汽车仪表错误码诊断说明及软件

Innova Electronics Corp. 17291 Mt. Herrmann Street Fountain Valley, CA 92708 Printed in Taiwan Instruction MRP #93-0058 Rev. A PRODUCT DESIGN & COPYRIGHT © 2009 ® CAR READER Copyright © 2009 IEC. All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents i OBD2 YOU CAN DO IT! .............................................................................. 1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY FIRST! ....................................................................... 2 ABOUT THE CAR READER VEHICLES COVERED ............................................................. 3 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ............................................. 4 DISPLAY FUNCTIONS ............................................................ 5 ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS ......................................... 7 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) .............................. 12 OBD2 MONITORS ................................................................... 15 PREPARATION FOR TESTING BEFORE YOU BEGIN .............................................................. 24 VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS ............................................... 24 USING THE CAR READER CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE .......................................... 25 ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) ............. 27 WARRANTY AND SERVICING LIMITED ONE YEAR WARRANTY .......................................... 29 SERVICE PROCEDURES ....................................................... 29 You Can Do It! EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW - EASY TO DEFINE OBD2 1 Easy To Use . . . . „ Connect the Car Reader to the vehicle’s test connector. „ Turn the ignition key "On.” DO NOT start the engine. „ The Car Reader will automatically link to the vehicle’s computer. Easy To View . . . . „ The Car Reader retrieves stored codes and displays I/M Readiness status. „ Codes are displayed on the Car Reader’s LCD display screen; I/M Readiness status is displayed by LED indicators. Easy To Define . . . . „ Use the included software or visit the manufacturer's website for Fault Code Definitions. Safety Precautions SAFETY FIRST 2 OBD2 SAFETY FIRST! This manual describes common test procedures used by experienced service technicians. Many test procedures require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in personal injury, and/or damage to your vehicle or test equipment. Always read your vehicle's service manual and follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure. ALWAYS observe the following general safety precautions: When an engine is running, it produces carbon monoxide, a toxic and poisonous gas. To prevent serious injury or death from carbon monoxide poisoning, operate the vehicle ONLY in a well-ventilated area. To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as hot or caustic liquids, always wear approved safety eye protection. When an engine is running, many parts (such as the coolant fan, pulleys, fan belt etc.) turn at high speed. To avoid serious injury, always be aware of moving parts. Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other potentially moving objects. Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running. To prevent severe burns, avoid contact with hot engine parts. Before starting an engine for testing or trouble-shooting, make sure the parking brake is engaged. Put the transmission in park (for automatic transmission) or neutral (for manual transmission). Block the drive wheels with suitable blocks. Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehicle's electronic com-ponents. Turn the ignition OFF before connecting the Code Reader to or disconnecting the Code Reader from the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC). To prevent damage to the on-board computer when taking vehicle electrical measurements, always use a digital multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance. The vehicle's battery produces highly flammable hydrogen gas. To prevent an explosion, keep all sparks, heated items and open flames away from the battery. Don't wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an engine. Loose clothing can become caught in the fan, pulleys, belts, etc. Jewelry is highly conductive, and can cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a power source and ground. N LDRP About the Car Reader VEHICLES COVERED OBD2 3 VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION VEHICLE MANUFACTURER OBD II CERTIFIED ENGINE FAMILY EFN2.6YBT2BA DISPLACEMENT 2.6L THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U.S. EPA AND STATE OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO 1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS. REFER TO SERVICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TUNE-UP CONDITIONS: NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE, ACCESSORIES OFF, COOLING FAN OFF, TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL SPARK PLUG TYPE NGK BPRE-11 GAP: 1.1MM CATALYST EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS STANDARD CATEGORY CERTIFICATION IN-USE TLEV TLEV INTERMEDIATE OBD II CERTIFIED VEHICLES COVERED The Car Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant. This includes all Domestic, Asian and European vehicles. Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a 1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following: 1. The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label. This label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles. If the vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, the label will state “OBD II Certified.” 2. Government Regulations require that all OBD2 compliant vehicles must have a “common” sixteen-pin Data Link Connector (DLC). Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16-pin connectors but are not OBD2 compliant. Only those vehicles with a Vehicle Emissions Control Label stating “OBD II Certified” are OBD2 compliant. Data Link Connector (DLC) Location The 16-pin DLC is usually located under the instrument panel (dash), within 12 inches (300 mm) of center of the panel, on the driver’s side of most vehicles. It should be easily accessible and visible from a kneeling position outside the vehicle with the door open. On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located behind the “ashtray” (the ashtray must be removed to access it) or on the far left corner of the dash. If the DLC cannot be located, consult the vehicle’s service manual for the location. