crobe micro-explosion micro-earthquake micro-electronics micro-phone micro-scope micro-chemistry microwave microcode microcomputer 17)multi-(L) 多 multiple choice multi-national multitude multiply multi-purpose multiracial multilateral multi-polar multi-molecular multi-channel multiform multi-head multi-centric multi-role multiparty multiple multiple store multiprobe multitasking multiversity 18)poly-(GK)多 polytechnical polyclinic polygamy polycentric polymer Polynesia polysemy polysyllable polygon polypoly polyandry polycentrist 19)mini-(L)小 minibus minicrystal minicoat miniboom minicomputer miniwatergate minisummit minicam minicab ministate minipark minitrain miniwar minitype minigun minicar miniskirt minicrisis minikin minimal miniature minify minimize minimum minister minipants minor minority minus minute 20) maxi-(L) 大 maxicoat maxiskirt maxiorder maximum maxishorts maximize maximal maximazation (2) 表示否定的前缀 1)a-(变体为an,用在元音之前)(GK)表示缺乏某种性质。 apathetic aseptic athermal asexual atypical anaemia anarchy amorphous avitaminous amoral 2)anti- (变体为ant-,用在元音及辅音h 之前)(GK)表示…反对,反面?等意思。 the Anti-Japanese War antibiotics antibody anticancer antipathy Antarctic antiaircraft gun 3)contra (L) 表示“相反,反对”。 contrast contrary contradict contraceptive 4) counter (L) 表示“相反” counterpart counter-revolutionary counteraction counterclaim counterattack counterclockwise countercharge counterculture counterevidence counterexample counterembargo countercase 5)de(L) 表示“相反”和“去除”等意思。 decolor decomposition demilitarize demagnetize demobilize deform destruction decapitate decentralize deescalate demystify detach depenalize depollute debureaucritize deration defame de-oil decode defuse defrost debug 6)dis-(L)表示“否定或相反”的意思。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disappoint disarm disaster discard discharge discontinue discomfort discount discourage discover disorder disease dishonorable dissatisfaction disproof dissuade 7)in-(变体为ig,il,im,ir,)表示否定意义。 inaccessible inaccurate inadequate incapable incompatible incredible indefinite indispensable ineffective inevitable inexpensive infinite innocent innumerable inorganic insignificant instability insufficient invariably invisible ignoble ignorance illegal illogical illiterate immoral impatient imperfect improper impurity irregular irresponsible irrespective irreversible 8)mal-含有“坏,不当”的意思。 maltreat malnutrition malediction malformation malefactor maladministration malpractice malfunction 9)mis-(OE) 表示错误或否定的意思。 misdeed misfire misfortune misguided mislead misspell misprint misuse mistrust mistake mispronounce misrepresent misunderstand 10)non-(L) 表示否定的意思。 nonconformist noninterference nonsense non-smoker nonviolence non-stop flight non-achiever non-addict non-color non-book(非) 11)un(OE) 表示“否定,相反”的意思。 uncertain unconscious undesirable unemployment unfair unfit unfortunately unheard-of unload unlock unbend undo unsuitable unfasten untie undress (3) 表示空间和时间的前缀 ab-表示“脱离,分离”(away,off,from,apart) abnormal absent abuse absorb abstract 2) ad-,意思是…朝向,附近,增减为(to,towards,at ,near,into )。? 变体为(ac-,af-,al-,an,ap,as,at,)。 adapt address adequate adhere adjacent adjective adjoin admire adopt admission adventure advertise advocate accent accelerate access accommodate accompany accomplish accord account accumulate accuse accustom acquisition acquaint acquire affect affirm afford aggravate aggressive allege alleviate allot announce annul ally appendix appetite applaud appliance appoint appreciate approach approve approximate arrange array arrest arrow assemble assess assign attain associate assist assume assure attach attract attribute 3)amb-(GK)意思是“周围”(around,about). ambient ambition ambush 4)ante-(L)表示…在前面或早于?。 