Unit6 Knowledge and Wisdomppt课件

Lesson6KnowledgeandWisdomByBertrandRussell*TeachingPlanTime:10periodsArrangement:Introduction(1period)Textuallearning(6periods)Exercises&Activities(3periods)*LearningObjectivesMasterthestyleofExposition.Getfamiliarwithrhetoricdeviceslikeparallelismandidentifyvariedfunctionsofitinthesentences.Mastertheuseofkeywordsandexpressionsinthetext.*BackgroundInformationBertrandWilliamRussell,(1872-1970)Aprolificwriter,alsoapopulariserofphilosophyandacommentatoronalargevarietyoftopics,rangingfromveryseriousissuestothemundane.ABritishphilosopher,logician,andmathematicianAprominentanti-waractivistformostofhislonglife,championingfreetradebetweennationsandanti-imperialism.MillionslookeduptoRussellasaprophetofthecreativeandrationallife*MoreaboutBertrandRussell1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，以彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由”。In1950,RussellwasmadeaNobelLaureateinLiterature,"inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell*QuotationsThreepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.三种既简单但又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀－－－罗素*TheOriginalMotivationsofmostpeopleisacquisitiveness获取,rivalry竞争vanity虚荣,andloveofpower权欲.*生活对于每一个人，几乎都是一场长期的、充满竞争的较量。其幸福在于你能超越邻里。不含竞争的快乐早已被人遗忘掉了。这个普遍持有的幸福观其实是一个完全错误的理论。人的行动该不该受道德原则制约，人应该放纵每一次冲动吗？这一个度的问题。过分依据原则的生活将失去很多漫游的快乐。*Pre-readingQuestionsHowdoyoudefinewisdominyourlife?Isitnecessarilytruethataknowledgeablemaniswise?*KnowledgeandWisdomAccordingtoRussell,whatiswisdomandhowdoesitrelatetoknowledge?Whatisthestyleofthetext?expositionclarityillustrationparallelism*TextualOrganizationPart1(Para.1):IntroducethetopicPart2(Paras.2-5):Themainbody-fourfactorsthatconstitutewisdomSenseofproportionTheendsofhumanlifeOpen-mindednessimpartiality*TextualAnalysisPartOneQ1:Whatisthecommonviewofknowledgeandwisdom?Q2:Whatisthetopicsentenceofthefirstparagraph?*LanguagepointsSurpassvt.beevenbetterorgreaterthansomeoneorsomethingelsee.g.Asthesayinggoes,thelatecomerssurpasstheearlystarter后来者居上Surpassexpectations/hopes/dreamsSurpassV.S.Overtake*WhereisSURPASS?你今天特别行！她今天出众的表演让大家对她刮目相看！SurpassyourselfSurpassingperformance*2.Ceasev.Stopdoingsomethingorstophappeninge.g.Thetowndescribedinmanynovelshaslongsinceceasedtoexist.停火！CeaseFire!n.Withoutcease*Chineseversion:怪事何其多呀！真是惊喜不断哦！Wonderswillnevercease!*3.Howtousemeans?ByfairmeansorfoulAmeanstoanendByallmeansBynomeansManofmeansWithin/beyondone’smeansExerciseⅢ,P76*PartTwo(paras2-5)SenseofproportionTheendsofhumanlifeOpen-mindednessImpartiality*Paragraph2Q1:whatdoesasenseofproportionmeanandwhyisitanimportantfactor?Q2:Howdoesthewriterexplainhispoint?*LanguagepointsContributeSomepeopleliketocontributemoneytothecharityeverypayday.TheSongdynastycontributedthreeinventionstoworldcivilization.Moneymattersmostlycontributetotheincreaseofdivorcerate.*ContributeV.S.Attribute由于饮食的改善，心脏病死亡人数有所下降。Improvementsindietcontributetothefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdisease.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisattributedtoimprovementsindiet.*TakeaccountofMore?Take…intoaccountTake…intoconsideratione.g.这次改卷子的时候，老师会考虑到你最近生病了。Theteacherwilltakeyourrecentillnessintoaccount/considerationwhenmarkingyourexam.*Aretheyinterchangeable?Itishardtosaythatweearnmorethanbefore,forthesefiguresdonottakeaccountofchangesintherateofinflation.NO!Here:itmeans“includeparticularfactsordetails”whiletheotherphrasedoesnot*Paraphrase“…thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight”.*Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedabove?Parallelism---tobalancethestructuralelementsofasentence,e.g.wordforword,phrasewithphrase,clausewithclause.