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 NEAR CENTER OF DASH BEHIND ASHTRAY LEFT CORNER OF DASH About the Car Reader SAFETY FIRST 4 OBD2 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Figure 1. Controls and Indicators See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 9, below. 1. E ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and "Freeze Frame" data from your vehicle's computer, and resets Monitor status. 2. SCROLL button - Scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present. 3. LINK button - Links the Car Reader with the vehicle's PCM to retrieve DTCs from the computer's memory, and to view I/M Readiness Monitor status. 4. GREEN LED - Indicates that all engine systems are running normally (all Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diagnostic testing, and no DTCs are present). 7 4 1 5 2 3 6 8 About the Car Reader DISPLAY FUNCTIONS OBD2 5 5. YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A “Pending” DTC is present and/or some of the vehicle's emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing. 6. RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehicle's systems. The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present. DTCs are shown on the Car Reader’s LCD display. In this case, the Multifunction Indicator (“Check Engine”) lamp on the vehicle's instrument panel will light steady on. 7. LCD Display - Displays test results, Car Reader functions and Monitor status information. See DISPLAY FUNCTIONS, below, for details. 8. CABLE - Connects the Car Reader to the vehicle's Data Link Connector (DLC). DISPLAY FUNCTIONS Figure 2. Display Functions See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 13, below. 1. Vehicle icon - Indicates whether or not the Car Reader is being properly powered through the vehicle's Data Link Connector (DLC). A visible icon indicates that the Car Reader is being powered through the vehicle's DLC connector. 2. Link icon - Indicates whether or not the Car Reader is communicating (linked) with the vehicle's on-board computer. When visible, the Car Reader is communicating with the computer. If the Link icon is not visible, the Car Reader is not communicating with the computer. 3. Computer icon - When this icon is visible it indicates that the Car Reader is linked to a personal computer. An optional “PC Link Kit” is available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a personal computer. 4. Car Reader Internal Battery icon - When visible, indicates the Car Reader batteries are “low” and should be replaced. If the batteries are not replaced when the battery symbol is "on", all 3 2 3 4 5 9 11 10 12 6 87 1 About the Car Reader DISPLAY FUNCTIONS 6 OBD2 LEDs will light up as a last resort indicator to warn you that the batteries need replacement. No data will be displayed on screen when all 3 LEDs are lit. 5. DTC Display Area - Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) number. Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to that fault. 6. MIL icon - Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL). The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the MIL on the vehicle's dashboard to light. 7. Pending icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a "Pending" code. 8. PERMANENT icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a “Permanent” code. 9. FREEZE FRAME icon - Indicates that “Freeze Frame” data has been stored in the vehicle’s computer for the currently displayed DTC. 10. Code Number Sequence - The Car Reader assigns a sequence number to each DTC that is present in the computer's memory, starting with "01.” This helps keep track of the number of DTCs present in the computer's memory. Code number "01" is always the highest priority code, and the one for which "Freeze Frame" data has been stored. 11. Code Enumerator - Indicates the total number of codes retrieved from the vehicle’s computer. 12. Monitor icons - Indicates which Monitors are supported by the vehicle under test, and whether or not the associated Monitor has run its diagnostic testing (Monitor status). When a Monitor icon is solid, it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnostic testing. When a Monitor icon is flashing, it indicates that the vehicle supports the associated Monitor, but the Monitor has not yet run its diagnostic testing. The I/M Monitor Status icons are associated with INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE (I/M) READINESS STATUS. Some states require that all vehicle Monitors have run and completed their diagnostic testing before a vehicle can be tested for Emissions (Smog Check). A maximum of eleven Monitors are used on OBD 2 systems. Not all vehicles support all eleven Monitors. When the Car Reader is linked to a vehicle, only the icons for Monitors that are supported by the vehicle under test are visible on the display. Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS OBD2 7 COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls As a result of increased air pollution (smog) in large cities, such as Los Angeles, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set new regulations and air pollution standards to deal with the problem. To further complicate matters, the energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in fuel prices over a short period. As a result, vehicle manufacturers were not only required to comply with the new emissions standards, they also had to make their vehicles more fuel-efficient. Most vehicles were required to meet a miles-per-gallon (MPG) standard set by the U.S. Federal Government. Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle emissions. Mechanical engine controls in use at the time (such as ignition points, mechanical spark advance and the carburetor) responded too slowly to driving conditions to properly control fuel delivery and spark timing. This made it difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet the new standards. A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with the engine controls to meet the stricter standards. The new system had to: „ Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for any driving condition (idle, cruising, low-speed driving, high-speed driving, etc.). „ Calculate instantly the best time to “ignite” the air/fuel mixture for maximum engine efficiency. „ Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or fuel economy. Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calculations each second. This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower mechanical engine controls. By switching from mechanical to electronic engine controls, vehicle manufacturers are able to control fuel delivery and spark timing more precisely. Some newer Computer Control Systems also provide control over other vehicle functions, such as transmission, brakes, charging, body, and suspension systems. Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emissions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by State and Federal Governments. Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS 8 OBD2 The Basic Engine Computer Control System The on-board computer is the heart of the Computer Control System. The computer contains several programs with preset reference values for air/fuel ratio, spark or ignition timing, injector pulse width, engine speed, etc. Separate values are provided for various driving conditions, such as idle, low speed driving, high-speed driving, low load, or high load. The preset reference values represent the ideal air/fuel mixture, spark timing, transmission gear selection, etc., for any driving condition. These values are programmed by the vehicle manufacturer, and are specific to each vehicle model. Most on-board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the dashboard, under the passenger’s or driver’s seat, or behind the right kick panel. However, some manufacturers may still position it in the engine compartment. Vehicle sensors, switches, and actuators are located throughout the engine, and are connected by electrical wiring to the on-board computer. These devices include oxygen sensors, coolant temperature sensors, throttle position sensors, fuel injectors, etc. Sensors and switches are input devices. They provide signals representing current engine operating conditions to the computer. Actuators are output devices. They perform actions in response to commands received from the computer. The on-board computer receives information inputs from sensors and switches located throughout the engine. These devices monitor critical engine conditions such as coolant temperature, engine speed, engine load, throttle position, air/fuel ratio etc. The computer compares the values received from these sensors with its preset reference values, and makes corrective actions as needed so that the sensor values always match the preset reference values for the current driving condition. The computer makes adjustments by commanding other devices such as the fuel injectors, idle air control, EGR valve or Ignition Module to perform these actions. The Computer Control System consists of an on-board computer and several related control devices (sensors, switches, and actuators). OUTPUT DEVICES Fuel Injectors Idle Air Control EGR Valve Ignition Module On-Board Computer INPUT DEVICES Coolant Temperature Sensor Throttle Position Sensor Fuel Injectors INPUT DEVICES Oxygen Sensors TYPICAL COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS OBD2 9 Vehicle operating conditions are constantly changing. The computer continuously makes adjustments or corrections (especially to the air/fuel mixture and spark timing) to keep all the engine systems operating within the preset reference values. On-Board Diagnostics - First Generation (OBD1) Beginning in 1988, California’s Air Resources Board (CARB), and later the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required vehicle manufacturers to include a self-diagnostic program in their on-board computers. The program would be capable of identifying emissions-related faults in a system. The first generation of Onboard Diagnostics came to be known as OBD1. OBD1 is a set of self-testing and diagnostic instructions programmed into the vehicle’s on-board computer. The programs are specifically designed to detect failures in the sensors, actuators, switches and wiring of the various vehicle emissions-related systems. If the computer detects a failure in any of these components or systems, it lights an indicator on the dashboard to alert the driver. The indicator lights only when an emissions-related problem is detected. The computer also assigns a numeric code for each specific problem that it detects, and stores these codes in its memory for later retrieval. These codes can be retrieved from the computer’s memory with the use of a “Code Reader” or a “Scan Tool.” On-Board Diagnostics - Second Generation (OBD2) In addition to performing all the functions of the OBD1 System, the OBD2 System has been enhanced with new Diagnostic Programs. These programs closely monitor the functions of various emissions-related compo- nents and systems (as well as other systems) and make this information readily available (with the proper equipment) to the technician for evaluation. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) conducted studies on OBD1 equipped vehicles. The information that was gathered from these studies showed the following: „ A large number of vehicles had deteriorating or degraded emissions-related components. These components were causing an increase in emissions. With the exception of some 1994 and 1995 vehicles, most vehicles from 1982 to 1995 are equipped with some type of first generation On-Board Diagnostics. The OBD2 System is an enhancement of the OBD1 System. Onboard Diagnostics COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS 10 OBD2 „ Because OBD1 systems only detect failed components, the degraded components were not setting codes. „ Some emissions problems related to degraded components only occur when the vehicle is being driven under a load. The emission checks being conducted at the time were not performed under simulated driving conditions. As a result, a significant number of vehicles with degraded components were passing Emissions Tests. „ Codes, code definitions, diagnostic connectors, communication protocols and emissions terminology were different for each manufacturer. This caused confusion for the technicians working on different make and model vehicles. To address the problems made evident by this study, CARB and the EPA passed new laws and standardization requirements. These laws required that vehicle manufacturers to equip their new vehicles with devices capable of meeting all of the new emissions standards and regulations. It was also decided that an enhanced on-board diagnostic system,