anteroom antecedent antedate 5)by-(OE)表示“副”,“次要的”。 byend bylaw bypass bypath byproduct byroad bywork 6)circum-(L) 表示…周围,环绕? circuit circulate circumstance circumlocution circus encircle circular circumference circumcircle circle circumnavigation cycle bicycle encyclopedia 7)de-(L) 表示…向下,离开?。 decay decline degradation depend deposit depress depart deviate department deficiency default deflect descend 8)dia-(GK)表示“通过”(through, between)。 diagnose diagram dialogue diameter 9)dis-(变体为di)(L)表示“分离,离去”。 dismiss displace dispel dissipate dissolve distribute dimension diverse divorce distinguish distillation 10)ex-(变体为e,ee,ef,)(GK,L)表示“外面或向外”. exceed exceedingly excellent except exception excess exclaim exhaust exhibit exhibition exit exact emit emigrate exotic exodus expand expenditure explain explicit explode export expose exposition extend extensive exterior external extract 有时这个词缀表示…前任?。 ex-president ex-husband ex-serviceman ex-mayor ex-convict 11)extra-(L) 表示“外面和通过”。 extra extraordinary extravagant 12)fore-(OE) 表示时间或空间上的前面。 forearm foreleg forefront foresee forecast foregoing foreground forewarn forehead foretell foreword 13)in-(变体为il, im, ir) , 表示“内部,向内”。(in,into,upon) include income incorporate induce ingredient inherent inject inland inlet input insert insight inspire intake invade invest investigate imprison involve inward illuminate immigrate impact implement import impression 14)inter-表示“相互,之间”。 interact interchange intercourse interconnect intermediate international interplanetary interpret interrupt interdepend intervene interview interpersonal interfere interbehaviorism 15)out-(OE),表示“外面,向外和超过”。 outbreak outcome outdoor outlet outline outlook output outnumber out-patient outsider outstanding 16)over-(OE)表示…在上面,超越,过分?。 overact overall overburden overcharge overcoat overcome overcritical overflow overestimate overhang overhead overlap overload overlook overnight overseas overtake overwhelm 17)per-(L)表示“穿过,完全”。 perceive perfect perform performance persist persuade pervade 18)post-(L) 表示时间或空间上的后面。 postscript postwar postpone postgraduate post-modernism posthumous 19)pre-(L),表示时间或空间上的前面。 precaution precede preceding unprecedented predecessor predict predominant preface prefer pre-election prehistoric preheat preliminary prelude prepare preposition prerequisite prescribe preserve president presume pretend prevent previous 20)pro-(GK) 表示表示时间,空间或顺上的“前面”。 procedure proceed process procession proclaim produce profession profile profit program progress project prominent promise promote pronounce propel propose proposition prospect protest provide provision 21)re-(L)表示“返回”,“还原”“反对”和“相互”的意思。 recall receipt reconcile recover reflect renew release repair replaceresign resource restore reverse review rebel reclaim reject reluctant repel resent resist restrain restrict revolt reset response revenge remote remove retire redouble refine remark research respect resolve 22)sub--(L) ( 变体为suc, suf ,sug,sup sus),意思是…在…下面?, 引申义有“亚”“副”“次”“分”“再”等。 sub-committee sub-conscious sub-delegate sub-tropical sub--band sub-title sub-way sub-system sub-topic sub-space substandard sub-normal sub-mersion sub-mission subminiature sub-man sub-sample sub-sale sub-mark subdivide subject submarine subordinate sub-program subscribe substance substitute suburb subsoil sub-water subtract succeed sufficient suggest support supply suppress suspend suspect sustain 23)super-(L) (变体为sur-,sup-) 意思是“ ”在。。。上面,超过(on top,above)“ superficial superior superiority superman supermarket superpower supersonic superstructure superface surplus survive supreme 24)tele-(GK) 表示“远”。 