【备考2019】中考英语名词、冠词考点梳理()

中考名词考点梳理考查点一：名词的数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：可数名词有复数形式，其前面可以用不定冠词、基数词、many、some等直接修饰；不可数名词没有复数形式，不可以用基数词及不定冠词修饰，但可用much、some等词修饰。【中考例题】1.(广安)—Howmany______canyouseeinthepicture?—Two.A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep2.(遵义)Mr.Liisalwayspatienttogiveme______onhowtoworkouttheproblems.A.anadviceB.manyadviceC.someadviceD.anyadvice3.(巴中)—Let’smakeabananamilkshake.Whatdoweneed?—Weneedsome______andtwo______.A.bananas;cupofmilkB.bananas;cupsofmilkC.banana;milksD.banana;milk4.(安顺)Therearefifty______inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.A.womanteachersB.womenteacherC.womanteacherD.womenteachers5.(安徽)Pleaseacceptourbestw__________(祝愿)forourexams.6.(武威)The__________(monkey)aretrainedtodoalotofthingslikehumans.考查点二：名词所有格名词所有格分为三种：’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。①’s形式所有格：此类所有格一般用于有生命的但单数名词(以-s结尾的复数名词用’)，以及示时间和距离的名词。②of所有格：没有生命的名词表示所属关系时，一般用of短语来表示所有格。③双重所有格：表示所属物的名词前有不定冠词、数词、非确定特指的限定词(some、any、afew等)、物主代词(my、your等)或指示限定词(this、that、these、those)时，常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式，即双重所有格来表示关系。【中考例题】7.(长沙)—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No,it’smy______.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother’sC.brothers’D.brothers’s8.(曲靖)Knowledgecanhelpopenupthe______eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.A.students’B.student’sC.studentsD.student’9.(鄂州)—It’sconvenienttotravelfromEzhoutoWuhanbytakingthenewly-builtgreenrailway.—Yes.It’ssaidthat______isenough.A.fifteenminutesdriveB.fifteen-minutesdriveC.fifteenminute’sdriveD.fifteenminutes’drive10.(凉山)—______fathersdidn’tcometothemeeting.Why?—BecausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.A.Jeff’sandAmy’sB.JeffandAmyC.Jeff’sandAmyD.JeffandAmy’s11.(新疆)—Lookatthatphoto,whatahappylife!—Yes,it’saphoto______myfamily.A.atB.forC.ofD.in12.(贺州)—Who’sthatgirloverthere?—Julia,sheisastudentof______.A.myfathers’B.myfatherC.myfathersD.myfather’s考查点三：名词词义辨析名词词义辨析主要考查学生在不同的语言环境中，通过理解上下文来准确掌握一些近义词的意义，然后做出正确的选择的能力。近年来，这一考点成为考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地命题人的青睐。【中考例题】13.(滨州)—Ithinkdragonsarethe______ofChina.Doyouthinkso?—Iagreewithyou.A.symbolB.situationC.promiseD.shape14.(山西)EverytimeIseethestrawberries,thesweet______andbeautifulcoloralwaysmakemymouthwater.A.voiceB.tasteC.shapeD.sound15.(安徽)—HowcanIgetsome______aboutthe2016OlympicGames?—WhynotsearchtheInternet?A.informationB.experienceC.practiceD.success中考冠词考点梳理冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有a、an、the。a和an是不定冠词；the是定冠词；名词前不用冠词的情况被称为零冠词。纵观历年中考英语试题，对冠词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：考查点一：不定冠词1.不定冠词a和an用于单数可数名词前，表示首次提及或泛指。2.不定冠词表示数量“1”，但数的概念不如one强烈。3.不定冠词可置于序数词前，表示数量或序数的增加，意为“又一；再一”。【中考例题】1.(重庆A)Hisunclewillgivehim______birthdaypresent.It’llbewonderful.A.aB.anC.theD./2.(邵阳)Jackis______8-year-oldboywholikesplayingtheguitar.A.aB.anC.theD./3.(阜康)Westudyfivedays____weekandonSundaysweoftenplay____football.A.a;theB.不填;aC.an;aD.a;不填4.(齐齐哈尔)Inordertofind______betterjobinthefuture,heplannedtolearn______secondforeignlanguage.A.the;aB.the;theC.a;aD.a;the考查点二：定冠词1.用于表示第二次提到或谈话双方都知道的人或物。2.用于有定语从句或of短语结构修饰的名词前。