2012考研英语兰州交通大学特训班模拟题(含答案)

2012考研英语兰州交通大学特训班模拟题(含答案) 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语冲刺试卷? 12. [A] in spite of [B] rather than [C] because of [D] without Section I Use of English 13. [A] reported [B] calculated [C] said [D] believed Directions: 14. [A] same [B] comparable [C] equal [D] equivalent 15. [A] However [B] Actually [C] Then [D] So Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 16. [A] non-smoking [B] no-smoking [C] anti-smoking [D] against smoking Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially (1) the 17. [A] struggles [B] fights [C] campaigns [D] battles advertisements are usually written with young people in mind. (2) advertising, the tobacco companies have 18. [A] the little [B] a little [C] little [D] some little begun to (3) sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of (4) 19. [A] by [B] for [C] as [D]with 20. [A] difficulties [B] phenomena [C] problems [D] situations sports (5) condition that the name of the cigarette is (6) This is now (7) concern, because it does Section ?Reading Comprehension exactly (8) many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection (9) being strong and athletic. Part A In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be Directions: (10) as well: "3 wish smoker would stop (11) the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant (12) having to smell cigarettes smoke." It has been (13) Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the (14) of two Text 1 or three cigarettes during an evening. (15) , non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by (16) advertising According to comScore, Facebook is the leading social networking site based on monthly unique visitors, or just aware that smoking is no having overtaken main competitor MySpace in April 2008. According to Alexa, the website's ranking among longer really a polite thing to do. Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of worldwide traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th. Quantcast ranks the website 15th in U.S. in terms of traffic, and Compete. com ranks it They have begun advertising (17) to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking 14th in U.S. American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending (18) money they have on a product which the west recognizes The Internet phenomenon, which boasts 80 million users worldwide, exploded in popularity over the past (19) unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in year as a convenient way for Web users to communicate and share personal details with selected groups of South East Asia will become some of tomorrow's (20) . friends or acquaintances. But grammatical errors in the automated messages Facebook uses to personalize 1. [A] that [B] when [C] where [D] since pronouns when members share information with their friends have proliferated since the site expanded from 2. [A] In the place of [B] In place of [C] Besides [D] Except English-only into 15 new languages in recent months. 3. [A] promote [B] develop [C] sponsor [D] help And now, Facebook will press members to declare whether they are male or female, seeking to end the 4. [A] other [B] another [C] others [D] some grammatical device that leads the site to refer to individual users as "they" or "themself." "We've gotten 5. [A] on [B] in [C] with [D] under feedback from translators and users in other countries that translations wind up being too confusing when 6. [A] suggested [B] claimed [C] mentioned [D] declared people have not specified a sex on their profiles," Facebook product manager Naomi Gleit said in a company 7. [A] causing [B] making [C] giving [D] setting statement. 8. [A]that [B] which [C] as [D] what In English, when users fail to specify what gender they are, Facebook defaults to some form of the gender 9. [A]with [B]of [C] for [D] to neutral, plural pronoun "they." That option is unavailable when the plural is always masculine or feminine in 10. [A] believed [B] thought [C] considered [D] regarded other languages. "People who haven't selected what sex they are frequently get defaulted to the wrong sex," 11. [A] damaging [B] spoiling [C] decaying [D] destroying Gleit wrote. provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, Unless the gender of the user is clear, Facebook does not know which pronoun to use to notify other The term massage therapy (also called massage, for short; massage