telegram telegraph telephone telescope telelecture telemarketing television telecommunications(telecom) telephoto teleoperator teleplay telesat telescript telewriter telerecord telex telecamera teleconfernecetelefilm teleclass telecourse teleport teleprinter teleprocessing telethon telework 25)trans-(L) 表示“横过,越过(across)”。 transaction transfer transform transcontinental transient transistor translate transmit transparent transport transgene transcentury transplant 26)ultra-(L)表示“在。。。之外(beyond)” ultrahigh超高ultra-left ultra-right ultraviolet紫外线ultrasonic超声波 27)under (OE)表示“低于,不足” underdeveloped underestimate undergraduate underground underprivileged underline underlying underloaded underinvestment underlet undermine underpaid underpass underpayment underworld underneath undertake undertone undertime underwrite (4)表示程度的前缀page37-38 extra-(L) 表示“超过的” extra extraordinary exrtraterritorial external extramural extranuclear extravagant 2)out (OE) 表示“超过的”意思 outweigh outnumber outbid outdo outeat outfly outgeneral outgrow outrank 3)over(OE)表示“过分,太” overcharge overcareful overact overbuild overburden overdo overcritical overdose overestimate overpopulated overwork overcaution 4)quasi-(L)表示“类似的,准”。 quasihistorical quasicholera quasiofficial quasisovereign quasiconductor quasi contract 5)under-(OE)表示…低于,不足?。 undercharge underdeveloped undersized understaffed underexposure (5)表示特殊意义的前缀 auto-((GK)表示“自身、自己、自动“的意思。 automobile automation autobiography autosuggestion autonomy (自治) autocracy autogamy autograph autothermic autotransformer 2) con-(L) “一起,共同”(变体有con,com cor)page39---page 41 conceal concentrate concern conclude concrete concurrent condense conduct confess conference confidence confirm conflict conform confront confuse congratulate congress conquer consent consequence comprehensive conserve constitute consult consume contact context contest contract contribution conversation collaborate colleague collide combat combine commission committee community compact comparative compile compatible comply compose compound compress compromise corporation correlated correspond 3)eu-(GK) 表示“好”的意思。Page41 eulogy颂词eugenics优生学euphemism委婉语euphony 谐音 4) hetero-(GK) 表示“异,杂”。 heterogen异基因heterogeneous异类的,异性的,异族的heterosexual异性恋的 heteromorphy 异态现象hetero-metabolism异新陈代谢heteronym 同型异音异义词 heterophobia异性恐惧症heterosuggestion他人暗示heterograph异拼法 5)homo-(GK),表示“相同”的意思。 homo-geneous 均匀的homo-type同型homo-sexual同性恋的homo-transplant同种移植 6)neo-(GK) 表示“新的” neocolonialism新殖民主义neo-classicism新古典主义Neolithic新石器时代的 neo-Darwinism 新达尔文主义neologism 新词语 7)re-(L) 表示“再一次,重新”的意思。 readjust reaffirm rebirth rebuild recite reform refreshment refuel reconsider revise relay relieve remind represent reputation resort retail retrieve revive renew refund resume resort remedy 8)syn-(GK)表示“共同,合”。Page43 sympathy同情symphony 交响乐symposium座谈会 synonym 同义词syntonic谐振的synthesis合成syntherma同温的l 9)vice-(L)表示“副,次”的意思。 vice-president vice-minister viceregal 副王的viceroy副王viscount 子爵 (6) 改变词类的前缀 1)a-(L) 能将动词转换成表语性形容词,或者将名词转化成副词。Page 44 afire 燃烧着alive asleep astir astride跨坐着aglimmer闪着微光 awash 波浪冲打的afloat aboard abed aside aback向后 2)be-(OE) 能将不及物动词或名词,形容词转换成及物动词。 befall 使遭遇bemoan 悲叹beseem适宜bespeak预示befriend帮助belittle贬低 becloud 遮暗becalm使镇定befog使迷惑bedew沾湿bedim 使阴暗 3)en-(L) 将名词、形容词转换成动词,并表示“置于。。。之中。” enable encircle 包围embody 体现endanger 危及enslave 奴役 enlarge enfeeble使衰弱ensure保证empower授权 二常见的词根 ag,act (L) 含义是“做”。 agency agent agonda(议事日程) agitate(鼓动)act action activity actual counteract exact interact react transaction actor 2)audi-(L),含义是“听”。 audible audit audio-visual method audience auditorium(礼堂) 3)bat,(L)含义是“打”。 