---oftenintroducedbyCorrelativeConjunctions---aninvaluableaidinclarityofideas*Detectmore!Yousucceed…notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmaking…andlowering…oftheworld.*IntellectualV.S.IntelligentSeeexerciseⅢ,P76Intelligent,adj.usedtodescribeapersonwithaquickandclevermind.Intellectual,adj.usedtodescirbeapersonwhoiswell-educatedandinterestedinseriousideasandsubjectslikescience,literature,etc.Itcanalsobeanoun.*DisinterestedandUninterestedSeeexerciseⅢ,P76Disinterested:objective,abletobefairbecauseoneisnotinvolvedingaininganypersonaladvantage.e.g.weneedtheadviceofadisinterestedparty.(=someonewhoisnotdirectlyinvolved)*Pursue/pursuitThepolicemanpursuedtherobberacrosstheborder.Thedevelopmentofindustrycannotbepursuedattheexpenseofenvironmentaldevelopment.Chinahaspursuedapolicyofpeaceininternationalaffairs.*Paragraph3Howdoyouinterpret“acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife”?*Hegel(1770-1831)Hegel's dense and demandingwriting style can be difficult to read;he is the single most difficult philosopher to understand.--- Bertrand Russell in the History of Western Philosophy     *MoreaboutHegelDevelopanewformofthinkingcalled“speculativereason”andnowpopularlycalled“dialectics”Introduceasystemforunderstandthehistoryandtheworlditself,describedasaprogressioninwhicheachsuccessivemovementemergesasasolutiontothecontradictionsinherentintheprecedingmovementandtherelationbetweenthoughtandreality."the absolute idea" or "absolute knowledge".--- it evolvedthroughandmanifesteditselfincontradictionandnegation.*Languagepoints:DistortThenewspaperisaccusedofdistortingthetruth.Ittakesmegreatcouragetolookmyselfinthedistortingmirror.adj.distortede.g.adistortedfaceofapersoninpainadistortedview*Inculcatevt,formal,fixideas,principlesetc,insomeone’smind.e.g.Parentstryhardtoinculcatetraditionalvaluesinto/intheirchildren.Schoolsinculcatechildrenwithpatrioticideasfromanearlyage.Instill?*stretchYawnandstretchoneself*坐了这么久好累呀！出去溜达一会吧！Stretchyourlegs!*Moreabout‘stretch’StretchtheruleStretchone’spatience/credulitytothelimitStretchthetruth*Howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom?*Knowaboutit?*Paragraph4Howdoes‘emancipationfrompersonalprejudice’contributetowisdom?*ParaphraseEvenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.*Identifythefunctionof‘it’GrammarExerciseI,p77PronounEmphaticAnticipatory*conferThepresidentneedstoconferwithhisbrainstruston/overthattrickymatter.Tooursurprise,someuniversityconferredanhonorarytitleon/uponZhouXingchi.Theincreasingattentiontothebetterenvironmenthasconferredmoresocialprestigeon/uponthejobholders.*Asitis/AsitwereIthoughtthingswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.Hebecame,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.---‘Asitis’referstoanactualsituation;‘asitwere’isusedwhenwedescribesomeoneorsomethinginawaythatisnotquiteexact*ParaphraseandTranslateit!Todescendtolessheroicmatters*Descendto她穷得只好乞求度日了。让我们转入细节讨论！Shewassopoorastodescendtobeggingforherliving.Let’sdescendtoparticulars!*Paragraph5Isittruethattobewisemeanstofreeoneselfentirelyfromthephysicalandemotionalworld?MISSIONIMPOSSIBLE*Whatistheessenceofwisdom?Andhowcanoneacquiretheveryessence?*GoBackto…Iwanttoaskfirstwhatwisdomis,andthenwhatcanbedonetoteachit.*WhatcanbedonetoteachWISDOM?*AssignmentsFinishexercisesinthetextbook.2.Discusswithyourgroupmembersaboutwisdomandmakeadialogueorrole-play*ExploreMore!*Witheveryincreaseofknowledgeandskill,wisdombecomesmorenecessary,foreverysuchincreaseaugmentsourcapacityofrealizingourpurposes,andthereforeaugmentsourcapacityforevil,ifourpurposesareunwise.Theworldneedswisdomasithasneverneededitbefore;andifknowledgecontinuestoincrease,theworldwillneedwisdominthefutureevenmorethanitdoesnow.*Weshallmakeit!*