3.用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前。4.和某些形容词连用表示一类人。5.用于序数词、形容词最高级前。6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示“某一家人或某对夫妇”。7.表示演奏乐器时，表示乐器的名词前要加the。8.用于某些固定词组。【中考例题】5.(潍坊)—Whois______girlinfrontofthelibrary?—Theonewith______umbrella?Sheisourmonitor.A.the;aB.the;anC.a;anD.a;the6.(益阳)—Haveyouseen______filmWhereAreWeGoing,Dad?—Yes.It’s______interestingfilm.A.a;theB.the;anC.a;anD.the;the7.(锦州)Canyousee______sunatnight?A.aB.theC.anD./8.(自贡)Manypeoplegaveawaymuchmoneyto______pooraftertheearthquakeinNepal.A.theB.aC.anD./9.(泰州)RunningManis______verypopularTVprograminChina.Oneof______mostfamousactresses,Angelababy,alwaysappearsinit.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;theD.the;/10.(广东)______GreensarepreparingforthecomingThanksgivingDay.A./B.AC.AnD.The11.(成都)Canyouplay______guitar,Tom?A.aB.anC.theD./12.(宜宾)TheWhiteshaveplannedtovisit______GreatWallinChina.A.theB.anC.aD./13.(菏泽)Janeis______16-year-oldhighschoolstudentin______UnitedStates.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;/D./;/14.(连云港)TongLiyais______famousactresswhoactedasacountrywomanin______1970sintheTVshowOrdinaryWorld.A.a;/B.a;theC.the;theD.the;/考查点三：零冠词1.球类运动或棋类游戏的名词前用零冠词。2.一日三餐、学科、语言、称呼语的名词前用零冠词。3.星期、月份、季节、节日等名词前用零冠词。4.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等前使用零冠词。5.某些固定词组中要用零冠词。【中考例题】15.(青岛)Jack’shobbyistoplay______chess.A.aB.anC.theD./16.(黔西南)Wehave______breakfastathomeeveryday.A./B.aC.theD.an17.(青岛)______father’sDayiscoming.Jerrywillbuyanewawlletforhisfather.A.AB.AnC.TheD./18.(梅州)MissZhangwillgoto___Americafor___importantmeetingnextmonth.A.an;anB./;anC./;aD.an;the19.(苏州)SomesmallshopsinBritainusuallyclosefor____hourat____lunchtime.A.an;theB.a;不填C.a;theD.an;不填20.(天津)—Doesyourfathergotoworkby______careveryday?—No,hesometimestakes______bus.A.a;theB.the;aC.不填;aD.a;不填21.(酒泉)Danny’sgrandmotherisillin______hospital.He’llgotheretoseeherafterschool.A.anB.theC.aD.不填近年河北省中考冠词、名词真题1.()Lookat______calendar.It’sJune22.A.aB.anC.theD./2.()Couldyoupleasetakemypicture?Hereismy______.A.printerB.radioC.playerD.camera3.()Let’stake______photo!Everyone,cheese!A.aB.anC.theD.不填4.()Iwantasweetmilk.Putsome______inmycup,please.A.iceB.soupC.saltD.sugar5.()Doyouknow______girlingreen?Sheisourmonitor.A.aB.anC.theD.不填6.()Jasonlikesthe______ofthecake.Itisaheart.A.colorB.sizeC.smellD.shape7.()Thechildrenstandin______circleanddancedtomusic.A.aB.anC.theD.不填8.()I’dlikea______fordessert.Fruit,youknow,isgoodforhealth.A.potatoB.bananaC.candyD.pie9.(2011)Shelearnedtoplay______pianobyherself.A.aB.anC.theD.不填10.(2011)Cicienjoysdancing.It’soneofher______.A.prizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies11.(邯郸一模)Comeon!Youcanmakeitifyouhave______try.A.aB.anC.theD.不填12.(邯郸一模)Couldyoupleasebringmesome______?I’mthirsty.A.chickenB.beefC.breadD.orange13.(邯郸二模)Eachofusplays______importantroleinoursociety.A.aB.anC.theD./14.(邯郸二模)Sorry,Mr.Leeisn’tin.Youcanleavea______tohim.A.letterB.messageC.diaryD.notice15.(保定二模)Thegirlhas______highfever.Sheneedstostayinbed.A.anB.theC.aD./16.