bat battle battery batter combat battalion(军队) 4)bio (GK) 含义是“生命”。 biology biography antibiotics(抗生素)bioengineering bioscience bionics autography biographer(传记作家)autobiographer 5)ced,ceed,cess (L),含义是“走”。 exceed exceeding excess excessive accede access concede antecedent proceed procedure process procession succeed successful successive succession successor recede(后退)recess(休息)secede (退出) 6)cid,cis (L)含义是“切割,杀”。 decide concise precise excide切除incise 切入homicide(杀人罪) insecticide pesticide bactericide tyrannicide(诛杀暴君) suicide(自杀) 7)claim,clam,(L) 含义是“呼喊”。 claim exclaim proclaim reclaim(改造)acclaim(喝彩)clamor (喧闹) 8)clud,clus(L) 含义是“关闭”。 conclude include exclude preclude (免除,预防) 9)cord (L)含义是“心”。 concord (同心)discord(不和)cordial(衷心的)courage record core accordance(一致,符合) 10)cre (L) 含义是“生长”。 concrete increment(增长)create creature increase decrease 11)cur, cours (L) 含义是“跑”。 current concurrent同时发生occur recur excursion intercourse precursor(一致) 12) dict (L)含义是“说”。 dictate dictation dictator(独裁者)dictionary edict (法令) predict indicate contradict(反驳)diction (措辞) 13) duce (L) 含义是“引导”。 produce deduce(推导)reduce seduce(引诱) educate conduct introduce abduct(诱拐) 14) equ (L) 含义是“相等的”。 equal equate adequate equator equivalent equivocal equation 15) fin (L) 含义是“末尾”。 final finish finite confine (限制) definition(定义)definite infinite(无限的)define (下定义) 16)flect,flex (L) 含义是“弯曲”。 flexible(易弯曲的)flexibility deflect(偏斜) reflect反思reflection inflection(屈折变化) 17)flu (L) 含义是“流动:。 fluid fluent influence affluence(丰富)influx(倾入) fluctuate(波动)confluence(会合)flush(奔流)flux(流动) 18) fort, fore (L) 含义是“强有力”。 effort enforce force fort fortitude(坚毅)reinforce comfort 19) frag(L) 含义是“破碎”。 fragment(碎片)fraction frail(脆弱的)fragile(易碎的)fracture (骨折) 20)gen (GK)含义是“出生”。 generate genetics ingenerate(天生的)genuine(真的) generous degenerate genocide(种族灭绝)generator transgenic (转基因) general 21)geo (GK) 含义是“地球”。 geography 地理geology地质学geomagnetic(地磁的) geometry(几何学) geoscience地球科学geochemistry地球化学geothermal(地热学) 22)grand,gress (L) 含义是“一步或迈步”。 grade graduate gradual degrade progress congress aggress(侵略)regress 23)gram, graph (GK) 含义是“写或书写的东西”。 Phonograph留声机diagram grammar photograph micrograph(微写器) monograph(专题论文) program telegram thermogram(自记温度图表) 24)grav(L) 含义是“沉重”。 grave严重grief忧愁gravity重力aggravate(加重) 25)her, hes (L)含义是“粘着”。 adhere cohere cohesion adhesive hesitate inhere inherent (内在的) 26)hydro (GK)含义是“水或氢”。 hydro-power水电hydraulic水力的hydroelectric水力发电的hydrocarbon (碳氢化合物) hydroplane水上飞机hydrogen氢hydromechanics 流体力学hydroextractor (脱水机) 27) ject,(L) 含义是“抛或扔”。 Eject9弹出)inject(注射)project reject object subject jet interject (突然插入) 28)loc (L) 表示“地方”。 local locate locomotive 火车头allocate分配collocate 并置 radiolocation无线电测位locality地点location localize 使地方化 29)log (GK)含义是“说话或推理”。 logic dialogue prologue序幕epilogue 跋,结束语trilogy 三步曲 climatology气候学ecology 生态学phonology语音学eulogist赞扬者 cosmology宇宙学technology工艺学 30)man,manu (L)含义是“手”。 manual manipulate 操纵manuscript手稿manage manifest表明manufacture 31) meter (GK) 表示“计,表,器,仪”。 radiomicrometer 放射显微仪speedometer 速度计thermometer 温度表 bocolourimeter 双色比色计gasometer煤气表hydrometer 液体比重表 photoelectrometer光电表watermeter水表lightmeter照度表 32)medi (L) 含义是“中间”。 immediate没有间隔的medium 媒介mediator调停人intermediate中间的 33) mit,miss (L) 含义是“发,送”。 admit emit(发出)submit(使服从)transmit missile message dismiss promise 34)mov,mot (L)含义是“动”。 remove remote emotion motion promotion motor locomotive mobile automobile movement 35)nat (L) 含义是“出生”。 native nation antenatal产前的postnatal产后的 innate天生的cognate天生的nature天性renaissance复兴 36)not (L)含义是“知道”。 note notice announce notary notorious臭名昭著的noble denote表示 37)nov(L)含义是“新的”。 