also refers to an individual treatment members add information to the site. This common English problem is multiplied in languages where session) covers a group of practices and techniques. There are over 80 types of massage therapy. In all of them, masculine and feminine distinctions are grammatically ingrained. therapists press, rub, and otherwise manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body, often varying pressure and movement. They most often use their hands and fingers, but may use their forearms, elbows, or The site will now ask users to specify whether they are male or female on their basic member- ship profile. It will prompt existing users to define themselves. Facebook has an opt-out option for members who feet. Typically, the intent is to relax the soft tissues, increase delivery of blood and oxygen to the massaged choose not to specify their gender or do not consider gender to be clear cut. Members can remove mention of areas, warm them, and decrease pain. Massage therapy dates back thousands of years. References to massage have been found in ancient gender from messages about their activities. "We've received pushback in the past from groups that find the male/female distinction too limiting," Gleit said. writings from many cultures, including those of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Japan, China, Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent. In the United States, massage therapy first became popular and was promoted for a 21. What does the word "traffic" (Line3, Paragraph1) most probably mean? variety of health purposes starting in the mid-1800s. In the 1930s and 1940s, however, massage fell out of [A] The number of visits to a certain website. [B] The change of website rankings. favor, mostly because of scientific and technological advances in medical treatments. Interest in massage revived in the 1970s, especially among athletes. [C] The amount of profit a website able to generate annually. [D] The trend in communication industry. More recently, a 2002 national survey on Americans' use of CAM (published in 2004) found that 5 percent of the 31,000 participants had used massage therapy in the preceding 12 months, and 9.3 percent had 22. Which one of the following is true about Facebook? ever used it. According to recent reviews, people use massage for a wide variety of health-related intents: for [A] The websites are losing their popularity in a gradual way. [B] Registered user's profiles are open to anyone on the internet. example, to relieve pain ( often from musculoskeletal conditions, but from other conditions as well); rehabilitate sports injuries; reduce stress; increase relaxation; address feelings of anxiety and depression; and [C] Only friends and acquaintances of the users have access to their profiles. [D] The website is in English only since English is a universal language now. aid general wellness. 23. From the passage, we know that Facebook is now faced with the problem that Massage therapy appears to have few serious risks if appropriate cautions are followed. A very small [A] less and less people are paying visits to it number of serious injuries have been reported, and they appear to have occurred mostly because cautions were [B] people are cheating about their real gender on it not followed or a massage was given by a person who was not properly trained. Health care providers recommend that patients not have massage therapy before they consult their doctors about their own health [C] it is difficult to tell whether an user is male or female [D] users are using impropriate language there conditions. 24. From the passage, we know that in some other language than English, Scientists are studying massage to understand what effects massage therapy has on patients, how it has those effects, and why. Some aspects of this are better understood than others. There are many more aspects [A] there is no difference between male and female in pronouns [B] it is very rude to ask about the gender question on internet that are not yet known or well understood scientifically. More well-designed studies are needed to understand and confirm these theories and other scientific aspects of massage. [C] even plural form of pronouns have gender tendencies [D] the singular form and plural form is the same 26. Which one of the following statements about massage is NOT correct according to the passage? 