(保定二模)Iwantcoldporridge.Don’tforgettoputsome______forme.A.iceB.soupC.saltD.sugar参考答案中考名词考点梳理1-4.DCBD5.wishes6.monkeys7-10.BADA11-12.CD13-15.ABA中考冠词考点梳理1-4.ABDC5-10.BBBACD11-14.CAAB15-20.DADBDC21.D近年河北省中考冠词、名词真题1-5.CDADC6-10.DABCD11-15.ADBBC16.A中考二轮复习——完形填空专题（讲义）【知识点睛】一、命题特点题型上来看：越来越降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，而注重上下文联系，主要考查学生运用英语基础知识的能力、上下文对照并捕捉关键词的能力、分析行文逻辑及文章的整体理解能力、结合语境分析推理的能力等。体裁上来看：中考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，以叙为主，叙议结合，题材新颖。二、做题步骤第一步：___________，___________。完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文，准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。在做此题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，特别要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。（对文章有一个大概的了解，在阅读时，不需要看到全部的信息，根据部分信息就可以了解大意。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都成立，但从全文看却并非正确答案。）第二步：___________，___________。了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文中找出关键性启示。同时兼顾句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，先选出比较容易的答案，遇到较难的题，可以跳过本题，继续做后面的题，完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示（文章为了使语篇相互衔接及文章的连贯，有些词会以原词或同义、近义词等形式重复出现在文章中）。第三步：___________，___________。初读初选后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，逐题分析选项、对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲，把握全局思维，注意前后逻辑（选连词的空格前后两句可形成指代、列举、因果、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系）。第四步：___________，___________。初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章再复读一遍。对答案进行核实调整，清除疏漏。再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方（这时要注意时态语态、主谓一致、固定搭配等）。五读法：1.细读首句，预测主题；2.跳读全文，领会大意；3.通读全文，试选答案；4.细读全文，推敲难题；5.复读全文，调整答案。精简步骤：1._______。跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。(1min)2._______。仔细阅读全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。(5min)3._______。再次阅读文章，检查答案，是否符合文章逻辑推理。(2min)三、真题演练AThegreatestfeelingintheworldcomesnotfromreceivingpresents,orevengettinganAonthemathtestyoustudiedsohardfor.Rather,it1________whenyouhandacupofhotcoffeetothatoldermansittingonthesideofthestreetaskingformoney.Youfeelitwhenyoudriveanhourandahalftoa2________tomeetchildrenwithcancer.Andyoufeelitwhenyousitdownwithyourfriendtocomforther3________hermotherdied.Helpingotherscanbethegreatestfeelingintheworld,andI4________thisjustoneyearago.MyfriendaskedmetoattendaYouthGroupmeetingathischurch.Afteranhouroflisteningtothem5________theiropinions,Iwasinvitedtogowiththemtohelp6________thehomeless.EarlythatSaturdaymorning,ateamof15teenagersbeganmakingsandwichesandcountingbagsofcandy.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIrealizedthatwe,theteensofAmerica,canmakea7________.Sinceitwasmyfirsttime,andIwasn’tpartofthegroup,Ifeltalittleoutofplace.Butwatchingtheothers8________thefooddrovemynervousnessaway.Beforelong,all150baggedlunchesweregoneandthegroupwas9________itswayhome.Irealizedthatnotonlyismyfriendanamazingperson,butthatallofthosepeopleareamazing.That’swhatmademejointheYouthGroup.Iworkatacoffeeshopbutdon’tmakemuch.It’snotthebestjob,buttherearetimeswhenit’sworthit.Forexample,afewweeksago,whenthestorewas10________andIwasbored,lookingoutofthewindow,Inoticedanoldmansittingoutside.Hehadbeentherebefore.Asamatteroffact,he11________cameintobuyanythingbecausehedidn’thaveanymoney.Itookupacupofcoffee,walkedoutside,andhandedittohim.Thesmileonhisfacemademyday,