novelty innovate(革新)novice(新手)renovate(更新) 38)path (GK)含义是“感情,疾苦”。 pathetic sympathy antipathy (憎恶) apathy(漠然)pathology (病理学) pathogen (病原体) pathomorphology (病理形态学) hydropathy (水疗法) 39)pedal (L)含义是“足”。 pedal pedestrian行人,pedicab 三轮车pedicure 足疗法 centipede百足之虫expedition impede防碍biped两足的 40) pel,puls (L) 含义是“推或逐”。 Impulse冲动impel 推动expel 开除repulse击退 propel 推进despel驱散compel 强迫pulse脉冲 41) phon (GK)含义是“声音”。 Phonograph留声机phonology语音学microphone麦克风earphone 耳机 Videophone电视电话symphony交响曲audiphone 助听器 42)photo (GK)意思是“光”。 photograph照片photoswitch 光控开关photoflash闪光灯 photoeffect光效应phototube 光电管photology光学photoelectron 光电子 43)pon,pos,(L) 含义是“放,置”。 postpone component成分compose position apposition同位语deposit储存 expose oppose反对propose preposition前置词depose 罢官 post impose强加interpose 插入,干涉 44) port(L) 意思是“拿,运”。 portable import export transport report deport support port porter transportation 45) press (L) 意思是“挤,压”。 press pressure compress压缩compressor express impress impression suppress忍住repress 镇压oppress 压迫 46)prim,prior (L)含义是“第一,居先的”。 Prime主要的primary primitive原始的prior priority优先(权) 47)rupt (L) 含义是…破,裂。 rupture坏裂disrupt 破坏corrupt 腐败erupt 爆发,喷出 bankrupt 破产interrupt打断abrupt突兀 48)scop (GK)含义是“观看”。 scope 范围microscope显微镜telescope 望远镜photoscope照相望远镜radarscope雷达显示器 49)scrib,script 含义是“写”。 prescribe 开处方subscribe签署,订阅describe inscribe 题写,刻写 transcribe 转抄postscript 附言scripture手稿scribble 潦草,涂写 manuscript手稿script 笔迹typescript 打印材料 50)spec,spect,含义是“看。” spectator旁观者conspicuous显著的inspect perspective 透视spectacle景象 prospect前景suspect怀疑respect despise 轻视prospect 视野 51)tang,tact,(L) 含义是“接触”。 contact 接触tact 技巧tactile 触角的intact 未触动的 tangible 可触摸的contagious接触传染的tangent切线 52)term, (L) ,含义是“终端,界限”。 term学期terminal末端的,学期的terminate 结束determine决定,决心 53)tract (L) 含义是“拉,抽”。 attract吸引tractor 拖拉机abstract提取,摘录contract 收缩,extract 拔出,抽出subtract 减去retract抽回protract延长,拖拉distract 分神tract道,一片土地 trace痕迹track 路径,轨道trait 笔画,品格 54)therm,thermo(GK) 含义是“热”。 geothermal地热的thermometer温度计thermos flack热水瓶thermostat恒温器 thermochemistry热化学thermodynamics 热力学thermoregulator温度调节器 55)sta(L),含义是…站,立?。 state station establish constant substance install安装static静止的 stay stable standard circumstance obstacle障碍statue 塑像 56)tain (L),含义是“握,持”。 contain attain sustain支持detain 扣留abstain避开tenant房客,佃户 obtain maintain retain保留pertain关于tenacious顽强的entertain 57)sign(L) 含义是“标志,记号”。 sign signal signature签名significant 有意义的 signify表示assign design designate指明resign辞职 58)vac,van (L) 含义是“空的”。 vacant空的vanish消失vacany 空缺vain空虚,徒劳 vacuum真空vanity虚荣心evacuate 撤空vacation 假期 59)val,vail (L) 含义是“有力量的”。 valid 有效的validity有效性invalid无效的prevail 胜过prevalent 流行的 evaluate评价convalescent 复壮的available可用的availability可用性valiant 勇敢 equivalent 等值的,对等的value价值valour 勇气,胆量 60)ven,vent(L),含义是“来,发生。” avenue 林荫大道adventure convene召集,召开inventor convenient 方便 convention 会议event prevent conventional常规的eventually终于 intervene干涉,介入advent来临,问世revenue 收入 61)vict,vinc(L)含义是“战胜,征服”。 victory victorious胜利的conviction 信服convince使信服invincible战无不胜 62)viv,vit,(L)含义是“活,生命”。 vivid vital survive幸存,存活revive 复苏vitamin 维生素 vigor有生气vigorous生机勃勃 63)voc,vok(L)含义是“叫喊,声音。” vocative 呼叫的vocal vocalist歌唱家advocate 提倡,鼓吹evoke 唤出,引起 invoke 要求revoke撤回vocabulary 词汇equivocal 模棱两可 64)volt(L)含义是“滚动”。 evolve展开,进化devolve移交involve 卷进 revolt 反叛,起义revolve 旋转volume 册,卷 65)vert ,vers,(L) 含义是“转”。 reverse倒转inversion倒装verse诗versatile多方面的version 译本,版本 convert 转变converse谈话universe 宇宙pervert堕落diverse 多种多样的 avert避开divert转移subvert 颠覆advertise 登广告diverse 相异 66)vid,vis (L) 含义是“看”。 evident明显的visible 可见的visual 视力的,视觉的television电视 visit 参观,看望revise校订,修正vision视野survey 观察,调查 videotape录像带provide 预备,提供supervise监督videognosis 电视诊断 videophone可视电话videotext视传(系统)videophile电视录像迷