25. Which one of the following is true under the new regulations of Facebook? [A] Many different practices and techniques can all be called massage. [B] Soft tissues of the body are usually the target of massage. [A] The users are encouraged to include their gender information in their extended profiles. [B] Only the new registrations are influenced by this new regulation. [C] Hands and fingers aide the only body parts that therapists use when practicing massage. [D] Massage can do much more than just providing relaxation. [C] Users can still choose not to specify their gender. [D] Everyone is welcoming this new regulation since it brings ahout clarity and convenience. 27. Which one of the following statements is true about the history of massage? Text 2 [A] It has a history of about several hundred years. provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, [B] It is only found in ancient Asia countries like China and Japan. don't care about how they are being liked anymore," Williams said. "They just want to establish control by [C] It lost its popularity after 1970s because of medical advances. being recognized. People are more likely to be violent in order to get that recognition," Williams said. [D] It had twists and turns in its development in U.S. His research has found that people are generally ostracized at least once a day, like the waiter who refills water glasses without notice, or the person who sits next to you on the bus without a glance. These interactions 28. In the survey mentioned in paragraph 3, we know that 9.3 percent of the participants [A] used massage therapy in 2002 [B] used massage therapy in 2004 may not seem like much, but Williams asserts that even the slightest situations in which people feel invisible [C] had used massage therapy at least once [D] used massage therapy in 2001 can have a negative impact on them. In his studies, a total of 70 percent of people said they had been given the 29. Paragraph 4 is mainly concerned about "silent treatment" by their loved ones. [A] side effects and risks of massage therapy 31. The central concept of the passage "ostracism" most probably refers to [A] the problem of distressing experienced by school students [B] safety of massage therapy [B] the phenomenon of some students being excluded by peers [C] cautions that the therapists need to follow [D] the training processes of a qualified therapists [C] the violence happening on campus witnessed by students [D] the issue of some students unwilling to communicate with peers 30. From the passage, we know that the study of massage [A] have not got started yet 32. Which one of the following is true about ostracism? [B] needs more research on therapy practice [A] It is a problem only experienced by children. [C] can not explain therapy practice at all [B] Only humans will ever have such behaviors. [D] can provide full explanations for therapy practice [C] Children learn about ostracism from their parents. Text 3 [D] Children can learn to use ostracism by themselves. School shootings across the country continue to discuss the story of the student who is outcast by fellow 33. From paragraph 3, we know that Williams got his research result from peers and decides to lash out. These reports may leave some wondering if ostracism is a legitimate cause for [A] literature review [B] face-to-face interview violence. Kip Williams believes it is. Williams, a professor of psychology at Purdue University, recently came [C] computer games [D] social experiment to campus to speak about the effects of being ostracized. These effects can be distressing, but they often go 34. According. to Williams, the victims of ostracism tend to be unnoticed, he said. "I would have rather been beaten or bullied than be ignored," Williams said, reflecting on [A] caring [B] careful what some of the participants in his experiments felt after they were left out of a game of toss. "Even two [C] controlling [D] violent minutes of invisibility is painful," he said. 35. Which one of the following is true about the experience of ostracism? Ostracism, the act of ignoring or excluding, is a phenomenon not only found in the adult world, according [A] It is often and harmful. [B] It is rare but harmful. to Williams. Children play simple games which leave peers out without being taught to do so. Even animals [C] It is often but harmless. [D] It is rare and harmless. use forms of