andasIwalkedbackintothestore,Iputmyownmoneyintothedrawer.ThenIknewhowthemembersoftheYouthGroupfeeleverytimetheyhelpsomeone.Knowingthatyoucanhelpis12________–thegreatestfeelingintheworld.1.A.startsB.stopsC.lastsD.fails2.A.shopB.churchC.countryD.hospital3.A.afterB.untilC.thoughD.before4.A.expectedB.discoveredC.touchedD.offered5.A.writeB.experienceC.voiceD.discuss6.A.teachB.encourageC.moveD.feed7.A.decisionB.successC.dreamD.difference8.A.takeoutB.pickoutC.handoutD.pointout9.A.inB.onC.throughD.by10.A.emptyB.freeC.busyD.crowded11.A.evenB.usuallyC.neverD.often12.A.helpfulB.wonderfulC.hopefulD.usefulBItwasacoldafternooninwinter.Myoldestson,Stephen,wasatschool,andReed,myhusband,atwork.My1________littleonesweresittingaroundthekitchentable.Tomwasperfectingapaperplane,whileSamwas2________onanoilpainting.ButLaura,ouronlydaughter,satquietlyandwas3________inherproject.Everyonceinawhileshewouldaskhowto4________thenameofsomeoneinourfamily,thencarefullyformthelettersonebyone.Next,shewouldaddflowerswithsmallitems.Shefinishedoffeachwithasunintheupperrighthandcorner.Holdingthemateyelevel,sheletoutalongsigh(叹息)of5________.“Whatareyoudoing,Honey?”Iasked.Shelookedquicklyatherbrotherbeforelookingbackatme.“It’sa6________.”shesaid,coveringupherworkwithherhands.Next,sheputherworkintoabox.Whenshehadfinished,shedisappearedupthestairs.Itwasn’tuntillaterthateveningthatI7________a“mailbox”tapedontothedoorstoeachofourbedrooms.Therewerelittlenotessayingthatshelovedallofus.Shehadn’t8________SamorbabyPaul.Theyarepagesofcoloredscenesincludingflowerswithhappyfaces.“Hecan’treadyet,”shewhispered(低声说),“9________hecanlookatthepictures.”EachtimeIreceivedoneofmylittlegirl’sgifts,it10________myheart.Iwastouchedathowcarefullyshepaidattentiontowhatwronghappenedtous.WhenStephenlostabaseballgame,therewasalettertellinghimshethoughthewasthebestballplayerinthewholeworld.AfterIhada11________day,therewasamessagethankingmeformyefforts.Thissamelittlegirlisgrownnow,drivingoffeverydaytothestatecollege,butsomethingsaboutherhave12________changed.YesterdayIfoundalovenotenexttomybedside.“Thanksforalwaysbeingthereforme,Mom,”itread,“I’mgladthatwe’rethebestfriends.”Thereareangelsamongus.IknowIlivewithone.1.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five2.A.workingB.gettingC.holdingD.putting3.A.absentB.lostC.boredD.upset4.A.completeB.affordC.spellD.check5.A.satisfactionB.carefulnessC.tirednessD.regret6.A.goalB.dreamC.wishD.surprise7.A.realizedB.noticedC.knewD.predicted8.A.caredB.rememberedC.followedD.forgotten9.A.butB.andC.becauseD.so10.A.deepenedB.frozeC.brokeD.brightened11.A.boringB.differentC.hardD.crazy12.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.EvenCTakingaNapduringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday,1________continuingwithotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswho2________forafewminutesduringthedaywerelesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Thestudy3________morethan2,300Greekadultsforaboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent4________riskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Thestudyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove5_______bymitigating