ostracism, Williams said. Lions, wolves and bees, for example, use the tactic to keep out Text 4 burdensome members of their groups, which often results in death for the excluded member. Exclusion among "I was just like you--I' thought I was invincible," says Adam Blomberg, standing before 400 students in humans can be similarly detrimental, he said. a darkened auditorium at Miami's Coral Reef Senior High School. A photo of a bloodied and unconscious Williams conducted a computer game of toss, and showed the results for those who did not receive teenager, a breathing tube protruding from his mouth, flashes on the wall. the ball. Their angry, disappointed and saddened faces showed just how important inclusion is in human "That was me," he says. There's a collective gasp before the room grows silent and Blomberg,31, an interaction. In another experiment, the excluded participants had no control over loud noises entering their anesthesiologist who trained at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, begins the story of what happened headphones. The result was that they chose to act out against fellow participants. one night in February 1995. That lack of control is what Williams believes triggers aggression. "When control is robbed, then people He created a presentation illustrating the dangers of behaving irresponsibly in a car, from not buckling up provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, to speeding to driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. He tracked down photos of teen crash victims [D] Numerous accidents he heard of. from the center's archives, then incorporated statistics and his own experience. He spoke the first time to a 40. Which one of the following is the best title for this passage? local Boy Scout troop and was soon giving his talk, "A Survivor's Story," at high schools around the state. [A] Teen Driving Risks Are Highest [B] Vehicle Safety Trends Will Drive Interior The Blomberg family had reason to celebrate. Adam had fully recovered and was on his way to fulfilling his lifelong dream of becoming a doctor. But in January 2000, Blomberg's 22-year-old step-brother, Michael, [C] Road Safety Management and Emergency Response was killed in a crash while driving to his Atlanta home late one night. He wasn't wearing a seat belt. After the [D] Teaching Teens Safe Driving ccident, Blomberg stopped telling his story to crowds, racked with guilt over his inability to reach Michael. If a Part B Blomberg had failed his own brother, he reasoned, how could he possibly make a difference to a roomful of Directions: strangers? Requests from schools continued to roll in, but he turned down every one. You are going to read a text about the Yellowstone National Park in the U. S. , followed by a list of Then Blomberg got a call from a high school counselor. As he started into his standard excuse-lack of explanations. Choose the best explanation from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is time—he looked across the room at a stack of thank-you notes from students who had heard him speak. He one extra explanation which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. realized that kids needed to hear what he had to say. He agreed to visit the school and began contacting others (41) Orientation on the waiting list for his talks. Yellowstone is much more than hot ground and gushing steam. Located astride the Continental Divide, Blomberg leaves the school hoping he has changed someone's behavior. He recalls a letter he received most of the park occupies a high plateau surrounded by mountains and drained by several rivers. Park from a student who heard him speak and got into a crash later that same day but was unharmed. " She told me boundaries enclose craggy peaks, alpine lakes, deep canyons, and vast forests. In 1872, Yellowstone became she was wearing her seat belt because of me." the world's first national park, the result of great foresight on the part of many people about our eventual need Letters like this reinforce his belief that he survived the accident for a reason. "There are a lot of for the solace and beauty of wild places. physicians in the world, and we all save lives," he says. "I have a special opportunity to save lives not just as a (42) When to Go doctor but also as a human being." More than half of the 3 million annum visitors come in July and August. In September and early October, 36. The word "invincible" most probably means the weather is good, the visitors few, and the wildlife abundant. In May and June, you can see newborn [A] capable of doing everything [B] incapable of being destroyed animals, but the weather may be cold, wet, and even snowy. Between about No-vember 1 and May 1 most [C] totally unlikely to happen [D] beyond belief or understanding park roads are closed to vehicles. 37. Which one of the following is NOT a part of the author's presentation? (43) Getting There [A] Photos. [B] Statistics. (44) How to Visit [C] Videos. [D] His own experience. The 142-mile (228.5-kilometer) Grand Loop Road forms a figure eight, with connecting spurs to the five 38. Why did the author stop giving speeches for a while? entrances. On any visit, start with the geyser basins and Mammoth Hot Springs to see wildlife and thermal [A] The death of his stepbrother makes him feel guilty. features (caution: both can be hazardous if approached too closely). On the second day, travel to the Grand [B] The development of seat belt avoided most accidents. Canyon of the Yellowstone, Hayden Valley, and Yellowstone Lake. [C] There are no more requests from schools inviting him. (45) Park Information [D] He did not have enough time to give lectures at that time. Park opens year-round. 39. What makes him regain his belief in the value of his speeches? [A] Road from North Entrance to Northeast Entrance open all year; most other park roads closed to cars [A] Constant invitation calls from schools. November through April. Call headquarters for latest weather and road conditions. [B] The death of his stepbrother Blomberg. [B] Facilities for Disabled Visitor centers, Madison and Fishing Bridge Campgrounds, most rest rooms, [C] The thank-you letters confirming his speeches' values. amphitheaters, numerous ranger-led activities, walks, and exhibits are wheelchair accessible. Free brochure provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, available. new technologies. [C] On a longer stay, visit the Northern Range, or consider a boating or fishing trip on Yellowstone Lake; As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.(49) If American workers, for a backcountry excursion on foot or horse; or any of the numerous easy nature trails throughout the park. example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those is lower in Germany than it is the United States. (50) More [D] In early years, what made Yellowstone stand out was the extravaganza of geysers and hot springs. The wild landscape and the bison, elk, and bears were nice but, after all, America was still a pioneer country time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates filled with scenic beauty and animals. costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is [E] By Plane slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the West Yellowstone Airport (WYS) at the West Entrance of Yellowstone. (This airport is open June through wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. September.) Section ? Writing Cody Airport (COD) about 50 miles (81 kilometers) from the park. [F] During the winter season, mid-December to mid-March, Yellowstone becomes a fantasy of steam and Part A ice; facilities are limited but sufficient. Only the road between the North and Northeast Entrances stays open to 51. Directions: cars, but snowmobiling is permitted on unplowed roads. Heated snow coaches offer tours and give In almost every vocation, college students are supposed to undertake such activities as offering their cross-country skiers access to the 50 miles (80.5 kilometers ) of groomed trails. knowledge to those who need most, performing some social investigations, taking part time jobs, or Part C volunteering to do whatever that the society needs. Directions: Write something you did that was worth mentioning in previous summer vocation as a letter to one of the Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your editors of a newspaper. translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm the Part B United States. (46) Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another 52. Directions: factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or Study the following charts carefully and write an article. In your article, you should cover the following equipment. points: The lack of importance attached to human-resource management call be seen in the corporation hierarchy. 