(减低)tensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe6________ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto7________work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces8________andaccidents,and9________increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnot10________importantdutieswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness11________theendoftheday.Butexperts12________thatanapshouldlastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbedifficult.1.A.asB.whenC.beforeD.after2.A.laughB.sleepC.walkD.move3.A.knewB.learnedC.studiedD.followed4.A.lessB.moreC.lowerD.higher5.A.lifeB.healthC.thinkingD.ability6.A.wayB.ideaC.suggestionD.experiment7.A.leaveB.repeatC.changeD.improve8.A.workB.timeC.energyD.mistakes9.A.tooB.alsoC.neverD.seldom10.A.makeB.bringC.carryoutD.create11.A.untilB.whileC.unlessD.during12.A.sayB.thinkC.guessD.warnDAssixthgraders,kidswereseparatingintogroups,butIwasn’tsurewhereIbelonged.Ourteachergaveusataskcalled“secretfriends”forthecomingweek.Weweresupposedtodonicethings1_______ourfriendswithoutlettingthemknowwhowasdoingit.Wecouldleaveencouragingnotesorcardseitherontheirdesksorintheirbags.Beforedoingthetask,withoureyesclosed,fromabasket,we2________anameofaclassmatewhoweweretosecretlybefriendoverthenextfivedays.Soon,thetaskwasturnedintoacompetitionofgiving3________insteadofnotes.Everyonewasgettingcoolpresentsexceptme.Myfriendexactly4________whattheteacherhadtoldus.SoIreceivednothingbuthand-madecardswithnicewordsaboutme.Onthelastmorning,Ifinallygotapackage.WhenI5________it,thegirlsaroundall6________.Itwasan“oldlady”gift.Myfacewentred.Itriedtoforgetabouttheshaminggift,butwhenthesamegirls7________itagainduringthebreakinthebathroom,Ijoinedin,“Howstupid!Mygrandmotherwouldn’t8________wantit.”Thegirlslaughedatmywordsandwentoutofthebathroom.Washingmyhands,Iletthewaterrunthroughmyfingers9________Ithoughtaboutmywords.Itwasn’t10________likemetosaythingslikethat.”“I’myoursecretfriend.”ItwasRochelle.“I’msorryaboutthegift,”shesaidtome,tearsrunningdownherface.Fromapoorfamily,shewasatarget(目标)atschoolforthosewithrichparents.Yetshejusttookalltheterribletreatmentsilently.Iwassicktomystomachasmy11________wordsranthroughmymind.Shehadheardeverything.HowcouldIhavebeensounkind?LaterIlearnedshehadfeltbadallweekaboutnotbeingabletoleavemeanycoolpresentandhermumhadgivenupheronlyluxury(奢侈品).AndIhaddestroyedeverythingforher.ItoldherthatIhadonlysaidthosethingstotrytofitin.“Wearen’tthatdifferentfromeachother,arewe?”Shesmiledunderstandingly.Hersimple12________,spokenfromherheart,foundtheirwaystraightintomine.1.A.forB.behindC.throughD.like2.A.drewB.changedC.foundD.picked3.A.chancesB.helpC.hopeD.gifts4.A.learnedB.copiedC.followedD.understood5.A.discoveredB.openedC.caughtD.held6.A.cheeredB.shoutedC.laughedD.clapped7.A.mentionedB.sawC.showedD.suggested8.A.justB.everC.evenD.only9.A.ifB.asC.sinceD.because10.A.exactlyB.perfectlyC.normallyD.necessarily11.A.powerfulB.hurtfulC.usefulD.helpful12.A.cardsB.actionsC.choicesD.words【参考答案】【知识点睛】浏览全文了解大意瞻前顾后初选答案逐句细读逐题分析复读全文再次斟酌速读精读复读【精讲精练】A1-5：ADABC6-10：DDCBA11-12：CBB1-5：BABCA6-10：DBDAD11-12：CAC1-5：CBDCB6-10：BADBC11-12：ADD1-5：AADCB6-10：CACBC11-12：BD