1) describe the phenomenon; In an American firm the chief officer is almost always second in command. (47) The post of head of 2) analyze the phenomenon and give your comment on it. human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy. (48) While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, [解析] 考查语法现象。所填的词要引导一个从句，同时在从句中充当宾语，故只有what正确。 9([答案] A。 [解析] 考查词语的固定搭配。与connect搭配使用的介词是with。 10([答案] C。 [解析] 考查词义辨析与搭配。所填词的宾语是“the point of view of the non-smokers”，可以与之搭配的只有consider， 示“考虑”。regard通常和as连用，构成regard„as„的句型。 11([答案] B。 [解析] 考查词义辨析。damage意为“损坏”，宾语通常为有形物;spoil意为“损害”，宾语通常是无形物;decay意为 “腐败，衰败”;destroy意为“摧毁，彻底毁灭”。所填词的宾语是“the air'’，故选项B正确。 ([答案] D。 12 全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语冲刺试卷? [解析] 考查词义辨析。所填的词与“having to smell cigarettes smoke”搭配修饰“restaurant”，故选项A、C均不正确; 答案与解析 如果用rather than，则前面应该提到一种做法，故只有选项D正确。 Section ?Use of English 13([答案] B。 1([答案] D。 [解析] 考查词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。后面的句子讲，在一个许多人吸烟的屋子里，一个不吸烟的人一晚上所吸入 [解析] 考查连词用法和上下文逻辑关系。破折号前面的句子说，许多国家不允许报纸和电视上出现烟草的广告;本句的烟雾相当于两到三根烟散发的烟雾。很明显，这是一个计算结果，故选项B正确。 话说，这些广告通常给年轻人留下印象，可见，后面的句子是在解释原因，因此应该选择一个表示原因的连词，故选项D 14([答案] D。 ] 考查词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。equivalent意为“对等物”，表示与其他的东西等量或者等价等，由后面的“two 正确。 [解析 2([答案] B。 or three cigarettes"可知，此词符合此处的语境。 [解析] 考查词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。前面的句子说，许多国家不允许报纸和电视上出现烟草的广告;本句话说， 15([答案] B。 为了______广告，烟草公司开始赞助体育赛事，说明所填词应该表示“代替”之意，只有选项B是这个意思。 [解析] 考查逻辑推理和上下文逻辑关系。上一句话提到要考虑不吸烟的人的感受，本句话说，______，不吸烟的人在 3([答案] C。 西方国家现在占到了大多数，这表明本句话所讲的是一个事实，故选项B正确。 [解析] 考查词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。根据下面一句话里提到的They give money to football，motor racing，tennis可 16([答案] C。 知，这是一种赞助行为，同时所填词的宾语是“sports events”，填sponsor正好可以搭配。 [解析] 考查词义辨析与搭配。此题很容易错选成non-smoking，因为这个词在全文中出现了多次，但是所填的词后面跟 4([答案] A。 的是advertising一词，与之搭配的话要用anti-advertising，前缀anti-表示“反对”的意思。 [解析] 考查词义辨析。此题可以用排除法，所填的词修饰sports，故选项B、C不正确;所填的词与a number of搭配， 17([答案] C。 故选项D也不正确。 [解析] 考查词义辨析。表示广告等政治或商业活动时，用campaign一词，故只能选择C。 ([答案] A。 ([答案] A。 5 18 [解析] 考查固定搭配。on condition that是一个固定的短语，意思是“条件是”。 [解析] 考查词义辨析和上下文逻辑关系。the little意为“仅有的一点儿”;a little意为“少许”;little具有否定含义，表 6([答案] C。 示“很少”;some和little是不放在一起搭配出现的。本句话讲，越来越多的年轻人开始花费他们______的钱去购买西方人 [解析] 考查词义辨析。suggest意为“建议”;claim意为“声称，主张”;mention意为“提及”;declare意为“宣布”。认为不健康且不再需要的产品，故选项A正确。 所填的词的宾语是“the name of the cigarette”，故选项C正确。 19([答案] C。 7([答案] A。 [解析] 考查词语的搭配。recognize常与as搭配使用，构成recognize„as„的固定句型。 [解析] 考查词义辨析与搭配。所填词的宾语是concern，可以与之搭配的只有cause一词。 20([答案] C。 8([答案] D。 [解析] 考查词义辨析。problem表示“问题，难题，麻烦”，指难以处理或应对的棘手的社会问题，符合这里的语境。 provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, Section?Reading Comprehension [解析] 细节题;题目中的定位词history告诉我们解答这个题目需要的信息出现在原文的第二段。A选项和原文的 Part A “Massage therapy dates back thousands of years”有冲突。B选项和原文的“including those of Ancient Greece，Ancient Rome” Text 1 表达的意思不一致。C选项的“lost its popularity”和原文的“fell out of favor”为同义表达，而其中的“1970s”却和原文的 21([答案] A “In the 1930s and 1940s”不一致。D选项对于按摩疗法在美国发展给出的总结是正确的，为正确答案。 [解析] 词义题;我们首先查看目标词汇在原文出现的语言环境，原文中“the website's ranking among all websites increased 28([答案] C from 60th to 7th in terms of worldwide traffic”这样的表达以及整个段落所讨论的facebook这个网站越来越流行的种种迹象， [解析] 细节题;定位词为“9.3 percent”，而题目也直接指向了原文的第三段。这里的“9.3 percent had ever used it”正我们知道这里的traffic是在讨论和网络有关的问题，结合上下文，这里的traffic作为访问量来解释是最符合要求的，而比是我们需要的答案，所以C选项是正确选项。其他几个选项均出自这个段落，所以对信息的准确定位对于我们辨别干扰选较4个选项，A选项表达了这样的意思，是正确答案。 项会起到很好的铺垫作用。 22([答案] C 29([答案] A [解析] 细节题;比较4个选项我们看到4个选项分别在论述这个网站的不同方面，所以我们需要结合每个选项，和原 [解析] 段落主旨题;第四段主要围绕的问题是在进行按摩疗法的时候可能会遇到的一些问题，比如“serous injuries have 文的相关信息进行比对，来寻找正确答案。A选项的说法和原文的“exploded in popularity”冲突，需要排除。B选项和原been reported”、“Health care providers recommend that patients not have massage therapy before they consult their doctors”，结合文的“share personal details with selected groups of friends or acquaintances”相矛盾，也需要排除。而C选项则是对这一点的4个选项，A选项所说的“按摩疗法的副作用和风险”是对这一段落最好的概括，是我们需要的正确答案。 正确表述，是正确答案。D选项则和原文中“the site expanded from English-only into 15 new languages in recent months”的表 30([答案] B 述不一致，也需要排除。 [解析] 细节题;结合前面4个题目对原文的，我们可以看到，这个题目很有可能对应着原文的最后一段，我们在 23([答案] C 最后一段中寻找关于对按摩疗法进行研究的相关信息。我们可以找到“There are many more aspects that are not yet known or [解析] 归纳总结题;在原文的第二段，我们看到Facebook准备强制性地要求用户明确自己的性别，而作者更是通过引well understood scientifically”这样的表达，也就是说尽管按摩疗法本身是很古老的，但是对它所进行的研究却是刚开始，用语的方式“when people have not specified a sex on their profiles”来直接点明了网站面对的问题，也就是用户不明确自己的还有很多不能解释的地方。所以比较4个选项，A、C和D选项的表述都过于绝对，不符合原文所表达的意思。B选项则符性别这样一个问题，在4个选项中，C选项的表述是正确的。 合原文的说法，是正确选项。 24([答案] C Text3 [解析] 细节题;要求我们选择的是在其他语言中存在的一个具体的情况，根据题目的要求我们确定原文中的“in other 31([答案] B languages”这一点，而我们需要的答案就是对于“when the plural is always masculine or feminine”的正确解读。在4个选项 [解析] 词义题;由于涉及全文的关键词，需要我们对文章的内容有一个全局的观点。对于这种类型的题目，如果在解中，C选项是这一表述的同义转述，是正确答案。 答的过程中遇到困难，可以稍微放一放。具体到这个题目，误选C的考生可能对文章一开头“School shootings across the 25([答案] C country”产生了误解，其实仔细阅读和分析之后，我们可以看到，“the story of the student who is outcast by fellow peers and [解析] 细节题;我们把4个选项和原文最后一段的相关信息进行比较阅读发现，A选项 decides to lash out”才是这篇文章真正关注的话题，后面的一些细节信息诸如“Even two minutes of invisibility is painful”更 和原文的“on their basic membership profile”这样的表述不符合。B选项和原文的“It will prompt existing users to define 加明确了文章在探讨的是校园里被人排斥这样一种现象，所以B选项是正确答案。 themselves”相互冲突。而C选项可以在原文中找到“Facebook has an opt-out option for members who choose not to specify their 32([答案] D gender”这样的信息来支持。而D选项则被原文中“We've received pushback in the past”这样的信息否定。 ] 细节题;我们并不能从题目本身看到原文的定位信息，在这种情况下，我们可以从选项中获得线索，观察4个 [解析 Text2 选项，我们可以看到，其中的一些关键词，比如“children”，“humans”和“parents”这些信息点都是在讨论进行ostracism 26([答案] C 的主体。在原文中，我们在第二段总可以找到相关的信息，分析第二段，我们知道，ostracism是成人和儿童都存在的，而 [解析] 细节题;需要我们进行反向选择，A选项的意思在原文中有“„covers a group of practices and techniques”作为且儿童的行为可能是自发的，并且ostracism在动物中也存在。结合这样的信息，比较阅读 4个选项，A、B和C选项的说支持。B选项和原文的“„manipulate the muscles and other soft tissues of the body”所表达的意思一致。C选项和原文中“„法都是和原文不符合的，只有D选项的表述得到了原文的支持，是正确答案。 but may use their forearms， elbows，or feet”有冲突，所以C选项是我们需要选择的。D选项中的“much more”有原文的 33([答案] C “„increase delively of blood and oxygen to the massaged areas，warm them，and decrease pain”作为佐证。 [解析] 细节题;本题提问方式很直接，我们可以直接从原文的第三段寻找相关信息。这里要求我们选择Williams的研 27([答案] D 究成果获得途径，从原文中我们可以看到“Williams conducted a computer game of toss”这样的信息，并且整个段落其实都provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, 是在讲述这样的computer game是如何实施的，所以C选项是正确答案。 这个核心问题，但是文章并没有对不同人群的驾驶风险进行比较，A选项需要排除。B选项和C选项与原文的关系比较远， 34比较容易排除。 ([答案] D [解析] 细节题;从第三题的答案之后，我们继续在第三段的后半部分寻找问题的答案。在其中我们看到“People are more Part B [答案likely to be violent„”这样的信息，所以我们应该选择的是D选项。其他选项则来自原文的“„don't care about„”和“„] 41(D;42(F;43(E;44(C;45(A want to establish control„”这样的表达，但是原文的意思是当人失去控制力的时候，就不再关心别人的看法，而想要建立控 [解说] 本篇是对黄石公园的介绍，从5个方面告诉读者怎么到黄石公园游玩，每个选项中都有明确与标题相对应的内制力，可能会诉诸暴力，最终的落脚点仍然是我们的正确答案所论述的violent的问题。 容。 ([答案] A (选D。因为“Orientation”即“简介”部分讲述了黄石公园的地理环境和历史演变，D选项首句的“In early years” 35 41 [解析] 细节题;前面4个题目帮助我们把这个问题定位在最后一个段落，从这里我们可以知道，ostracism的行为是人就是一个信号，与“Orientation”部分的“In 1872”是前后衔接的，讲的是黄石公园早期的情况。 经常会遇到的(people are generally ostracized at least once a day)，并且无论多么轻微程度的ostracism，都会对人造成伤害(the 42(选F。这一题比较容易，因为F项首句的“During the winter season”与“When to go”部分中出现的“In July and August”，slightest situations in which people feel invisible can have a negative impact on them)。比较阅读4个选项，A选项的说法是正确“In September and early October”，“In May and June”等季节词互相照应，一目了然。 的。 43(选E。“Cetting there”显然是指如何到达黄石公园，也就是所要乘坐的交通工具，E选项应该是不二选择。 Text4 44(选C。这一题较难，如果不认真看题，很可能会选择干扰选项A或F。那么，正确选择的关键到底是什么呢?我们 36([答案] B 注意到，“How to visit”部分里有几处承上启下的过渡词，即“start with”和“on the second day”，意在向游人推荐游玩的 [解析] 词义题;结合上下文我们可以知道，我们这里需要选择的是文章中Adam自己以前对自己的认识。根据Adam日程安排，而C选项首句的“On a longer stay”正是对上述两个过渡词组的回应，在文体上形成衔接。 的说法，他自己出了车祸，通过对自己在车祸之后的惨状的描述来引起人们对驾驶安全的重视。据此我们来推测，Adam曾 45(选A。“Park information”部分的第一句就说“公园全年开放”，是总说;而A项则是具体说明开放的道路和时间，经认为自己是怎样的呢?比较4个选项，B选项不会被摧毁的，是我们需要的正确答案。 是分说。其中关键词“open all year”一再出现，也是一个明确的提示。选项B涉及公园的服务和设施，虽然大的方面也属 ([答案] C 37于公园信息，但从文章上下文来看，内容相差较大，应排除。 [解析] 细节题;原文中Adam使用了各种手段来使自己的演讲更加打动听众，这个题目我们选择的是Adam在演讲过 Part C 程中没有使用的手段。尽管在考试的过程中，这类排除性的选择题都会大写NOT，但是仍然会有一些考生因为大意而出现 如果持续竞争优势依靠劳动力的技能，那么美国的公司就有问题了。在美国，人力资源管理在传统上没有被认为是在误选，需要提醒考生注意。结合原文，我们可以看到，A、B和D都可以直接从原文中找到，所以C选项就是我们需要的竞争中生存的核心。(46)技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。劳动力不过是为了牛产而雇来的另一个因素—以尽可能低的成本正确答案。 租用—就像购买原或者设备? 38([答案] A 这种对人力资源管理重视的缺乏可以在公司等级中看到。在一家美国的公司里，其主要经理总是处于第二位。(47) [解析] 细节题;在原文的第四段中，对于Adam为什么中止了演讲，作者进行了详细的说明，原因是他自己的家人在人力资源管理经理的职位诵常是一项专门的工作，被划在公司等级边缘之外。坐在这个位子上的经理主管人员从来不会在车祸中丧生，让他感觉连自己的亲人都没能挽救，对于其他人来说演讲又能起到多大的作用呢? 所以A选项是正确答案。主要战略性决策卜受到咨询(并且没有机会上升到执行总裁的位子上，通过比较，在日本公司的等级制度里，人力资源管C选项和原文中“Requests from schools continued to roll in”的说法矛盾，需要排除。B和D选项在原文中没有相关信息，理经理处在核心地位—往往是次重要的经理主管人员，位于执行总裁之后。 比较容易排除。 (48)美国公司经常谈到他们在培训他们的工作队伍上所花费的大笔的钱.然而，事实上他们比日本或德国公司在公司员 ([答案] C 39工的培训上投资要少。他们确实投资的钱也更加集中在专业人员以及管理人员上。而且投资在培训工人上的有限的钱也更 [解析] 细节题;题目中的关键定位词是regain his belief，在原文的最后一段我们找到了 reinforce his belief 这样的表达，加局限于进行下一项工作必须的专门技能上，而非在那些使对新技术的吸收变得可能的基本背景技能上。 所以这里的Letters like this就是我们需要的线索了。那么这些信件的内容是什么呢?向上去寻找，我们知道信件来自一个听 结果，当科技上新的突破到来的时候，问题就出现了。(49)举例说(如果美国的工人比德国工人(他们正是这样做的)花过Adam演讲的学生。因为听了他的演讲，这个学生注意了安全，尽管出了车祸却没有受伤，所以在4个选项之中，C选费更多的时间学习如伺操作新型灵活的生产设备(那么那些设备能够产生效果的成本在德国就会比在美国低。(50)(在美国)项是正确的。其他选项的干扰性不是很强，比较容易排除。 设备装配完毕并以最大的生产能力运行需要更长的时间(大范围的再度培训的需要会增加成本并且形成瓶颈(这就限制了 40([答案] D 新设备可以状到的速度。结果是科技变革步伐较慢。最后，占半数的底层员工的技能影响了顶层半数员工的薪水。如果占 [解析] 标题选择题，是文章主旨题的一种变形的呈现形式;结合全文的主要内容，我们可以知道这里所讲的是安全驾半数的底层员工不能有效地跟上必需的生产进程，那么这一进程中的管理工作以及专业工作就会消失。 驶的问题，而且是针对青少年的驾驶。比较4个选项，D选项和这样的分析最为吻合。A选项触及Teen Driring RisksSection ? Writing provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology, Part A 陈孟达 2011/9/29 51. Miss Zhang Li University News Dear Editor Li, I feel much honored that I was a Rainbow volunteer in 21st meeting held in Beijing. I was very busy from early mornings to late evenings during the 11-day meeting, yet the experiences I have got are so previous that I will never forget in my life. In the 11 days I had experienced such a strong passion for our motherland. I felt what I did and how I performed in my service represented China. Being a volunteer means that one is offering assistance without expecting any economic compensation. I am sure the meeting in Beijing provided people worldwide with an opportunity to get to know China and what we did leads them to get a nice image of China and the Chinese people. In the service we had undergone various kinds of affairs that require knowledge of language, etiquette, knowledge of sports and knowledge of all sorts of other things related to the sports and the life of athletes. It is quiet a different experience from learning at school. It is so impressive when we meet a person from different culture, when we hear praise, frequently used in the classroom, from a native speaker and when we face something challenging us to find the solutions. I am sure all the university volunteers share a common feeling of being useful and being pound of our contribution to the Success of the 21 st meeting. Yours sincerely, Li Ming Part B 52. As can be seen from the picture, with the" advance" of houses, the trees"retreat". Obviously, the drawer is trying to focus our attention on a very serious problem: the explosion of housing endangers the existence of trees. With the rapid increase of population, we have to build more and more houses to meet people's need. As a result, more trees will have to be cut down to make room for more buildings. It is known to all that trees are essential for human living. Besides providing us with wood and food, trees can help absorb dioxide and give off oxygen. Trees can also help moderate climate and ensure us a cozy living environment. We may say that the peace and beauty of woods are indispensable to man's wellbeing. Life would be unimaginable without trees. From the condition of trees, I firmly believe that ways must be found to stop cutting trees ruthlessly. Good planning has to be worked out to avoid cutting trees. Most importantly, we should plant more trees and give them meticulous care. To ensure a better life for later generations, we should become keepers instead of destroyers. 兰州交通大学外国语学院 provided these measures 1, authentication implement the industrial science and technology policy, actively promote "four new" technology to make technological advances benefit rate is above 1.5%. Strengthen control in the construction process. Construction management and quality installation personnel, to be "four". 2, rational organization, use of labour. According to the project situation, labor management networks, rational distribution of labour trends, avoid unnecessary idling and waste and increasing productivity to make the whole project within the labor costs in the budget. 3, strengthen the whole construction process control of project quality, schedule and safety monitoring of the entire process, find problems in time, avoid rework, wasted. 4, reinforcing materials, material management. Strengthening materials management, careful inspection of materials, strict material site acceptance control to avoid substandard products to enter the construction site unnecessary ... Picking the team according to the budget limit. In order to avoid waste in construction, requires proper use of materials, recycling and re-use of materials in a timely manner. Do do much work, how much, avoid ad-neck caused material loss and waste. Stop short for long products used in construction, small pond, public and private, and make the recycling of waste materials. 6, in time to modify, change, projects approved by the increased technology,